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Jola Languages
Jola (Joola) or Diola is a dialect continuum spoken in Senegal, the Gambia, and Guinea-Bissau. It belongs to the Bak branch of the Niger–Congo language family. Name The name ''Jola'' is an exonym, and may be from the Mandinka word ''joolaa'' 'one who pays back'.Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. ''Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification''. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. There is no widespread endonym used by all of the Jola speakers. Languages The primary branches of Jola proper and to some extent Central Jola are not mutually intelligible. The main varieties are: * Bayot *Jola proper ** Kwatay (Kuwaataay), spoken along the coast south of the Casamance River. ** Karon–Mlomp *** Karon, spoken along the coast of Casamance south of Diouloulou. *** Mlomp **Central Jola *** Jola-Fonyi (Kujamatay), spoken around Bignona. The official standard. *** Bandial, spoken in a small area south of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Gambia
The Gambia, officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in West Africa. Geographically, The Gambia is the List of African countries by area, smallest country in continental Africa; it is surrounded by Senegal on all sides except for the western part, which is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean.Hoare, Ben. (2002) ''The Kingfisher A–Z Encyclopedia'', Kingfisher Publications. p. 11. . Its territory is on both sides of the lower reaches of the Gambia River, which flows through the centre of the country and empties into the Atlantic. The national namesake river demarcates the elongated shape of the country, which has an area of and a population of 2,769,075 people in 2024 which is a 47% population increase from 2013. The capital city is Banjul, which has the most extensive metropolitan area in the country. The second and third-largest cities are Serekunda and Brikama. Arab Muslims, Arab Muslim merchants traded with indigenous West Africans in The Gambia throughout the 9th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diouloulou
Diouloulou is a small town and commune in the Bignona Department of the Ziguinchor Region of southwestern Senegal. In 2002, the town had a population of 2,725. The village of Diouloulou was the capital of the rural community of Diouloulou and of the arrondissement of Diouloulou. In 2008, the town gained the status of a "commune". This was connected with the separation of the urban area from the territory of the rural community and from the arrondissement, whose main place and namesake henceforth was the village of Kataba I. The urban area includes the villages of Djibaly, Badionkoto, Missira, Brikamanding 2, Aïnoumane and Santhiba. Diouloulou, a quiet, unremarkable town, lies along the N5 road. There is a small church, Eglise de Diouloulou, in the southern outskirts of the town, and a campement at Auberge Myriam. Senegal national football team The Senegal national football team (French language, French: ''Équipe de football du Senegal''), nicknamed ''Les Lions de la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Relexification
In linguistics, relexification is a mechanism of language change by which one language changes much or all of its lexicon, including basic vocabulary, to the lexicon of another language, without drastically changing the relexified language's grammar. The term is principally used to describe pidgins, creoles, and mixed languages. Relexification is not synonymous with lexical borrowing, by which a language merely ''supplements'' its basic vocabulary with loanwords from another language. Language creation and relexification hypothesis Relexification is a form of language interference in which a pidgin, a creole or a mixed language takes nearly all of its lexicon from a superstrate or a target language while its grammar comes from the substrate or source language or, according to universalist theories, arises from universal principles of simplification and grammaticalization. The language from which the lexicon is derived is called the "lexifier". Michif, Media Lengua, and Lanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Isolate
A language isolate is a language that has no demonstrable genetic relationship with any other languages. Basque in Europe, Ainu and Burushaski in Asia, Sandawe in Africa, Haida and Zuni in North America, Kanoê in South America, and Tiwi in Oceania are all examples of such languages. The exact number of language isolates is yet unknown due to insufficient data on several languages. One explanation for the existence of language isolates is that they might be the last remaining member of a larger language family. Such languages might have had relatives in the past that have since disappeared without being documented, leaving them an orphaned language. One example is the Ket language spoken in central Siberia, which belongs to the wider Yeniseian language family; had it been discovered in recent times independently from its now extinct relatives, such as Yugh and Kott, it would have been classified as an isolate. Another explanation for language isolates is that they aro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ziguinchor
Ziguinchor (; ; ) is the capital of the Ziguinchor Region, and the chief town of the Casamance area of Senegal, lying at the mouth of the Casamance River. It has a population of 214,874 (2023 census). It is the eighth largest city of Senegal, but is nearly separated from the north of the country by the nation of The Gambia. Unlike the semi-arid to arid north of Senegal, Ziguinchor has a tropical savanna climate, as it is under the influence of the West African Monsoon. It has an average annual accumulated rainfall of approximately . Etymology There are several competing etymologies for Ziguinchor's name. The best known comes from the time when Portuguese traders and explorers came to the region to form a trading post. It is derived from a Portuguese phrase, ''Cheguei e choram'', "I came and they cry". The local people, seeing the Europeans, began crying, thinking they were about to be enslaved. Other scholars believe that the name likely predates the Portuguese arrival. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oussouye
Oussouye (or Husuy in JolaWilson, William André Auquier. 2007. ''Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification''. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.) is a small town and urban commune in the Oussouye Department in the Ziguinchor Region of Senegal. It lies in the area of Basse Casamance in the south of the country. In the census of 2002, Oussouye had 4,828 inhabitants. In the census of 2023 it had risen to 5,705. Kasa, a Jola language, is spoken in Oussouye. The residence of the Prefect at Oussouye is a classified historic site. References * This article is partly based on the Oussouye article in the French Wikipedia The French Wikipedia () is the French-language edition of Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia. This edition was started on 23 March 2001, two months after the official creation of Wikipedia. It has :fr:Special:Statistics, encyclopedia artic .... Populated places in Ziguinchor region ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kasa Language
Kasa, or ''Jóola-Kaasa'' (also ''Bacuki, Casa,'' etc.) is a Jola language of the Casamance region of Senegal and neighboring Gambia. Dialects are ''Ayun, Bliss (Niomoun), Esulalu ( Oussouye), Fluvial, Huluf, Selek.'' In Oussouye (Husuy) dialect, a person is referred to as ''a-luf''.Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. ''Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification''. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. References Languages of Senegal Jola languages {{Atlantic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jola-Felupe Language
Jola-Felupe (Feloup, Felup, Felupe, Floup, Flup, Fulup) or Ejamat (Ediamat) is a Jola language of the Casamance region of Senegal and neighboring Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau, officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, is a country in West Africa that covers with an estimated population of 2,026,778. It borders Senegal to Guinea-Bissau–Senegal border, its north and Guinea to Guinea–Guinea-Bissau b ..., including around Calequisse (Kaləkis), on the western edge of the Manjak area south of the Cacheu River. A person is called ''ɸuluɸ'' or ''ajamuʂay'' by speakers of the dialect, and the language is called either ''ɛlɔp eluɸay'' or ''ɛlɔp ɛjamuʂay'' (or ''Ejamatay'' in Husuy).Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. ''Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification''. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Kerak (Keerak, Keeraku; also Her) appears to be a dialect, though ''Ethnologue'' assigns it a separa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thionck Essyl
Thionck Essyl (also called Tionk Essil) is a small town and urban commune in Ziguinchor, Senegal, located 65 km north-west of the region capital. Etymology The name of the town means "cook remaining crouched." History The origins of the town are connected to the kingdom of Mof-Ewi, when it was populated by defectors from Guinea-Bissau. Long considered the largest village in Senegal, the village was urbanized in 1990. Administration Thionck Essyl is part of the arrondissement of Tendouck in Bignona, Ziguinchor. Geography The nearest towns are Hilol, Mantat, Etouta, Mlomp Mlomp is a rural community and village in the Ziguinchor Region of Senegal in the Casamance, situated approximately south-west of Ziguinchor. As of 2000, it had a population of 7,628, rising to around 8,500 in 2006. Most inhabitants are of Diola ..., Tendouck, and Djimande. Population The population is primarily Jola. Some sources suggest that more than 10000 people live in Thionck Essyl, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bandial Language
Bandial (Banjaal), or Eegima (Eegimaa), is a Jola language of the Casamance region of Senegal. The three dialects, Affiniam, Bandial proper, and Elun (Hulon, also Kuluunaay, Kujireray) are divergent, on the border between dialects and distinct languages. Classification Bandial has the highest percentage of similarity with Fulup at 87% and is classified as one of the Jóola dialects in Sapir'sSapir, John David. 1971. West Atlantic: An Inventory of the languages, their Noun Class systems and consonant Alternations. In Current Trends in Linguistics, ed. Thomas Seboek, A., 45-112. The Hague: Mouton. West Atlantic inventory. Bandial is classified amongst Central Jóola languages as a member of the Endungo language group. The Jóola varieties are mutually intelligible. Even though some who do not speak some Jóola varieties are not part of the former Kingdom of Mof-Ávvi where Bandial is spoken, they are considered as having a direct historical link to Mof-Ávvi though not so much w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
