Gnaphosidae
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Gnaphosidae
Ground spiders comprise Gnaphosidae, the seventh largest spider family with over 2,000 described species in over 100 genera distributed worldwide. There are 105 species known to central Europe, and common genera include '' Gnaphosa'', '' Drassodes'', '' Micaria'', '' Cesonia'', '' Zelotes'' and many others. They are closely related to Clubionidae. At present, no ground spiders are known to be seriously venomous to humans. Description Generally, ground spiders are characterized by having barrel-shaped anterior spinnerets that are one spinneret diameter apart. The main exception to this rule is found in the ant-mimicking genus ''Micaria''. Another characteristic is an indentation in the endites (paired mouthparts anterior and lateral to the labium, or lip). All ground spiders lack a prey-capture web and generally run prey down on the surface. They hunt at night and spend the day in a silken retreat. The genitalia are diverse and are a good model for studying the evolution of genit ...
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Micaria
''Micaria'' is a genus of Gnaphosidae, ground spiders that was first described by Niklas Westring in 1851. They are long. They are often called "ant spiders" due to their ant-like appearance and ant mimicry, ant mimicking behavior. Species it contains 105 species and two subspecies found in the Holarctic, Indomalayan, Australasian and Afrotropical Zoogeography, zoogeographic regions: *''Micaria aborigenica, M. aborigenica'' Mikhailov, 1988 – Russia (north-eastern Siberia) *''Micaria aciculata, M. aciculata'' Eugène Simon, Simon, 1895 – Russia (South Siberia) *''Micaria aenea, M. aenea'' Tamerlan Thorell, Thorell, 1871 – North America, Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan *''Micaria albofasciata, M. albofasciata'' Hu, 2001 – China *''Micaria albovittata, M. albovittata'' (Lucas, 1846) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Central Asia), Iran, Turkmenistan, China *''Micaria alpina, M. alpina'' Ludwig Carl Christian Koch, L. Koch, 1872 – USA (Alask ...
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List Of Gnaphosidae Species
This page lists all described genera and species of the spider family Gnaphosidae. , the World Spider Catalog accepts 2474 species in 153 genera: A ''Allomicythus'' '' Allomicythus'' Ono, 2009 * '' Allomicythus kamurai'' Ono, 2009 (type) — Vietnam ''Allozelotes'' '' Allozelotes'' Yin & Peng, 1998 * '' Allozelotes dianshi'' Yin & Peng, 1998 — China * '' Allozelotes lushan'' Yin & Peng, 1998 (type) — China * '' Allozelotes microsaccatus'' Yang, Zhang, Zhang & Kim, 2009 — China * '' Allozelotes songi'' Yang, Zhang, Zhang & Kim, 2009 — China ''Almafuerte'' '' Almafuerte'' Grismado & Carrión, 2017 * '' Almafuerte facon'' Grismado & Carrión, 2017 — Bolivia * '' Almafuerte giaii'' (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1948) — Argentina * '' Almafuerte goloboffi'' Grismado & Carrión, 2017 — Argentina * '' Almafuerte kuru'' Grismado & Carrión, 2017 — Argentina * '' Almafuerte peripampasica'' Grismado & Carrión, 2017 (type) — Argentina, Uruguay * '' Almafuerte remota'' Gris ...
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Aponetius
''Aponetius'' is a genus of east Asian ground spiders. It was first described by T. Kamura in 2020, and it has only been found in Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea .... The type species, ''Aponetius gladius'', was originally described under the name "''Zelotes gladius"''. Species it contains five species: *'' A. flexuosus'' (Kamura, 1999) – Japan (Ryukyu Is.) *'' A. gladius'' (Kamura, 1999) ( type) – Japan (Ryukyu Is.) *'' A. ogatai'' Kamura, 2020 – Japan (Ryukyu Is.) *'' A. ryukyuensis'' (Kamura, 1999) – Japan (Ryukyu Is.) *'' A. watarii'' Kamura, 2020 – Japan (Ryukyu Is.) See also * '' Zelotes'' * List of Gnaphosidae species References Further reading * Gnaphosidae genera Endemic fauna of the Ryukyu Islands {{Gnaphosidae-stub ...
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Anagraphis
''Anagraphis'' is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon in 1893. Originally placed in the now unrecognized family Prodidomidae, it was moved to the family Gnaphosidae in 2006. Species it contains seven species from Asia and Africa: *'' Anagraphis incerta'' Caporiacco, 1941 – Ethiopia *'' Anagraphis maculosa'' Denis, 1958 – Afghanistan *'' Anagraphis minima'' Caporiacco, 1947 – East Africa *'' Anagraphis ochracea'' ( L. Koch, 1867) – Albania, Macedonia, Greece, Turkey *'' Anagraphis pallens'' Simon, 1893 (type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * ...) – Libya, Malta, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Syria, Russia (Europe), Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Central Asia *'' Anagraphis pluridentata'' Simon, 1897 – Syria *'' Anagraphis pori'' L ...
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Gnaphosa
''Gnaphosa'' is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. They all have a serrated keel on the retromargin of each chelicera. Species it contains 148 species: *'' G. aborigena'' Tyschchenko, 1965 – Kazakhstan *'' G. akagiensis'' Hayashi, 1994 – Japan *'' G. alacris'' Simon, 1878 – France, Italy, Croatia, Morocco *'' G. alpica'' Simon, 1878 – France, Switzerland, Austria *'' G. altudona'' Chamberlin, 1922 – USA *'' G. antipola'' Chamberlin, 1933 – USA, Canada *'' G. artaensis'' Wunderlich, 2011 – Portugal, Spain (Balearic Is.) *'' G. atramentaria'' Simon, 1878 – France *'' G. azerbaidzhanica'' Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003 – Azerbaijan *'' G. badia'' ( L. Koch, 1866) – Europe to Azerbaijan *'' G. balearicola'' Strand, 1942 – Spain (Balearic Is.) *'' G. banini'' Marusik & Koponen, 2001 – Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia *'' G. basilicata'' Simon, 1882 – Italy *'' G. belyaevi'' Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 â ...
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Drassodes
''Drassodes'' is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Niklas Westring in 1851. They are brown, gray, and red spiders that live under rocks or bark in mostly dry habitats, and are generally long, but can reach up to in length. Species it contains 162 species: *'' D. adisensis'' Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia *'' D. affinis'' (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile *'' D. afghanus'' Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan *'' D. albicans'' ( Simon, 1878) – Mediterranean *'' D. andamanensis'' Tikader, 1977 – India (Andaman Is.) *'' D. andorranus'' Denis, 1938 – Andorra *'' D. angulus'' Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – USA *'' D. arapensis'' Strand, 1908 – Peru *'' D. archibensis'' Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Russia (Caucasus) *'' D. assimilatus'' ( Blackwall, 1865) – Canary Is., Cape Verde Is. *'' D. astrologus'' ( O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India *'' D. auriculoides'' Barrows, 1919 – USA *'' D. auritus'' Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan, China *'' D. bechuani ...
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Anzacia
''Anzacia'' is a genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ... of South Pacific ground spiders that was first described by R. de Dalmas in 1919. Species it contains fifteen species: *'' Anzacia daviesae'' Ovtsharenko & Platnick, 1995 – Australia (Queensland) *'' Anzacia debilis'' ( Hogg, 1900) – Australia (Victoria) *'' Anzacia dimota'' (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Victoria) *'' Anzacia gemmea'' (Dalmas, 1917) – New Zealand, Australia (Phillip Is.) *'' Anzacia inornata'' (Rainbow, 1920) – Australia (Norfolk Is.) *'' Anzacia invenusta'' ( L. Koch, 1872) – Australia (New South Wales) *'' Anzacia micacea'' (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia) *'' Anzacia mustecula'' (Simon, 1908) – New Guinea, Australia (mainland, Cato Is., Lord Howe Is.) *'' Anza ...
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Aphantaulax
''Aphantaulax'' is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon Eugène Louis Simon (; 30 April 1848 – 17 November 1924) was a French naturalist who worked particularly on insects and spiders, but also on birds and plants. He is by far the most prolific spider Taxonomy (biology), taxonomist in history, ... in 1878. Species it contains seventeen species: *'' Aphantaulax albini'' (Audouin, 1826) ( type) – Egypt, Ethiopia *'' Aphantaulax australis'' Simon, 1893 – South Africa *'' Aphantaulax cincta'' ( L. Koch, 1866) – Europe, Turkey, North Africa, Israel *'' Aphantaulax ensifera'' Simon, 1907 – São Tomé and Príncipe *'' Aphantaulax fasciata'' KulczyÅ„ski, 1911 – Thailand, Indonesia (Java, Lombok) *'' Aphantaulax flavida'' Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia *'' Aphantaulax inornata'' Tucker, 1923 – South Africa *'' Aphantaulax katangae'' (Giltay, 1935) – Congo *'' Aphantaulax rostrata'' Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2013 – Thailand *'' ...
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Almafuerte (spider)
''Almafuerte'' is a genus of South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...n ground spiders first described by C. J. Grismado & N. L. Carrión in 2017. It is named after Argentine poet Pedro Bonifacio Palacios, better known by his sobriquet ''Almafuerte'', and after Argentine heavy metal band Almafuerte. Species it contains seven species: *'' Almafuerte facon'' Grismado & Carrión, 2017 — Bolivia *'' Almafuerte giaii'' (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1948) — Argentina *'' Almafuerte goloboffi'' Grismado & Carrión, 2017 — Argentina *'' Almafuerte kuru'' Grismado & Carrión, 2017 — Argentina *'' Almafuerte peripampasica'' Grismado & Carrión, 2017 — Argentina, Uruguay *'' Almafuerte remota'' Grismado & Carrión, 2017 — Argentina *'' Almafuerte vigorosa'' G ...
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Apopyllus
''Apopyllus'' is a genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ... of ground spiders that was first described by Norman I. Platnick & M. U. Shadab in 1984. Species it contains ten species: *'' Apopyllus aeolicus'' Azevedo, Ott, Griswold & Santos, 2016 – Brazil *'' Apopyllus atlanticus'' Azevedo, Ott, Griswold & Santos, 2016 – Brazil *'' Apopyllus centralis'' Azevedo, Ott, Griswold & Santos, 2016 – Brazil *'' Apopyllus gandarela'' Azevedo, Ott, Griswold & Santos, 2016 – Brazil *'' Apopyllus huanuco'' Platnick & Shadab, 1984 – Peru *'' Apopyllus ivieorum'' Platnick & Shadab, 1984 – Mexico *'' Apopyllus malleco'' Platnick & Shadab, 1984 – Chile *'' Apopyllus now'' Platnick & Shadab, 1984 – Curaçao, Colombia *'' Apopyllus silvestrii'' (Simon, 1905) ( type) ...
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Allomicythus
''Allomicythus'' is a monotypic genus of Southeast Asian ground spiders containing the single species, ''Allomicythus kamurai''. It was first described by H. Ono in 2009, and has only been found in Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende .... References Gnaphosidae Monotypic Gnaphosidae genera Spiders of Asia {{Gnaphosidae-stub ...
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Cesonia
''Cesonia'' is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon in 1893. Species it contains thirty-one species: *'' Cesonia aspida'' Chatzaki, 2002 – Greece (Crete), Turkey *'' Cesonia bilineata'' (Hentz, 1847) (type) – North America *'' Cesonia bixleri'' Platnick & Shadab, 1980 – USA *'' Cesonia boca'' Platnick & Shadab, 1980 – Panama *'' Cesonia bryantae'' Platnick & Shadab, 1980 – Jamaica *'' Cesonia cana'' Platnick & Shadab, 1980 – Jamaica *'' Cesonia cerralvo'' Platnick & Shadab, 1980 – Mexico *'' Cesonia chickeringi'' Platnick & Shadab, 1980 – Jamaica *'' Cesonia cincta'' ( Banks, 1909) – Cuba *'' Cesonia classica'' Chamberlin The Chamberlin is an electro-mechanical keyboard instrument that was a precursor to the Mellotron. It was developed and patented by the American inventor Harry Chamberlin from 1949 to 1956, when the first model was introduced. There are several ..., 1924 – California, Nevada, Arizona, Mexico *'' Cesonia c ...
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