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Cultivation Of Tobacco
The cultivation of tobacco usually takes place annually. The tobacco is germinated in cold frames or hotbeds and then transplanted to the field until it matures. It is grown in warm climates with rich, well-drained soil. About 4.2 million hectares of tobacco were under cultivation worldwide in 2000, yielding over seven million tonnes of tobacco. Sowing and growth Tobacco seeds are scattered onto the surface of the soil, as their germination is activated by light. In colonial Virginia, seedbeds were fertilized with wood ash or animal manure (frequently powdered horse manure). Seedbeds were then covered with branches to protect the young plants from frost damage, and the plants were left alone until around April. In the 19th century, young plants came under increasing attack from certain types of flea beetles, ''Epitrix cucumeris'' or ''Epitrix pubescens'', which destroyed half the U.S. tobacco crops in 1876. In the years afterward, many experiments were attempted and disc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curing Of Tobacco
A cure is a completely effective treatment for a disease. Cure or The Cure, or variants, may also refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Film * ''Cure'' (film), a 1997 film directed by Kiyoshi Kurosawa * ''The Cure'' (1917 film), a short film starring Charlie Chaplin * ''The Cure'' (1995 film), a drama starring Brad Renfro and Joseph Mazzello * ''The Cure'' (2014 film), a thriller starring Antonia Prebble and Daniel Lissing * ''The Cure'' (2019), a British television docudrama about Julie Bailey starring Siân Brooke * '' The Cured'' (2017), an Irish horror film * ''Cured'' (film), a 2020 American documentary film Literature * ''The Cure'', a 1946 novella by Lewis Padgett * ''The Cure'', a 1994 novel by Carlo Gébler * ''The Cure'', a 1999 novel by Sonia Levitin * ''The Cure'', a 2003 novel by Jack D. Hunter * ''Cure'', a 2010 novel by Robin Cook * ''The Cure'', a 2013 novel by Douglas E. Richards * ''The Cure'', a 2015 novel by JG Faherty * ''The Cure'', a 2018 n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malawi
Malawi, officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast, and Mozambique to the east, south, and southwest. Malawi spans over and has an estimated population of 21,240,689 (as of 2024). Lilongwe is its capital and largest city, while the next three largest cities are Blantyre, Mzuzu, and Zomba, the former capital. The part of Africa now known as Malawi was settled around the 10th century by the Akafula, also known as the Abathwa. Later, the Bantu groups came and drove out the Akafula and formed various kingdoms such as the Maravi and Nkhamanga kingdoms, among others that flourished from the 16th century. In 1891, the area was colonised by the British as the British Central African Protectorate, and it was renamed '' Nyasaland'' in 1907. In 1964, Nyasaland became an independent country as a Commonwealth realm under Prime Minister Hastings Banda, and was rena ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contract Farming
Contract farming involves agricultural production being carried out on the basis of an agreement between the buyer and farm producers. Sometimes it involves the buyer specifying the quality required and the price, with the farmer agreeing to deliver at a future date. More commonly, however, contracts outline conditions for the production of farm products and for their delivery to the buyer's premises. Contract Farming Resource Centre, FAO, Rome, 2008. The farmer undertakes to supply agreed quantities of a crop or livestock product, based on the quality standards and delivery requirements of the purchaser. In return, the buyer, usually a company, agrees to buy the product, often at a price that is established in advance. The company often also agrees to support the farmer through, e.g., supplying inputs, assisting with land preparation, providing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Tobacco Research Institute
National Institute for Research on Commercial Agriculture (NIRCA) or also known as ICAR-NIRCA is a central research established in 1947 under the aegis of Indian Central Tobacco Committee (ICTC), Madras. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) took over the control of functioning the institute in 1965. It is situated at Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. History In 1945, Government of India constituted Indian Central Tobacco Committee (ICTC) to improve the research activities and production of tobacco in India. To improve research activities, quality control and production of Tobacco, the institute is established in 1947 which was later undertaken by ICAR. A Tale of National Institute For Research on Commercial Agriculture –Transformation from CTRI TO NIRCA Contribution of Tobacco Crop to Indian Economy Tobacco is a highly profitable commercial cash crop. It has vast potential to generate income for the farmers, providing employment for over 45 million stakehold ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anand, Gujarat
Anand is a city and the administrative centre of Anand District in the state of Gujarat, India. It is administered by Anand Municipal Corporation. It is part of the region known as Charotar, consisting of Anand and Kheda district, Kheda districts. Anand is Former Part Of Kheda district, Kaira District (now Kheda) in British Raj. Anand is known as the "Milk Capital of India". It became famous for Amul dairy and its milk revolution by the Amul trinity: Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel, Tribhuvandas Patel, Verghese Kurien and H. M. Dalaya. This city hosts the Head Office of Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd (GCMMF), the National Dairy Development Board, NDDB of India,the Institute of Rural Management Anand, Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA), Vidya Dairy and the Anand Agricultural University. Another famous educational hub is Vallabh Vidyanagar, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, an educational suburb of Anand which has institutes like BVM (Birla Vishvkarma Mahavidhyalaya), w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kheda District
Kheda District, known as Kaira District during British rule, is one of the thirty-three districts of Gujarat state in western India. It is part of the region known as Charotar, consisting of Kheda and Anand districts. Kheda was an administrative capital during British rule. Nadiad is now the administrative headquarters of the district. History Formerly known as Kaira district, it was divided in two with the southern part becoming Anand district in 1997. The Charotar region of Kaira consisted of four talukas (sub-districts): Nadiad, Anand, Borsad, and Petlad. When the district was divided, Nadiad Taluka went with Kheda district and the other three with Anand district. Today, Kheda has eleven talukas. Balasinor and Virpur, once in Kheda district, were moved to the newly formed Mahisagar district in 2013. During the Indian independence movement in the first half of the 20th century, the Patidars of the Charotar region and other areas in Kaira resisted the British in a num ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Tobacco Monopoly Administration
China National Tobacco Corporation (), branded as China Tobacco (中国烟草), is a national key state-owned corporation with chartered monopoly status in China to manufacture and sell tobacco products. The State Tobacco Monopoly Administration () is a Chinese government agency responsible for national tobacco monopoly regulation. Under the policy of one institution with two names, the two agencies are co-located in the same office and share the same website. China Tobacco enjoys a legal monopoly in the country, accounting for 96% of cigarette sales in the country, and is the world's largest manufacturer of tobacco products measured by revenues. It exports a small proportion of its production, mostly to Asian markets. History In 1981, Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping established the China National Tobacco Corporation in order to modernize the previously chaotic tobacco market in China. In 1983, the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration was also established. A major objective ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tobacco Transition Payment Program
The Fair and Equitable Tobacco Reform Act is a component of the American Jobs Creation Act, passed in the United States in October 2004. The main component of the Fair and Equitable Tobacco Reform Act is the Tobacco Transition Payment Program (TTPP, otherwise known as the "Tobacco Buyout"), which was formalized by the United States Department of Agriculture in February 2005. Tobacco Transition Payment Program The Tobacco Buyout ended all aspects of the federal tobacco marketing quota and price support loan programs that were established by the Agricultural Adjustment Act The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was a United States federal law of the New Deal era designed to boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses. The government bought livestock for slaughter and paid farmers Subsidy, subsidies not to plant ... in 1938. Beginning in 2005, there were no planting restrictions, no marketing cards, and no price support loans, all traditional components of tobacco agricultur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of the longest-running newspapers in the United States, the ''Times'' serves as one of the country's Newspaper of record, newspapers of record. , ''The New York Times'' had 9.13 million total and 8.83 million online subscribers, both by significant margins the List of newspapers in the United States, highest numbers for any newspaper in the United States; the total also included 296,330 print subscribers, making the ''Times'' the second-largest newspaper by print circulation in the United States, following ''The Wall Street Journal'', also based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' is published by the New York Times Company; since 1896, the company has been chaired by the Ochs-Sulzberger family, whose current chairman and the paper's publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
