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Crop Wild Relative
A crop wild relative (CWR) is a wild plant closely related to a domesticated plant. It may be a wild ancestor of the domesticated (cultivated) plant or another closely related taxon. Overview The wild relatives of crop plants constitute an increasingly important resource for improving agricultural production and for maintaining sustainable agro-ecosystems. Their natural selection in the wild accumulates a rich set of useful traits that can be introduced into crop plants by crossing. With the advent of anthropogenic climate change and greater ecosystem instability CWRs are likely to prove a critical resource in ensuring food security for the new millennium. It was Nikolai Vavilov, the Russian botanist who first realized the importance of crop wild relatives in the early 20th century. Genetic material from CWRs has been utilized by humans for thousands of years to improve the quality and yield of crops. Farmers have used traditional breeding methods for millennia, wild maize (' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wild Emmer Wheat
Wild, wild, wilds or wild may refer to: Common meanings * Wilderness, a wild natural environment * Wildlife, an undomesticated organism * Wildness, the quality of being wild or untamed Art, media and entertainment Film and television * Wild (2014 film), ''Wild'' (2014 film), a 2014 American film from the 2012 book * Wild (2016 film), ''Wild'' (2016 film), a 2016 German film * ''The Wild'', a 2006 Disney 3D animation film * Wild (TV series), ''Wild'' (TV series), a 2006 American documentary television series * The Wilds (TV series), ''The Wilds'' (TV series), a 2020 television series Literature * ''Wild: From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail'' a 2012 non-fiction book by Cheryl Strayed * ''Wild, An elemental Journey'', a 2006 autobiographical book by Jay Griffiths * The Wild (novel), ''The Wild'' (novel), a 1991 novel by Whitley Strieber * ''The Wild'', a science fiction novel by David Zindell * ''The Wilds'', a 1998 limited-edition horror novel by Richard Laymon Music * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ex-situ Conservation
Svalbard Global Seed Bank, an ' conservation ''Ex situ'' conservation () is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety, or breed of plant or animal outside its natural habitat. For example, by removing part of the population from a threatened habitat and placing it in a new location, an artificial environment which is similar to the natural habitat of the respective animal and within the care of humans, such as a zoological park or wildlife sanctuary. The degree to which humans control or modify the natural dynamics of the managed population varies widely, and this may include alteration of living environments, reproductive patterns, access to resources, and protection from predation and mortality. ''Ex situ'' management can occur within or outside a species' natural geographic range. Individuals maintained ''ex situ'' exist outside an ecological niche. This means that they are not under the same selection pressures as wild populations, and they may undergo arti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oryza Rufipogon
''Oryza rufipogon'' is a species of flowering plant in the family ''Poaceae''. It is known as brownbeard rice, wild rice, and red rice. In 1965, ''Oryza nivara'' was separated off from ''O. rufipogon''. The separation has been questioned, and now many sources consider ''O. nivara'' to be a synonym of ''O. rufipogon''. ''O. nivara'' may be treated as the annual form of ''O. rufipogon''. It is native to East-, Southeast- and South- Asia. It has a close evolutionary relation to ''Oryza sativa'', the plant grown as a major rice food crop throughout the world. ''Oryza nivara'' is a possible wild progenitor of cultivated rice. Both have an AA genome. Description For those who accept ''Oryza nivara'' as a separate species, it is an annual, short to intermediate height (usually <) grass; panicles usually compact, rarely open; spikelets large, long and wide, with strong awn ( long); anthers long. It grows in shallow water up to , in seasonally dry and ope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rice
Rice is a cereal grain and in its Domestication, domesticated form is the staple food of over half of the world's population, particularly in Asia and Africa. Rice is the seed of the grass species ''Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice)—or, much less commonly, ''Oryza glaberrima'' (African rice). Asian rice was domesticated in China some 13,500 to 8,200 years ago; African rice was domesticated in Africa about 3,000 years ago. Rice has become commonplace in many cultures worldwide; in 2023, 800 million tons were produced, placing it third after sugarcane and maize. Only some 8% of rice is traded internationally. China, India, and Indonesia are the largest consumers of rice. A substantial amount of the rice produced in developing nations is lost after harvest through factors such as poor transport and storage. Rice yields can be reduced by pests including insects, rodents, and birds, as well as by weeds, and by List of rice diseases, diseases such as rice blast. Traditional rice polyc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hordeum Spontaneum
''Hordeum spontaneum'', commonly known as wild barley or spontaneous barley, is the wild form of the grass in the family Poaceae that gave rise to the cereal barley (''Hordeum vulgare''). Domestication is thought to have occurred on two occasions, first about ten thousand years ago in the Fertile Crescent and again later, several thousand kilometres further east. Description Wild barley is an annual grass and is very similar in form to cultivated barley (''Hordeum vulgare'') but has slightly narrower leaves, longer stems, longer awns, a brittle rachis, a longer, more slender seed spike and smaller grains. Characteristics of the wild plant that enhance its survival and dispersal include the brittle rachis (the central part of the seed head), which breaks when the grain is ripe, and the hulled seeds, which are arranged in two rows. In cultivated varieties, the rachis is more durable and the seeds are usually arranged in two or six rows. In the east, barley is usually grown for hum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hordeum Arizonicum
''Hordeum arizonicum'' is a species of wild barley known by the common name Arizona barley. It is native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States, where it grows in wet spots in desert regions, such as irrigation ditches. It can grow in somewhat saline soils. This is an annual or perennial grass forming erections 20 to 70 cm high. The inflorescence In botany, an inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a plant's Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branches. An inflorescence is categorized on the basis of the arrangement of flowers on a mai ... is a spike up to about 12 cm long made up of spikelets up to about 3 cm long each, usually tipped with awns. External linksJepson Manual Treatment [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barley
Barley (), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains; it was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent around 9000 BC, giving it nonshattering spikelets and making it much easier to harvest. Its use then spread throughout Eurasia by 2000 BC. Barley prefers relatively low temperatures and well-drained soil to grow. It is relatively tolerant of drought and soil salinity, but is less winter-hardy than wheat or rye. In 2023, barley was fourth among grains in quantity produced, 146 million tonnes, behind maize, rice, and wheat. Globally, 70% of barley production is used as animal feed, while 30% is used as a source of fermentable material for beer, or further distilled into whisky, and as a component of various foods. It is used in soups and stews and in barley bread of various cultures. Barley grains are commonly made into malt using a traditional and ancient method of preparatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eleusine Africana
''Eleusine'' is a genus of Asian, African, and South American plants in the grass family,Gaertner, Joseph. 1788. De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum 1: pages 7–8 descriptions and figure captions in LatinGaertner, Joseph. 1788. De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum 1: Plate I (1), figure XI (11 a-i) line drawings of ''Eleusine coracana'' sometimes called by the common name goosegrass. One species, '' Eleusine indica'', is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finger Millet
Finger millet (''Eleusine coracana'') is an Annual plant, annual herbaceous plant widely grown as a cereal crop in the arid and Semi-arid climate, semiarid areas in Africa and Asia. It is a tetraploid and Self-pollination, self-pollinating species probably evolved from its wild relative ''Eleusine africana''. Finger millet is native to the Ethiopian Highlands, Ethiopian and Ugandan highlands. Interesting crop characteristics of finger millet are the ability to withstand cultivation at altitudes over above sea level, its high drought tolerance, and the long storage time of the grains. History Finger millet originated in East Africa (Ethiopian and Ugandan highlands). It was claimed to have been found in an Indian archaeological site dated to 1800 BCE (Late Bronze Age); however, this was subsequently demonstrated to be incorrectly identified cleaned grains of hulled millets. The oldest record of finger millet comes from an archaeological site in Africa dating to the 3rd millenni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chenopodium Berlandieri
''Chenopodium berlandieri'', also known by the common names pitseed goosefoot, lamb's quarters (or lambsquarters), and ''huauzontle'' (Nahuatl) is an annual plant, annual herbaceous plant in the family Amaranthaceae. The species is widespread in North America, where its Range (biology), range extends from Canada south to Michoacán, Mexico. It is found in every U.S. state except Hawaii. The fast-growing, upright plant can reach heights of more than 3 m. It can be differentiated from most of the other members of its large genus by its honeycomb-pitted seeds, and further separated by its serrated, evenly lobed (more or less) lower leaves. Although widely regarded as a weed, this species was once one of several plants cultivated by Native Americans in the United States, Native Americans in prehistoric North America as part of the Eastern Agricultural Complex. ''C. berlandieri'' was a domestication, domesticated pseudocereal crop, similar to the closely related quinoa ''C. quinoa.'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quinoa
Quinoa (''Chenopodium quinoa''; , from Quechuan languages, Quechua ' or ') is a flowering plant in the Amaranthaceae, amaranth family. It is a herbaceous annual plant grown as a crop primarily for its edible seeds; the seeds are high in protein, dietary fiber, B vitamins and mineral (nutrient), dietary minerals especially potassium and magnesium in amounts greater than in many grains. Quinoa is not a Poaceae, grass but rather a pseudocereal botany, botanically related to spinach and amaranth (''Amaranthus'' spp.), and originated in the Andes, Andean region of northwestern South America. It was first used to feed livestock 5,2007,000 years ago, and for human consumption 3,0004,000 years ago in the Lake Titicaca basin of Peru and Bolivia. The plant thrives at high elevations and produces seeds that are rich in protein. Almost all production in the Andean region is done by small farms and associations. Its cultivation has spread to more than 70 countries, including Kenya, India, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avena Byzantina
''Avena byzantina'', red oats, is a species of cultivated oat in the family ''Poaceae Poaceae ( ), also called Gramineae ( ), is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos, the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivate ...''. It is native to Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, the Transcaucasus, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. Cultivated for thousands of years, it is better suited to warmer conditions than white or common oats ('' Avena sativa''), but is often sown as a notill winter crop. There are 564 landraces and 203 cultivars of red oats listed in the European Plant Genetic Resources Search Catalogue (EURISCO). Approximately 10% of the millions of hectares worldwide under oats are devoted to red oats, principally for fodder. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q15507675 Oats Cereals Fodder byzantina Plants described in 1848 Taxa named by Karl Koch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
