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Dipsadidae
Dipsadinae is a large subfamily of colubroid snakes, sometimes referred to as a family (Dipsadidae). Species of the subfamily Dipsadinae are found in most of the Americas, including the West Indies, and are most diverse in South America. There are more than 700 member species. Dipsadinae are an ecologically and morphologically diverse group of mostly small to moderate-sized snakes, typically less than in total length. Some are arboreal, but others are aquatic or terrestrial and may even burrow. Most are oviparous. Many eat frogs or lizards, and some consume mammals and birds. Several genera (e.g. ''Adelphicos'', ''Atractus'', ''Geophis'', ''Dipsas'', '' Ninia'', ''Sibon'', ''Sibynomorphus'', ''Tropidodipsas'') are specialized feeders on gooey and slimy prey, such as frog eggs, earthworms, snails, and slugs. Almost all species are completely harmless to humans, although a few genera (e.g. '' Borikenophis'', '' Cubophis'', ''Heterodon'', '' Hydrodynastes'', ''Philodryas'') have in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xenodontinae
Xenodontinae is a subfamily of snakes in the family Colubridae. Xenodontinae are a highly diverse subfamily of snakes, in which many species may look alike, but are actually very different. Their hemipenial morphology serves as a crucial taxonomic tool for distinguishing genera and species. Myers, C. W., & McDowell, S. B. (2014). NEW TAXA AND CRYPTIC SPECIES OF NEOTROPICAL SNAKES (XENODONTINAE), WITH COMMENTARY ON HEMIPENES AS GENERIC AND SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 385, 1–112. The subfamily Xenodontinae encompasses a number of rear-fanged ( opisthoglyphous), mildly venomous snake genera found in South America and the Caribbean. Members of the subfamily Xenodontinae are by definition closer relatives to the genus ''Xenodon'' than they are to the genus ''Dipsas''. Some authors consider Xenodontinae and Dipsadinae to be synonymous. If the two names are used synonymously, then Dipsadinae is the correct name because it is older. Gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colubroidea
Colubroidea is a superfamily of snakes in the clade Colubroides that includes Colubridae, with some studies splitting Colubridae into multiple families that make up Colubroidea. Historically, Colubroidea also included other caenophidian snakes such as cobras and vipers, as these snakes form a clade. However these groups are now divided into several distinct, but related, families. Zaher et al. (2009) proposed to redefine Colubroidea for colubrids and related families, while designating Colubroides as the group containing vipers and cobras as well as colubroids. The ReptileDatabase considers Colubroidea to be composed of Colubridae and the members of its sister group, Elapoidea, and does not recognize the division of Colubridae into multiple families. Classification Phylogeny Families and Subfamilies Usual taxonomy: * Family: Colubridae Nicolaus Michael Oppel, Oppel, 1811 ** Subfamily: Grayiinae Günther, 1858 ** Subfamily: Calamariinae Bonaparte, 1838 ** Subfamily: Ahaetullina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dipsas
''Dipsas'' is a genus of nonvenomous New World snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The genus ''Sibynomorphus'' has been moved here. Species of the genus ''Dipsas'' are known as snail-eaters. Taxonomy The genus ''Dipsas'' includes over 30 distinct species. The following species are recognized as being valid. *'' Dipsas albifrons'' – Sauvage's snail-eater *'' Dipsas alternans'' – Jan's snail-eater *'' Dipsas andiana'' *'' Dipsas aparatiritos'' *'' Dipsas articulata'' – American snail-eater *'' Dipsas baliomelas'' *'' Dipsas bicolor'' – two-colored snail-eater *'' Dipsas bobridgelyi'' – Bob Ridgely's snail-eater *'' Dipsas bothropoides'' *''Dipsas brevifacies'' – snail-eating thirst snake, short-faced snail-eater *'' Dipsas bucephala'' – neotropical snail-eater *'' Dipsas catesbyi'' – Catesby's snail-eater *'' Dipsas chaparensis'' *'' Dipsas cisticeps'' – neotropical snail-eater *'' Dipsas copei'' *'' Dipsas elegans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atractus
''Atractus'' is a genus of Colubridae, colubrid ground snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae. The genus includes more than 140 distinct species. Geographic range Snakes of the genus ''Atractus'' are Endemism, endemic to Central America, Central and South America. Description In the genus ''Atractus'' the maxilla is short, with 8–12 teeth; the maxillary and Mandible, mandibular teeth decrease in size posteriorly. The head is not distinct from the neck. The eye is small, with a round or subelliptic pupil. The nostril is between two nasal scales. The Ocular scales, preocular is usually absent, and the Loreal scale, loreal and prefrontal scales enter the orbit. The body is cylindrical. The dorsal scales are smooth, without apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows. The ventral scales are rounded. The tail can be either short or rather long. The Subcaudal scales, subcaudals are paired. Reproduction The genus ''Atractus'' is Oviparity, oviparous. Species The following species are recognized as b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sibynomorphus
''Dipsas'' is a genus of nonvenomous New World snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The genus ''Sibynomorphus'' has been moved here. Species of the genus ''Dipsas'' are known as snail-eaters. Taxonomy The genus ''Dipsas'' includes over 30 distinct species. The following species are recognized as being valid. *''Dipsas albifrons'' – Sauvage's snail-eater *''Dipsas alternans'' – Jan's snail-eater *''Dipsas andiana'' *''Dipsas aparatiritos'' *''Dipsas articulata'' – American snail-eater *''Dipsas baliomelas'' *''Dipsas bicolor'' – two-colored snail-eater *'' Dipsas bobridgelyi'' – Bob Ridgely's snail-eater *'' Dipsas bothropoides'' *''Dipsas brevifacies'' – snail-eating thirst snake, short-faced snail-eater *'' Dipsas bucephala'' – neotropical snail-eater *''Dipsas catesbyi'' – Catesby's snail-eater *'' Dipsas chaparensis'' *'' Dipsas cisticeps'' – neotropical snail-eater *'' Dipsas copei'' *'' Dipsas elegans'' *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cubophis
''Cubophis'' is a genus of snakes in the family Colubridae.. www.reptile-database.org. They are found in the northwestern Caribbean. Species The following six species are recognized as being valid. *'' Cubophis brooksi'' ( Barbour, 1914) - Little Swan Island, Honduras - Swan Island racer *'' Cubophis cantherigerus'' (Bibron, 1843) - Cuba, Bahamas (Cay Sal Bank) - Cuban racer *'' Cubophis caymanus'' (Garman, 1887) - Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands - Grand Cayman racer *'' Cubophis fuscicauda'' (Garman, 1888) - Cayman Brac, Cayman Islands - Cayman Brac racer *'' Cubophis ruttyi'' ( Grant, 1941) - Little Cayman, Cayman Islands - Little Cayman racer *'' Cubophis vudii'' (Cope A cope ( ("rain coat") or ("cape")) is a liturgical long mantle or cloak, open at the front and fastened at the breast with a band or clasp. It may be of any liturgical colour. A cope may be worn by any rank of the Catholic or Anglican clerg ..., 1862) - Bahamas - Bahamian racer References Further readin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sibon Longifrenis
''Sibon longifrenis'', Stejneger's snail sucker or lichen-colored snail sucker, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is found in Panama, Costa Rica, Honduras and Nicaragua Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America aft .... The ''Sibon longifrenis'' primarily feeds on amphibian eggs, particularly frog eggs, but will also feed on small oligochaetes and mollusks, such as slugs and snails. The absence of amphibian eggs in their diet may result in nutritional deficit and poor body conditions. References * Reptiles described in 1909 Snakes of Central America Reptiles of Panama Reptiles of Costa Rica Reptiles of Honduras Reptiles of Nicaragua Sibon Taxa named by Leonhard Stejneger {{Dipsadinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrodynastes
''Hydrodynastes'' is a small genus of large colubrid snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae. The genus is endemic to South America. Freiberg M (1982). ''Snakes of South America'' Hong Kong: T.F.H. Publications. 189 pp. . (''Hydrodynastes'', pp. 78-79, 99, 132-133 + photographs on pp. 5, 47, 50). Species Two species are recognized. *'' Hydrodynastes bicinctus'' ( Herrmann, 1804) *'' Hydrodynastes gigas'' (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron Gabriel Bibron (20 October 1805 – 27 March 1848) was a French zoologist and herpetologist. He was born in Paris. The son of an employee of the Museum national d'histoire naturelle, he had a good foundation in natural history and was hire ... & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) References Further reading * Fitzinger L (1843). ''Systema Reptilium, Fasciculus Primus, Amblyglossae.'' Vienna: Braumüller & Seidel. 106 pp. + indices. (Genus ''Hydrodynastes'', new genus, p. 25). (in Latin). *Franco FL, Fernandes DS, Bentim BM (2007). "A new species of ''Hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterodon
''Heterodon'' is a genus of harmless colubrid snakes endemic to North America.Platt, Dwight R. 1983. Heterodon'. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 351: 1-2. They are stout with upturned snouts and are perhaps best known for their characteristic threat displays. Three species are currently recognized. Members of the genus are commonly known as hognose snakes, hog-nosed snakes, Wright AH, Wright AA. 1957. ''Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada''. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. (7th printing, 1985). 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes) . (Genus ''Heterodon'', p. 296 + Figure 25 on p. 81 + Map 28 on p. 298.) North American hog-nosed snakes, and colloquially puff adders (though they should not be confused with the venomous African vipers of the genus ''Bitis''). Description Adults grow to in total length. The body is stout and the head is slightly distinct from the neck. The latter is expandable, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central America
Central America is a subregion of North America. Its political boundaries are defined as bordering Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. Central America is usually defined as consisting of seven countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. Within Central America is the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, which extends from southern Mexico to southeastern Panama. Due to the presence of several active geologic faults and the Central America Volcanic Arc, there is a high amount of seismic activity in the region, such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, which has resulted in death, injury, and property damage. Most of Central America falls under the Isthmo-Colombian cultural area. Before the Spanish expedition of Christopher Columbus' voyages to the Americas, hundreds of indigenous peoples made their homes in the area. From the year 1502 onwards, Spain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philodryas
''Philodryas'' is a genus of colubrid snakes endemic to South America, commonly called green snakes. Description Species in the genus ''Philodryas'' share the following characters: Head distinct from neck, with distinct ''canthus rostralis''. Eye moderate or large. Pupil round. Body cylindrical or slightly laterally compressed. Tail long. Dorsal scales arranged in 17 to 23 rows at midbody, more or less obliquely. Subcaudals divided (in two rows). Maxillary teeth smallest anteriorly, 12–15, followed after a gap by two large grooved fangs located just behind the posterior border of the eye. Venom Although colubrid snakes are usually harmless to humans, ''Philodryas'' are opisthoglyphous (rear-fanged) snakes Boulenger GA (1896). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ) ...'' London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xxiv + 7 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ypresian
In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age (geology), age or lowest stage (stratigraphy), stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between , is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by the Eocene Lutetian Age. The Ypresian is consistent with the Lower Eocene (Early Eocene). Events The Ypresian Age begins during the throes of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The Fur Formation in Denmark, the Messel shales in Germany, the Oise amber of France and Cambay amber of India are of this age. The Eocene Okanagan Highlands are an uplands subtropical to temperate series of lakes from the Ypresian. The Ypresian is additionally marked by another warming event called the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). The EECO is the longest sustained warming event in the Cenozoic record, lasting about 2–3 million years between 53 and 50 Ma. The interval is characterized by low oxygen-18 isotopes, high levels of atmospheric pCO2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
