Mixed Electoral Systems

picture info	Mixed Electoral Systems A mixed electoral system is one that uses different electoral systems to elect different seats in a legislature. Most often, this involves a First Past the Post combined with a proportional component. The results of the combination may be mixed-member proportional (MMP), where the overall results of the elections are proportional, or mixed-member majoritarian, in which case the overall results are semi-proportional, retaining disproportionalities from the majoritarian component. Systems that use multiple types of combinations are sometimes called supermixed. Mixed-member systems also often combine local representation (most often single-member constituencies) with regional or national ( multi-member constituencies) representation, having multiple tiers. This also means voters often elect different types of representatives who might have different types of constituencies. Some representatives may be elected by personal elections where voters vote for candidates, and some by list ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Electoral Systems Map Mixed An election is a formal group decision-making process whereby a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold Public administration, public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operated since the 17th century. Elections may fill offices in the legislature, sometimes in the executive (government), executive and judiciary, and for local government, regional and local government. This process is also used in many other private and business organizations, from clubs to voluntary association and corporations. The global use of elections as a tool for selecting representatives in modern representative democracies is in contrast with the practice in the democratic archetype, ancient History of Athens , Athens, where the elections were considered an oligarchy , oligarchic institution and most political offices were filled using sortition, also known as allotment, by which officeholders were chosen by lot. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Coexistence (electoral Systems) In political science, coexistence involves different voters using different electoral systems depending on which electoral district they belong to. This is distinct from other mixed electoral systems that use parallel voting (superposition) or compensatory voting. For example, the rural-urban proportional (RUP) proposal for British Columbia involved the use of a fully proportional system of list-PR or STV in urban regions, combined with MMP in rural regions. Coexistence of electoral systems exist in multiple countries, like the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Panama, as well as for elections of the European Parliament The European Parliament (EP) is one of the two legislative bodies of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union (known as the Council and informally as the Council of Ministers), it ..... Historically, variants have been used in Iceland (1946–1959), Niger (1993, 1995) and Madagascar (1998). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Mixed Single Vote A mixed single vote (MSV) is a type of ballot in mixed-member electoral systems, where voters cast a single vote in an election, which is used both for electing a local candidate and as a vote for a party affiliated with that candidate according to the rules of the electoral system. Unlike most mixed proportional and mixed majoritarian systems (such as parallel voting) where voters cast two votes, split-ticket voting is not possible under MSV. This significantly reduces the possibility of manipulating compensatory mixed systems,Bochsler, Daniel. "Bending the rules: electoral strategies under mixed electoral systems." ''Representation'' 51.2 (2015): 261-267. at the price of reducing voter choice. An alternative based on the mixed single vote that still allows for indicating different preferences on different levels is the mixed ballot, which functions as a preferential (mixed) single vote. With MSV, voters usually cast their single vote for a local candidate in a single-m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	International Political Science Review The ''International Political Science Review'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of political science. The editors-in-chief are Theresa Reidy (University College Cork) and Daniel Stockemer (University of Ottawa). It was established in 1980 and is published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the International Political Science Association. Editors' choice and thematic special issues Editors' choice collections of articles on a particular theme, selected from past issues, were initiated in 2011. So far there have been collections on ideology, regimes and regime change, political parties and party systems, gender and political behaviour, gender and political institutions, religion and politics, the politics of inequality, and borders and margins. Access to the articles in these collections is free. The journal also regularly publishes thematic special issues. Recent examples include special issues on Gender and political financing, BRICS in a Post-Western Worl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Mixed Compensatory Example Non Compensatory Total Seats Mixed is the past tense of ''mix''. Mixed may refer to: * Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category), an ethnicity category that has been used by the United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics since the 2001 Census Music * ''Mixed'' (album), a compilation album of two avant-garde jazz sessions featuring performances by the Cecil Taylor Unit and the Roswell Rudd Sextet See also * Mix (other) * Mixed breed, an animal whose family are from different breeds or species * Mixed ethnicity The term multiracial people refers to people who are mixed with two or more races (human categorization), races and the term multi-ethnic people refers to people who are of more than one ethnicity, ethnicities. A variety of terms have been used ... , a person who is of multiracial descent * * {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Popular Vote (representative Democracy) Direct election is a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the persons or political party that they want to see elected. The method by which the winner or winners of a direct election are chosen depends upon the electoral system used. The most commonly used systems are the plurality system and the two-round system for single-winner elections, such as a presidential election, and proportional representation for the election of a legislature or executive. By contrast, in an indirect election, the voters elect a body which in turn elects the officeholder in question. In a double direct election, the elected representative serves on two councils, typically a lower-tier municipality and an upper-tier regional district or municipality. Examples Legislatures * The European Parliament has been directly elected every five years since 1979. Member states determine how to elect their representatives, but, among other requirements, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	First-past-the-post Voting First-past-the-post (FPTP)—also called choose-one, first-preference plurality (FPP), or simply plurality—is a single-winner voting rule. Voters mark one candidate as their favorite, or first-preference, and the candidate with more first-preference votes than any other candidate (a ''plurality'') is elected, even if they do not have more than half of votes (a '' majority''). FPP has been used to elect part of the British House of Commons since the Middle Ages before spreading throughout the British Empire. Throughout the 20th century, many countries that previously used FPP have abandoned it in favor of other electoral systems, including the former British colonies of Australia and New Zealand. FPP is still officially used in the majority of US states for most elections. However, the combination of partisan primaries and a two-party system in these jurisdictions means that most American elections behave effectively like two-round systems, in which the first round ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Political Party A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular area's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology, ideological or policy goals. Political parties have become a major part of the politics of almost every country, as modern party organizations developed and spread around the world over the last few centuries. Although List of countries without political parties, some countries have no political parties, this is extremely rare. Most countries have Multi-party system, several parties while others One-party state, only have one. Parties are important in the politics of autocracies as well as democracies, though usually Democracy, democracies have more political parties than autocracies. Autocracies often have a single party that Government, governs the country, and some political scientists consider competition between two or more parties to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]