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Mast Cell Stabilizers
Mast cell stabilizers are medications used to prevent or treat certain allergy, allergic disorders. They block mast cell degranulation, stabilizing the cell and thereby preventing the release of histamine and related mediators. One suspected pharmacodynamic mechanism is the blocking of Immunoglobulin E, IgE-regulated calcium channels. Without intracellular calcium, the histamine vesicles cannot fuse to the cell membrane and degranulate. As inhalers they are used to treat asthma, as nasal sprays to treat hay fever (allergic rhinitis) and as eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis. Finally, in oral form, they are used to treat the rare condition of mastocytosis. Examples Mast cell stabilizer medications include: * cromoglicic acid (cromolyn/cromoglycate) * ketotifen * lodoxamide * nedocromil * pemirolast * olopatadine Research The following substances are studied on their potential mast cell stabilizing effects, but the current results are inconclusive: * vitamin D * quercetin Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cromolyn
Cromoglicic acid (International Nonproprietary Name, INN)—also referred to as cromolyn (United States Adopted Name, USAN), cromoglycate (former British Approved Name, BAN), or cromoglicate—is traditionally described as a mast cell stabilizer, and is commonly marketed as the sodium salt sodium cromoglicate or cromolyn sodium. This drug prevents the release of inflammation, inflammatory chemicals such as histamine from mast cells. It is considered a breakthrough drug in management of asthma, as the patients can be freed from steroids in many cases; however, it is mainly effective as a prophylaxis for allergic and exercise-induced asthma, not as a treatment for acute asthma attacks. Cromoglicic acid has been the non-corticosteroid treatment of choice in the treatment of asthma, for which it has largely been replaced by leukotriene receptor antagonists because of their safety and convenience. Cromoglicic acid requires administration four times daily, and does not provide additi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mastocytosis
Mastocytosis, a type of mast cell A mast cell (also known as a mastocyte or a labrocyte) is a resident cell of connective tissue that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin. Specifically, it is a type of granulocyte derived from the myeloid stem cell that is a p ... disease, is a Rare disease, rare disorder affecting both children and adults caused by the accumulation of functionally defective mast cells (also called ''mastocytes'') and CD34+ mast cell precursors. People affected by mastocytosis are susceptible to a variety of symptoms, including itching, hives, and Anaphylaxis#Diagnosis, anaphylactic shock, caused by the release of histamine and other pro-inflammatory substances from mast cells. Signs and symptoms When mast cells undergo degranulation, the substances that are released can cause a number of symptoms that can vary over time and can range in intensity from mild to severe. Because mast cells play a role in allergic reactions, the symptoms of m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allergy (journal)
''Allergy'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering the field of allergy and immunology, that is published by Wiley on behalf of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. It publishes both original articles and reviews. The editor-in-chief is Cezmi Akdis (University of Zurich). According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 12.6. History The journal' was established by Ernst B. Salén as ''Acta Allergologica'' and was first published by Einer Munksgard in 1948. Salén was also the original editor-in-chief, however, Egon Bruun also helped in the early years. Other editors-in-chief have been Gunnar Bendixen (1970–1992), Gunnar S. Johansson (1993–2002), Jean Bousquet Jean Bousquet (9 May 1912, Bordeaux – 1 April 1996, aged 83) was a 20th-century French people, French Hellenistic period, Hellenist. Biography In 1931, Jean Bousquet was received "cacique" (first) at the admission competition of the É ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a group of structurally related, fat-soluble compounds responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, along with numerous other biological functions. In humans, the most important compounds within this group are vitamin D3 ( cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 ( ergocalciferol). Unlike the other twelve vitamins, vitamin D is only conditionally essential, as with adequate skin exposure to the ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation component of sunlight there is synthesis of cholecalciferol in the lower layers of the skin's epidermis. For most people, skin synthesis contributes more than diet sources. Vitamin D can also be obtained through diet, food fortification and dietary supplements. In the U.S., cow's milk and plant-based milk substitutes are fortified with vitamin D3, as are many breakfast cereals. Government dietary recommendations typically assume that all of a person's vitamin D is taken by mouth, given the potential for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olopatadine
Olopatadine, sold under the brand name Patanol among others, is an antihistamine medication used to decrease the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis (hay fever). It is used as eye drops or as a nasal spray. The eye drops generally result in an improvement within half an hour. Common side effects include headache, sore throat, eye discomfort, or changes in perception of taste. More significant side effects may include sleepiness. It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. It is an antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer. Olopatadine was patented in 1986 and came into medical use in 1997. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 250th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1million prescriptions. Medical uses Olopatadine is an active ingredient in eye drops designed to alleviate allergic conjunctivitis, a condition characterized by itchy, red, and watery eyes. It is intended to se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pemirolast
Pemirolast ( INN) is a mast cell stabilizer used as an anti-allergic drug therapy. It is marketed under the tradenames Alegysal and Alamast. Clinical trials studying treatments for allergic conjunctivitis have found that an ophthalmic solution containing levocabastine with pemirolast potassium may be more effective in alleviating symptoms than levocabastine alone. It has also been studied for the treatment of asthma. Pemirolast has appeared as a possible candidate for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) spike protein disruption and interference. Such results were ascertained by molecular dynamics calculations executed on the Summit supercomputer. By simulating compounds with FDA or similar regulatory approval, the authors found 4 interfacial molecules that could potentially disrupt the SARS-CoV-2 interface with ACE-2 receptors, suggesting that such small molecules could mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection. The 4 candidate interfacial molecules included pemirolast, isoniazid pyruvate, nitrofu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nedocromil
Nedocromil sodium is a medication considered a mast cell stabilizer which acts to prevent wheezing, shortness of breath, and other breathing problems caused by asthma. It is administered by an inhaler under the brand name Tilade, and as an eye drop under the brand name Alocril. The effects of nedocromil versus asthma are gradual rather than fast-acting and it is not indicated for acute respiratory distress compared to fast acting bronchodilators like albuterol or other well-known inhaler medications. Liquid preparations of nedocromil are available in the UK under the name Rapitil for use for allergic eye reactions. Nedocromil sodium has been shown to be effective in alleviating symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. Nedocromil is classified as a benzopyrone. Nedocromil acts as a mast cell stabilizer, inhibits the degranulation of mast cells, prevents release of histamine and tryptase, so preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. US Production of inhaled nedoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lodoxamide
Lodoxamide is an antiallergic pharmaceutical drug. It is marketed under the tradename Alomide in the UK. Like cromoglicic acid it acts as a mast cell stabilizer. In 2014 lodoxamide and bufrolin were found to be potent agonists at the G protein-coupled receptor 35, an orphan receptor believed to play a role in inflammatory processes, pain and the development of stomach cancer. See also *Nedocromil * Zaprinast * Amlexanox *Pemirolast Pemirolast ( INN) is a mast cell stabilizer used as an anti-allergic drug therapy. It is marketed under the tradenames Alegysal and Alamast. Clinical trials studying treatments for allergic conjunctivitis have found that an ophthalmic solutio ... * Pamoic acid * Kynurenic acid * CXCL17 References Nitriles Chloroarenes Carboxamides Dicarboxylic acids Mast cell stabilizers {{respiratory-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ketotifen
Ketotifen is an antihistamine medication and a mast cell stabilizer used to treat allergic conditions such as conjunctivitis, asthma, and urticaria (hives). Ketotifen is available in ophthalmic (eye drops or drug-eluting contact lenses) and oral (tablets or syrup) forms: the ophthalmic form relieves eye itchiness and irritation associated with seasonal allergies, while the oral form helps prevent systemic conditions such as asthma attacks and allergic reactions. In addition to treating allergies, ketotifen has shown efficacy in managing systemic mast cell diseases such as mastocytosis and mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), which involve abnormal accumulation or activation of mast cells throughout the body. Ketotifen is also used for other allergic-type conditions like atopic dermatitis (eczema) and food allergies. Ketotifen acts by blocking the H1 histamine receptors, which are found on various cells in the body, such as smooth muscle, endothelium, and nerve cells. Thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
