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French Feminists
Feminism in France is the history of Feminism, feminist thought and movements in France. Feminism in France can be roughly divided into three waves: First-wave feminism from the French Revolution through the French Third Republic, Third Republic which was concerned chiefly with women's suffrage, suffrage and Women's rights, civic rights for women. Significant contributions came from revolutionary movements of the French Revolution of 1848 and Paris Commune, culminating in 1944 when women gained the right to vote. Second-wave feminism began in the 1940s as a reevaluation of women's role in society, reconciling the inferior treatment of women in society despite their ostensibly equal political status to men. Pioneered by theorists such as Simone de Beauvoir, second wave feminism was an important current within the social turmoil leading up to and following the May 1968 events in France. Political goals included the guarantee of increased bodily autonomy for women via increased ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postcolonial Feminism
Postcolonial feminism is a form of feminism that developed as a response to feminism focusing solely on the experiences of women in Western cultures and former colonies. Postcolonial feminism seeks to account for the way that racism and the long-lasting political, economic, and cultural effects of colonialism affect non-white, non-Western women in the Postcolonialism, postcolonial world. Postcolonial feminism originated in the 1980s as a critique of feminist theorists in Developed country, developed countries pointing out the universalizing tendencies of mainstream feminist ideas and argues that women living in non-Western countries are misrepresented. Postcolonial feminism argues that by using the term "woman" as a universal group, women are then only defined by their gender and not by social class, race, ethnicity, or sexual preference. Postcolonial feminists also work to incorporate the ideas of indigenous and other Third World feminist movements into mainstream Western feminis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pauline Léon
Pauline Léon (28 September 1768 – 5 October 1838) was an influential woman during the French Revolution. She played an important role in the Revolution, driven by her strong feminist and anti-royalist beliefs. Along with her friend Claire Lacombe, founded the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women (''Société des Républicaines-Révolutionnaires''), and she also served as a prominent leader of the ''Femmes Sans-Culottes''. Biography Léon was born to chocolate makers Pierre-Paul Léon and Mathurine Telohan in Paris on 28 September 1768. She was one of six children. When her father died in 1784, Léon began helping her mother with the chocolate business in exchange for room and board. She was also responsible for helping to raise and support her siblings until the time of her marriage. Throughout Léon's life, she became entrenched in the politics of the Revolution. She affiliated herself with radical anti-royalist groups such as the Cordeliers club and the '' Enragés''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louise-Félicité De Kéralio
Louise-Félicité Guynement de Kéralio (25 August 1758 in Valence, Drôme – 31 December 1821 in Brussels) was a French writer and translator, originating from the minor Brittany, Breton nobility. Her father was Louis-Félix Guynement de Kéralio, who had served as tutor to the Prince of Parma together with Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, Condillac and taught at the École Militaire until 1776, and her mother was the translator and writer . She was present at the court of Versailles between October 1777 and April 1782. She married Pierre-François-Joseph Robert, a politician, revolutionary and secretary to Georges Danton, in 1790. Literary activities She translated her first book when she was only 16 and wrote her first novel, ''Adélaide'', when she was just 18. As a translator she made books by Henry Swinburne, John Gregory (moralist), John Gregory, John Howard (prison reformer), John Howard and Riguccio Galluzzi available to the French public. From 1786 to 1789 she edited ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Hébert
Jacques René Hébert (; 15 November 1757 – 24 March 1794) was a French journalist and leader of the French Revolution. As the founder and editor of the radical newspaper ''Le Père Duchesne'', he had thousands of followers known as ''the Hébertists'' (French ''Hébertistes''). A proponent of the Reign of Terror, he was eventually guillotined. Early life Jacques René Hébert was born on 15 November 1757 in Alençon into a Protestant Huguenot family, to goldsmith, former trial judge, and deputy consul Jacques Hébert (died 1766) and Marguerite Beunaiche de Houdrie (1727–1787). Hébert studied law at the College of Alençon and went into practice as a clerk for a solicitor in Alençon, in which position he was ruined by a lawsuit against a Dr. Clouet. Hébert fled first to Rouen and then to Paris in 1780 to evade a substantial one thousand livre fine imposed for charges of slander. For a while, he passed through a difficult financial time and was supported by a hairdr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etta Palm D'Aelders
Etta Lubina Johanna Palm d'Aelders (April 1743 – 28 March 1799), also known as the Baroness of Aelders, was a Dutch spy and feminist, outspoken during the French Revolution. She gave the address ''Discourse on the Injustice of the Laws in Favour of Men, at the Expense of Women'' to the French National Convention on 30 December 1790 and was a founding member of the first female-only organisation in the history of France, ''Société patriotique et de bienfaisance des Amies de la Vérité''. D'Aelders used these political platforms to instruct French citizens on the struggles of women in the public and private spheres, and to show men the harm that was being caused to the lives of women through their relative social inferiority. D'Aelders joined women like Olympe de Gouges and Théroigne de Méricourt in her resolute determination to improve the rights of women and mobilise tangible action to drive female equality forward. Biography Etta Lubina Johanna d'Aelders was born int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claude Dansart
Claude may refer to: People and fictional characters * Claude (given name), a list of people and fictional characters * Claude (surname), a list of people * Claude Callegari (1962–2021), English Arsenal supporter * Claude Debussy (1862–1918), French composer * Claude Kiambe (born 2003), Congolese-born Dutch singer * Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908–2009), French anthropologist and ethnologist * Claude Lorrain (c. 1600–1682), French landscape painter, draughtsman and etcher traditionally called just "Claude" in English * Claude Makélélé (born 1973), French football manager * Claude McKay (1890–1948), Jamaican-American writer and poet * Claude Monet (1840–1926), French painter * Claude Rains (1889–1967), British-American actor * Claude Shannon (1916–2001), American mathematician, electrical engineer and computer scientist * Madame Claude (1923–2015), French brothel keeper Fernande Grudet Places * Claude, Texas, a city * Claude, West Virginia, an unincorporated commun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Société Fraternelle De L'un Et L'autre Sexe
The Fraternal Society of Patriots of Both Sexes, Defenders of the Constitution () was a French revolutionary organization notable in the history of feminism as an early example of active participation of women in politics. History The Fraternal Society was founded in October 1790 by Claude Dansard, ''un maître de pension,'' or school master.Aulard and Miall 1910, p. 234 This organization's goal was to provide a civic education that would lead to revolutionary acts becoming a daily occurrence. An original characteristic of this group was the fact that they were widely inclusive to women.Godineau 1998p. 105/ref>Janet K. Boles, Diane Long Hoeveler, ''Historical Dictionary of Feminism'', 2004, , pp.301–302 Originally, the organization's meeting place was an old library room of the disused Dominican (called "Jacobins" in France) convent on Rue Saint-Honoré, the one which hosted the revolutionary Jacobin Club.John Goldworth Alger, ''Glimpses of the French Revolution: Myths, Idea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Condorcet
Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis of Condorcet (; ; 17 September 1743 – 29 March 1794), known as Nicolas de Condorcet, was a French philosopher, political economist, politician, and mathematician. His ideas, including support for free markets, public education, constitutional government, and equal rights for women and people of all races, have been said to embody the ideals of the Age of Enlightenment, of which he has been called the "last witness", and Enlightenment rationalism. A critic of the constitution proposed by Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles in 1793, the Convention Nationale – and the Jacobin faction in particular – voted to have Condorcet arrested. He died in prison after a period of hiding from the French Revolutionary authorities. Early years Condorcet was born in Ribemont (in present-day Aisne), descended from the ancient family of Caritat, who took their title from the town of Condorcet in Dauphiné, of which they were l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (, ; ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher ('' philosophe''), writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of modern political, economic, and educational thought. His '' Discourse on Inequality'', which argues that private property is the source of inequality, and ''The Social Contract'', which outlines the basis for a legitimate political order, are cornerstones in modern political and social thought. Rousseau's sentimental novel '' Julie, or the New Heloise'' (1761) was important to the development of preromanticism and romanticism in fiction. His '' Emile, or On Education'' (1762) is an educational treatise on the place of the individual in society. Rousseau's autobiographical writings—the posthumously published '' Confessions'' (completed in 1770), which initiated the modern autobiography, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
