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Languages Of Guinea-Bissau
The official language of Guinea-Bissau is Portuguese language, Portuguese, which was spoken by 32.1% of the population according to the 2009 census. It is the language of instruction in schools, the language of literary production, the written press, legislation and administration. The local lingua franca, spoken by 90.4% according to the same census, is a creole language on a Portuguese basis which officially is called Guinea-Bissau Creole but colloquially is called ''Crioulo'' or ''Kiriol''. Several indigenous language, indigenous African languages are spoken by about half of the population, much more in rural than in urban settings. French language, French is taught in schools as foreign language, because Guinea-Bissau is surrounded by French-speaking countries and is a full member of the Francophonie as well as the CPLP, Lusophone CPLP. English is also taught but to a lesser degree than French. Guinea-Bissau Creole In 1983, 44% of Guineans spoke Guinea-Bissau Creole, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fula Language
Fula ( ),Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student's Handbook'', Edinburgh also known as Fulani ( ) or Fulah (, , ; Adlam script, Adlam: , , ; Ajami script, Ajami: , , ), is a Senegambian languages, Senegambian language spoken by around 36.8 million people as a set of various dialects in a Dialect continuum, continuum that stretches across some 18 countries in West Africa, West and Central Africa. Along with other related languages such as Serer language, Serer and Wolof language, Wolof, it belongs to the Atlantic languages, Atlantic geographic group within Niger–Congo languages, Niger–Congo, and more specifically to the Senegambian languages, Senegambian branch. Unlike most Niger-Congo languages, Fula does not have Tone (linguistics), tones. It is spoken as a first language by the Fula people ("Fulani", ) from the Senegambia, Senegambia region and Guinea to Cameroon, Nigeria, and Sudan and by related groups such as the Toucouleur people in the Senegal River Valley ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Official Language
An official language is defined by the Cambridge English Dictionary as, "the language or one of the languages that is accepted by a country's government, is taught in schools, used in the courts of law, etc." Depending on the decree, establishment of an official language might also place restrictions on the use of other languages. Designated rights of an official language can be created in written form or by historic usage. An official language is recognized by 178 countries, of which 101 recognize more than one. The government of Italy made Italian language, Italian their official language in 1999, and some nations (such as Mexico and Australia) have never declared ''de jure'' official languages at the national level. Other nations have declared non-indigenous official languages. Many of the world's constitutions mention one or more official or national languages. Some countries use the official language designation to empower indigenous groups by giving them access to the gover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soninke Language
The Soninke language (Soninke: ''Sooninkanxanne'', ), also known as Serakhulle or Azer or Maraka, is a Mande languages, Mande language spoken by the Soninke people of West Africa. The language has an estimated 2.3 million speakers, primarily located in Mali and Mauritania, and also (in order of numerical importance of the communities) in Senegal, Ivory Coast, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, and Guinea. It enjoys the status of a national language in Mauritania, Mali, Senegal and The Gambia. Phonology Consonants Vowels Long vowels are written double: ''aa'', ''ee'', ''ii'', ''oo'', ''uu''. Dialects Dialects of Soninke include the Berber languages, Berber-inflected Azer dialect. References External links PanAfriL10n page on Soninke [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papel Language
Papel (Pepel, Papei), or ''Oium'' (''Moium''), is a Bak language of Guinea-Bissau. Papel is the language spoken by the Papel people, who live in the central coastal regions of Guinea-Bissau, namely the Biombo Region where it is spoken by 136,000 Bissau-Guineans. Papel speakers are estimated to be around 140,000 in total globally. Papel has 79,000 speakers living on Bissau Island (called ''(b)uhlawʔ'' or ''(b)usawʔ'' in Papel). Dialects include Biombo (Papel: ''uyomʔ'') in the southwest and Safim (Papel: ''safli'') in the northeast.Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. ''Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification''. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Classification Papel is part of the Bak language family based in the Senegal/Guinea-Bissau region, thus it is linguistically similar to the Mankanya and Mandjak languages, members of the 'Papel languages The Papel languages of southern Senegal, Gambia, and n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nalu Language
Nalu (''nalɛ'', ''nul''; also spelled Nalou) is an Atlantic language of Guinea and Guinea-Bissau, spoken by the Nalu people, a West African people who settled the region before the arrival of the Mandinka in the 14th or 15th centuries. It is spoken predominantly by adults. It is estimated to be spoken by a range of 10,000 to 25,000 people, whereas Wilson (2007) reports that there are around 12,000 speakers. It is considered an endangered language due to its dwindling population of speakers. Classification Contrary to prior classifications, Güldemann (2018) classifies Nalu as unclassified within Niger-Congo. It also does not form a subgroup with the Rio Nunez languages. Nalu is traditionally classified as Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Mbulugish-Nalu. History The Nalu people who speak Nalu have been described as settling in West Africa before the Mandinka people. This would place them as existing in West Africa between the 14th and 15th centuries. Wilson (2007) reports t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sua Language
Sua, also known by other ethnic groups as Mansoanka or Kunante,Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. ''Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification''. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. is a divergent Niger–Congo language spoken in the Mansôa area of Guinea-Bissau. References *Guillaume Segerer Guillaume Segerer (born July 13, 1965, in Paris, France) is a French linguist who specializes in Niger-Congo languages, especially the Atlantic languages. Segerer is known for his historical-comparative work on the Atlantic languages. Educatio ... & Florian Lionnet 2010"'Isolates' in 'Atlantic'" ''Language Isolates in Africa'' workshop, Lyon, Dec. 4 Mel languages Languages of Guinea-Bissau {{atlantic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mankanya Language
The Mankanya language (; ) is spoken by approximately 86,000 people in Guinea-Bissau, Senegal and Gambia primarily belonging to the Mankanya people, ethnic group of the same name. It belongs to the Bak languages, Bak branch of the Atlantic–Congo languages, Atlantic–Congo language family. Mancanha is spoken east of the Manjak language area and to the north of Bissau Island. It is also called ''Brame''.Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. ''Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification''. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Sociolinguistic situation The language has status as a national language in Senegal, and an orthography has recently been developed for writing it. Mankanya is known as "Uhula" by the people themselves (the Mankanya people, or "Bahula"). The name 'Mankanya' is thought to have been conferred upon the people and their language by colonialists who mistook the name of their chief at the time of co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manjak Language
Manjak or Manjack (, ; ) or Njak is a Bak language of Guinea-Bissau and Senegal. The language is also known as Kanyop. In 2006, the total number of speakers was estimated at 315,300, including 184,000 in Guinea-Bissau, 105,000 in Senegal and 26,300 in The Gambia. Dialects The Manjak dialects below are distinct enough that some might be considered separate languages. *Bok (Babok, Sarar, Teixeira Pinto, Tsaam) *Likes-Utsia (Baraa, Kalkus) *Cur (Churo) *Lund *Yu (Pecixe, Siis, Pulhilh) *Unhate (Binhante, Bissau) The Manjak dialects listed by Wilson (2007) areWilson, William André Auquier. 2007. ''Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification''. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. *Canchungo (''kancuŋuʔ'') – central dialect *Baboque (''babɔk'') (formerly Vila Teixeira Pinto, Teixeira Pinto) – eastern dialect *Churo (') – northern dialect *Pecixe (locally called ''pəhlihl''; otherwise ''pəsiis''), on an isla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandinka Language
The Mandinka language (; Ajami: ), or Mandingo, is a Mande language spoken by the Mandinka people of northern Guinea-Bissau, the Casamance region of Senegal, and The Gambia where it is one of the principal languages. Mandinka belongs to the Manding branch of Mande and is similar to Bambara and Maninka/Malinké but with only 5 instead of 7 vowels, due to lacking the ATR distinction. The varieties spoken in Urban Gambia and Senegal borders on a pitch accent due to its proximity with non-tonal neighboring languages like Wolof. Phonology Mandinka is here represented by the variety spoken in Casamance. There is little dialectical diversity. Tone Mandinka has two tones, high and low. Unmodified nouns are either high tone on all syllables or low tone on all syllables. The definite suffix ''-o'' takes a low tone on high-tone nouns and a falling tone on low-tone nouns. It also assimilates any preceding short vowel, resulting in a long /oo/ with either low or falling tone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kobiana Language
Kobiana (Cobiana) or Buy (Uboi) is a Senegambian language spoken in several villages of Senegal and Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau, officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, is a country in West Africa that covers with an estimated population of 2,026,778. It borders Senegal to Guinea-Bissau–Senegal border, its north and Guinea to Guinea–Guinea-Bissau b .... The language is referred to as ''gu-boy'' by its speakers. Speakers are shifting to Mandinka.Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. ''Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification''. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. References Senegambian languages Languages of Senegal Languages of Guinea-Bissau {{GuineaBissau-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
