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Languages Of China
There are several hundred languages in the People's Republic of China. The predominant language is Standard Chinese, which is based on Beijing dialect, Beijingese, but there are hundreds of related Chinese languages, collectively known as ''Hanyu'' ( zh, s=汉语, t=漢語, p=Hànyǔ, 'Han language'), that are spoken by 92% of the population. The Chinese (or 'Sinitic') languages are typically divided into Varieties of Chinese, seven major language groups, and their study is a distinct academic discipline. They differ as much from each other Morphology (linguistics), morphologically and phonetically as do English, German and Danish, but meanwhile share the same writing system (Hanzi) and are mutually intelligible in written form. There are in addition approximately 300 Ethnic minorities in China, minority languages spoken by the remaining 8% of the population of China. The ones with greatest state support are Mongolian language, Mongolian, Standard Tibetan, Tibetan, Uyghur language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard Mandarin
Standard Chinese ( zh, s=现代标准汉语, t=現代標準漢語, p=Xiàndài biāozhǔn hànyǔ, l=modern standard Han speech) is a modern Standard language, standard form of Mandarin Chinese that was first codified during the Republic of China (1912–1949), republican era (1912–1949). It is designated as the Languages of China, official language of mainland China and a major language in the United Nations languages, United Nations, Languages of Singapore, Singapore, and Languages of Taiwan, Taiwan. It is largely based on the Beijing dialect. Standard Chinese is a pluricentric language with local standards in mainland China, Taiwan and Singapore that mainly differ in their lexicon. Hong Kong written Chinese, used for formal written communication in Hong Kong and Macau, is a form of Standard Chinese that is read aloud with the Cantonese reading of characters. Like other Sinitic languages, Standard Chinese is a tone (linguistics), tonal language with topic-prominent langua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xinjiang
Xinjiang,; , SASM/GNC romanization, SASM/GNC: Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Sinkiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the Northwest China, northwest of the country at the crossroads of Central Asia and East Asia. Being the List of Chinese administrative divisions by area, largest province-level division of China by area and the List of the largest country subdivisions by area, 8th-largest country subdivision in the world, Xinjiang spans over and has about 25 million inhabitants. Xinjiang Borders of China, borders the countries of Afghanistan, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, and Tajikistan. The rugged Karakoram, Kunlun Mountains, Kunlun and Tian Shan mountain ranges occupy much of Xinjiang's borders, as well as its western and southern regions. The Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract regions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Republic Of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after India, representing 17.4% of the world population. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and Borders of China, borders fourteen countries by land across an area of nearly , making it the list of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest country by land area. The country is divided into 33 Province-level divisions of China, province-level divisions: 22 provinces of China, provinces, 5 autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions, 4 direct-administered municipalities of China, municipalities, and 2 semi-autonomous special administrative regions. Beijing is the country's capital, while Shanghai is List of cities in China by population, its most populous city by urban area and largest financial center. Considered one of six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibetan Sign Language
Tibetan Sign Language is the recently established deaf sign language of Tibet. Tibetan Sign is the first recognized sign language for a minority in China. The Tibetan Sign Language Project, staffed by members of the local deaf club, was set up under the supervision of Handicap International in 2001 to create a standardized language, based primarily on the existing sign language of Lhasa, as a replacement for the regional sign languages of Tibet. For example, the deaf of Nagqu have a well developed vocabulary for livestock, while those of Lhasa have more specialized vocabulary for urban life. The standard was announced by the Chinese government in 2004. The Chinese government press agency Xinhua said that Chinese Sign Language was not practical because deaf Tibetans do not know Chinese characters, and that club members will introduce the new standard throughout Tibet. A Tibetan manual alphabet was created by club members from the Tibetan alphabet without exposure to f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hong Kong Sign Language
Hong Kong Sign Language (), abbreviated as HKSL, is the deaf sign language of Hong Kong and Macau. It derived from the southern dialect of Chinese Sign Language, but is now an independent, mutually unintelligible language. Origins The origin of HKSL can be traced back to around 1949, when a group of around 20 deaf people moved from Shanghai and Nanjing to Hong Kong and began tutoring the local deaf community to facilitate greater social cohesion and standardisation of their sign language(s). Chinese sign language was the initial medium of instruction, leading to the circulation of CSL among the local deaf community, who adapted the language by developing their own signs with new ideas, concepts or things they encounter in their lives. This led to a further development of the vocabulary and intricacies of Hong Kong Sign Language as separate from CSL. For a number of years, HKSL continued to develop with little external influence, as international travel from Hong Kong and thus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Sign Language
Chinese Sign Language (abbreviated CSL or ZGS; ) is the main sign language used in China. It is not related to the Taiwanese Sign Language used in Taiwan. Manually coded Mandarin is referred to as ''Wénfǎ Shǒuyǔ'' (). History The first references to sign language () in Chinese literature date from the Tang dynasty, documenting a sign for 'mirror'. In the Song dynasty, Su Dongpo describes a community that employed a form of sign language. Later in the Ming dynasty, there is a portrayal of signing in a play entitled ''Zen Master Yu Has a Dream of Cui Village'' (also translated ''A Dream of Master Jade in Green Village''; ) by Xu Wei. The first deaf school in China, the Chefoo (, an alternative name of Yantai) School for the Deaf, was established in 1887 by the Presbyterian missionary Annetta Thompson Mills. From the school, a sign language based on an oralist approach to deaf education was developed, coming out of the Milan Conference of 1880. Another school for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honghe Hani And Yi Autonomous Prefecture
Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture ( zh, s=红河哈尼族彝族自治州, t=紅河哈尼族彝族自治州, p=Hónghé Hānízú Yízú Zìzhìzhōu; Hani language, Hani: ; Yi script, Yi: ꉼꉸꉳꆃꁈꆃꁈꊨꏦꍓ) is an autonomous prefecture in Southeast-Central Yunnan, Yunnan Province, China, China–Vietnam border, bordering Vietnam's Lào Cai Province, Lào Cai and Lai Châu Province, Lai Châu provinces to the south. Its name is derived from the Hong River, Hong (Red) River and the two major ethnic minority groups who live there: the Yi people, Yi and the Hani people, Hani. Honghe has an area of and its seat is Mengzi City, Mengzi. The total population is 4.8 million, of which 61.3% belong to Ethnic minorities in China, ethnic minorities. In 2008, the ''State Administration of Cultural Heritage'' of the People's Republic of China nominated the Honghe Hani Terraced Fields of Yuanyang County, Yunnan, Yuanyang County for World Heritage Site status. It was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture
Chuxiong Prefecture, officially the Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture ( zh, c=楚雄彝族自治州 , p=Chǔxióng Yízú Zìzhìzhōu; Chuxiong Yi script: ， IPA: ; Yi script: ꊉꇑꆑꌠꑼꂰ; Yi Pinyin: wop lup nut su yuop mi), is an autonomous prefecture located in central Yunnan Province, China. It borders Kunming to the east, Yuxi and Pu'er City to the south, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture to the west, and Lijiang and Sichuan ( Panzhihua and Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture) to the north. Chuxiong has an area of . The capital of the prefecture is Chuxiong City. Subdivisions There are two county-level cities and eight counties. Demographics As of the 2020 Chinese Census, Chuxiong Prefecture had a resident population of 2,416,747 and a population density of 90.53 inhabitants/km2. The 2010 Chinese Census reported a resident population of 2,684,000, while 2000 Census A census (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture
Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Nuosu language, Northern Yi: /nɛ˨˩ʂa˧/) is an autonomous prefecture occupying much of the southern extremity of Sichuan province, People's Republic of China. Its seat is Xichang. Liangshan covers an area of and has over 4.8 million inhabitants as of 2020. It has the largest population of Yi people, ethnic Yi (or Nosu) among China's prefectures. Liangshan contains a number of isolated villages high up on its cliffs, often known as "cliff villages". Xichang has the Xichang Qingshan Airport and the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. The prefecture also features a substantial network of railways for both passengers and freight. Governance Liangshan Prefecture Public Security Bureau The Liangshan Prefecture Public Security Bureau () is the primary law enforcement agency of Liangshan. It contains an economic crime investigation unit, a patrol unit, a narcotics unit an immigration unit, a cyber-crime unit, a traffic police unit, a SWAT unit a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yi Language
The Loloish languages, also known as Yi (like the Yi people) and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a family of 50–100 Tibeto-Burman languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of Southwestern China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relatives. Both the Loloish and Burmish branches are well defined, as is their superior node, Lolo-Burmese. However, sub-classification is more contentious. The 2013 edition of ''Ethnologue'' estimated a total number of 9 million native speakers of Loloish ("Ngwi") languages, the largest group being the speakers of Nuosu (Northern Yi) at 2 million speakers (2000 PRC census). Names ''Loloish'' is the traditional name for the family in English. Some publications avoid the term under the misapprehension that ''Lolo'' is pejorative, but it is the Chinese rendition of the autonym of the Yi people and is pejorative only in writing when it is written with a particular Chinese character (one that uses a beast, rather than a huma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture in northern Xinjiang, China. Its capital is Yining, also known as Ghulja or Kulja. Covering an area of 268,591 square kilometres (16.18 per cent of Xinjiang), Ili Prefecture shares a -long border with Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia. There are nine Port of entry, ports of entry in Ili Prefecture at the national level, notably Khorgas. Directly administered regions () within the prefecture cover 56,622 square kilometres (21.08 per cent of Ili's total area) and have a population of 4,930,600 (63.95 per cent of Ili's registered population). Kazakhs in China, Kazakhs are the second largest ethnicity in the prefecture after the Han Chinese, and make up a little over a quarter of the population. Ili is the only Prefecture-level divisions of China, prefecture-level division that has other prefecture-level divisions (Altay Prefecture, Altay and Tacheng Prefecture, Tacheng Prefectures) under its administration. The term "Sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazakh Language
Kazakh is a Turkic language of the Kipchak branch spoken in Central Asia by Kazakhs. It is closely related to Nogai, Kyrgyz and Karakalpak. It is the official language of Kazakhstan, and has official status in the Altai Republic of Russia. It is also a significant minority language in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang, China, and in the Bayan-Ölgii Province of western Mongolia. The language is also spoken by many ethnic Kazakhs throughout the former Soviet Union (some 472,000 in Russia according to the 2010 Russian census), Germany, and Turkey. Like other Turkic languages, Kazakh is an agglutinative language and employs vowel harmony. Kazakh builds words by adding suffixes one after another to the word stem, with each suffix expressing only one unique meaning and following a fixed sequence. ''Ethnologue'' recognizes three mutually intelligible dialect groups: Northeastern Kazakh—the most widely spoken variety, which also serves as the basis for the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
