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Hymenophyllales
The Hymenophyllaceae, the filmy ferns and bristle ferns, are a family of two to nine genera (depending on classification system) and about 650 known species of ferns, with a subcosmopolitan distribution, but generally restricted to very damp places or to locations where they are wetted by spray from waterfalls or springs. Fossil evidence shows that ferns of the family Hymenophyllaceae have existed since at least the Upper Triassic. Description They often appear as very dark green or even black clumps and may be mistaken for a robust moss or liverwort. The rhizome is usually thin and wiry and the fronds variously pinnate with a single strand ("nerve") of vascular tissue. As in most ferns, young fronds have circinate vernation. In most species, the frond, apart from the vascular tissue, is only a single cell thick, and they do not have any stomata. The cuticle is also greatly reduced or absent, leaving filmy ferns poikilohydric and very susceptible to desiccation where a reliable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptosporangiate Fern
The Polypodiidae, commonly called leptosporangiate ferns, formerly Leptosporangiatae, are one of four subclasses of ferns, the largest of these being the largest group of living ferns, including some 11,000 species worldwide. The group has also been treated as the class Pteridopsida or Polypodiopsida, although other classifications assign them a different rank. Older names for the group include Filicidae and Filicales, although at least the "water ferns" (now the Salviniales) were then treated separately. The leptosporangiate ferns are one of the four major groups of ferns, with the other three being the eusporangiate ferns comprising the marattioid ferns (Marattiidae, Marattiaceae), the horsetails (Equisetiidae, Equisetaceae), and whisk ferns and moonworts. There are approximately 8465 species of living leptosporangiate ferns, compared with about 2070 for all other ferns, totalling 10535 species of ferns. Almost a third of leptosporangiate fern species are epiphytes. These ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fern
The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients, and in having life cycles in which the branched sporophyte is the dominant phase. Ferns have complex leaf, leaves called megaphylls that are more complex than the microphylls of clubmosses. Most ferns are leptosporangiate ferns. They produce coiled Fiddlehead fern, fiddleheads that uncoil and expand into fronds. The group includes about 10,560 known extant species. Ferns are defined here in the broad sense, being all of the Polypodiopsida, comprising both the leptosporangiate (Polypodiidae (plant), Polypodiidae) and eusporangiate ferns, the latter group including horsetails, Psilotaceae, whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns. The fern crown group, consisting of the leptosporangiates and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephalomanes
''Cephalomanes'' is a fern genus in the family Hymenophyllaceae. The genus is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) but not by other sources, which sink it into a broadly defined ''Trichomanes''. Taxonomy The genus ''Cephalomanes'' was erected by Carl Presl in 1843. Its status, like other genera in the family Hymenophyllaceae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus, placing it in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, and saying that there are four species. , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' lists nine species, whereas ''Plants of the World Online'' sinks the genus into ''Trichomanes''. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following species: *''Cephalomanes atrovirens'' C.Presl *'' Cephalomanes crassum'' (Copel.) M.G.Price *''Cephalomanes densinervium'' (Copel.) Copel. *''Cephalomanes infundibulare'' (Alderw.) comb. ined. *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abrodictyum
''Abrodictyum'' is a fern genus in the family Hymenophyllaceae. The genus is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) but not by some other sources, which sink it into a broadly defined ''Trichomanes''. Taxonomy The genus ''Abrodictyum'' was erected by Carl Presl in 1843. Its status, like other genera in the family Hymenophyllaceae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus, placing it in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, and saying that there are about 25 species. , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' listed 31 species, whereas ''Plants of the World Online'' sank the genus into ''Trichomanes''. Phylogeny Other species: *''Abrodictyum caespifrons'' (C.Chr.) comb. ined. *''Abrodictyum clathratum'' (Tagawa) Ebihara & K.Iwats. *''Abrodictyum cumingii'' C. Presl *''Abrodictyum franceae'' Dubuisson et al. *'' Abrodictyum idoneum'' (C.V.Morton) Ebihara & K.Iwats. *'' Abrod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sorus
A sorus (: sori) is a cluster of sporangia (structures producing and containing spores) in ferns and fungi. A coenosorus (: coenosori) is a compound sorus composed of multiple, fused sori. Etymology This Neo-Latin word is from Ancient Greek σωρός (''sōrós'' 'stack, pile, heap'). Structure In lichens and other fungi, the sorus is surrounded by an external layer. In some red algae, it may take the form of depression into the thallus. In ferns, the sori form a yellowish or brownish mass on the edge or underside of a fertile frond. In some species, they are protected during development by a scale or film of tissue called the indusium (: indusia), which forms an umbrella-like cover. Life cycle significance Sori occur on the sporophyte generation, the sporangia within producing haploid meiospores. As the sporangia mature, the indusium shrivels so that spore release is unimpeded. The sporangia then burst and release the spores. As an aid to identification The shape, arrang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunio Iwatsuki
Kunio (written: 邦夫, 邦男, 邦雄, 邦生, 國男, 國士, 国男, 国夫, 州男 or 久仁生) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include: *, Japanese businessman *, Japanese businessman *, Japanese judge *, Japanese politician *, Japanese mayor *, Japanese Go player *, Japanese field hockey player *, Japanese animator *, Japanese dramatist and writer *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese bonsai artist *, Japanese karateka *Kunio Lemari (1942–2008), Marshallese politician and President of the Marshall Islands *, Japanese architect *, Japanese businessman, adventurer, and college professor *, Japanese photographer *, Secretary General of the World Customs Organization *, Japanese actor and voice actor (not to be confused with the manga character of the same name) *, Japanese politician *, Japanese general *, Japanese businessman *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese shogi player *, Japanese writer *, Japanese mechanical designer *, Japanese cross-coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atsushi Ebihara
Atsushi is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include: * Atsushi (musician), Japanese singer *, Japanese voice actor *, Japanese synchronized swimmer *, Japanese professional wrestler *, Japanese water polo player *, Japanese cross-country skier *, Japanese long-distance runner *, Japanese writer and manga critic *, Japanese actor *, Japanese voice actor *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese actor *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese sport wrestler *, Japanese Go player *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese voice actor *, Japanese professional wrestler *, Japanese professional wrestler *, Japanese tennis player *, Japanese shogi player *, Japanese voice actor *, Japanese author *, Japanese rower *, Japanese swimmer *, Japanese animation director *, Japanese manga artist *, Japanese sumo wrestler known as Wakatakakage *, Professional Wrestler *, Japanese professional wrestler *, Japanese rugby union player *, Japanese singer *, Japanese runner *, Japanese alpine s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population), i.e. excludes non-descendants of that common ancestor # the grouping contains all the descendants of that common ancestor, without exception Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic'' grouping meets 1. but not 2., thus consisting of the descendants of a common ancestor, excepting one or more monophyletic subgroups. A '' polyphyletic'' grouping meets neither criterion, and instead serves to characterize convergent relationships of biological features rather than genetic relationships – for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, or aquatic insects. As such, these characteristic features of a polyphyletic grouping ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetics, phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indusium
A sorus (: sori) is a cluster of sporangia (structures producing and containing spores) in ferns and fungi. A coenosorus (: coenosori) is a compound sorus composed of multiple, fused sori. Etymology This Neo-Latin word is from Ancient Greek σωρός (''sōrós'' 'stack, pile, heap'). Structure In lichens and other fungi, the sorus is surrounded by an external layer. In some red algae, it may take the form of depression into the thallus. In ferns, the sori form a yellowish or brownish mass on the edge or underside of a fertile frond. In some species, they are protected during development by a scale or film of tissue called the indusium (: indusia), which forms an umbrella-like cover. Life cycle significance Sori occur on the sporophyte generation, the sporangia within producing haploid meiospores. As the sporangia mature, the indusium shrivels so that spore release is unimpeded. The sporangia then burst and release the spores. As an aid to identification The shape, arrang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenophyllum
''Hymenophyllum'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae. Its name means "membranous leaf", referring to the very thin translucent tissue of the fronds, which gives rise to the common name filmy fern for this and other thin-leaved ferns. The leaves are generally only one cell thick and lack stomata, making them vulnerable to desiccation. Consequently, they are found only in very humid areas, such as in moist forests and among sheltered rocks. They are small and easy to overlook. Species , World Ferns accepted the following extant species: Extinct species include: *†'' Hymenophyllum axsmithii'' (Ypresian In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age (geology), age or lowest stage (stratigraphy), stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between , is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by th ..., Eocene Okanagan Highlands North America) See also * '' Trichomanes'', the members of which are also called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytotaxa
''Phytotaxa'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal for rapid publication on any aspect of systematic botany. It publishes on a wide range of subjects, but focuses on new species, monographs, floras, revisions, reviews, and typification issues. ''Phytotaxa'' covers all plant groups covered by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, including diatoms, fungi, algae, lichens, mosses, hornworts, liverworts, and vascular plants), both living and fossil. The journal was established in 2009 by Maarten Christenhusz and the first issue appeared in October 2009. Authors have the option to publish open access. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded, Current Contents/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences, and BIOSIS Previews. See also * Zootaxa ''Zootaxa'' is a peer-reviewed scientific mega journal for animal taxonomists. It is published by Magnolia Press (Auckland, New Zealand). The jou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
