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Cortinarius Schaefferanus
''Cortinarius'' is a globally distributed genus of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Its members are commonly known by the names cortinar and webcap. It is suspected to be the largest genus of agarics, containing over 2,000 widespread species. Young specimens have a cortina (veil) between the cap and the stem, hence the name. Most of the fibres of the cortina are ephemeral and leave no more than limited remnants on the stem or cap edge. All species have a rusty brown spore print. Several species (such as '' C. orellanus'') are highly toxic and many species are difficult to distinguish, making their consumption inadvisable. Taxonomy Molecular studies of members of the genus ''Rozites'', including its most famous member ''R. caperata'', have shown them nested within ''Cortinarius'' and have been sunk into this genus. This genus was erected on the basis of a double veil, yet its members do not form a discrete lineage and lie nested within ''Cortinarius''. Hence the ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Archeri
''Cortinarius archeri'', commonly known as the purple emperor, or the emperor cortinar, is a species of mushroom in the genus ''Cortinarius'' native to Australia. The distinctive mushrooms have bright purple caps that glisten with slime, and appear in autumn in eucalypt forests. Taxonomy English clergyman Miles Joseph Berkeley described ''Cortinarius archeri'' in 1860 from a specimen collected in Cheshunt House, Cheshunt, Tasmania in April 1856. The species name honours the collector—naturalist William Archer (architect), William Archer, who was the secretary of the Royal Society of Tasmania. In 1891, the German botanist Otto Kuntze published ''Revisio generum plantarum'', his response to what he perceived as poor method in existing nomenclatural practice. He called the species ''Gomphos archeri'', citing the genus ''Gomphos'' as described by Giovanni Antonio Battarra in 1755 taking precedence over ''Cortinarius''. However, Kuntze's revisionary programme was not accepted by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Caperatus
''Cortinarius caperatus'' is a fungi species of the genus ''Cortinarius''. It was known as ''Rozites caperata'' for many years before genetic studies revealed that it belonged to the genus ''Cortinarius''. The Latin specific name, ''caperatus'', means wrinkled, and refers to the distinctive texture of the cap. The ochre-coloured cap is up to 10 cm (4 in) across and has a fibrous surface. The clay-colored gills are attached to the stipe under the cap, and the stipe is whitish with a whitish ring. The flesh has a mild smell and flavor. It can resemble a number of other species, including the poisonous '' Inosperma erubescens'' in central Europe in summer. Fruiting bodies of ''C. caperatus'' appear in northern parts of Europe and North America in addition to temperate Asia. They can be found in coniferous and beech woods in autumn as well as heathlands in late summer and autumn. The mushrooms have been found to bioaccumulate mercury and radioactive isotopes of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australasian Mycologist
Australasia is a subregion of Oceania, comprising Australia, New Zealand (overlapping with Polynesia), and sometimes including New Guinea and surrounding islands (overlapping with Melanesia). The term is used in a number of different contexts, including geopolitically, physiogeographically, philologically, and ecologically, where the term covers several slightly different but related regions. Derivation and definitions Charles de Brosses coined the term (as French ''Australasie'') in ''Histoire des navigations aux terres australes'' (1756). He derived it from the Latin for "south of Asia" and differentiated the area from Polynesia (to the east) and the southeast Pacific ( Magellanica). In the late 19th century, the term Australasia was used in reference to the "Australasian colonies". In this sense it related specifically to the British colonies south of Asia: New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia, Victoria (i.e., the Australian colonies) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushroom Dye
Mushrooms can be used to create color Dye#Synthetic dyes, dyes via color-extraction with a solvent (often ammonia) as well as particulation of raw material. The Sarcodon imbricatus, shingled hedgehog mushroom and related species contain blue-green pigments, which are used for dyeing wool in Norway. The fruiting body of ''Hydnellum peckii'' can be used to produce a beige color when no mordant is used, and shades of blue or green depending on the mordant added. ''Phaeolus schweinitzii'' produces green, yellow, gold, or brown colors, depending on the material dyed and the mordant used. See also *''Aspergillus oryzae'', ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'', ''Saccharomyces boulardii'' *Mycelium *Mycofiltration *Mycorrhiza - Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Arbuscular, Ectomycorrhiza, Ecto, Ericoid mycorrhiza, Ericoid References {{reflist Fungi and humans Natural dyes Fungi used for fiber dyes, * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Sanguineus
''Cortinarius sanguineus'', commonly known as the blood red webcap or blood red cortinarius, is a species of fungus in the genus ''Cortinarius''. Taxonomy Austrian naturalist Franz Xaver von Wulfen described the species as ''Agaricus sanguineus'' in 1781, reporting that it appeared in the fir tree forests around Klagenfurt and Ebenthal and in October. He noted that it was very pretty but inedible. The specific epithet is the Latin word ''sanguineus'', meaning "bloody". Samuel Frederick Gray established ''Cortinarius'' as a genus in 1821, recording the species as ''Cortinaria sanguinea'' "the bloody curtain-stool". Friedrich Otto Wünsche described it as ''Dermocybe sanguinea'' in 1877. Most mycologists retain ''Dermocybe'' as merely a subgenus of ''Cortinarius'' as genetically all the species lie within the latter genus. It is closely related to '' Cortinarius puniceus'', which grows under oak and beech from England and France. Description The dark blood-red cap is convex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Praestans
''Cortinarius praestans'', also known as the goliath webcap, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus ''Cortinarius''. The mushroom has orangish-yellow caps that reach up to in diameter, and thick club-shaped stipes up to long. The edible mushroom is found in Europe. Taxonomy The species was first described as ''Agaricus praestans'' by the French botanist François Simon Cordier in 1870. It is commonly known as the "goliath webcap". Description left Mature caps are convex, usually grooved at the rolled-in margins, and typically reach diameters between . The surface color of the cap is chestnut or chocolate-brown with violet-copper tint. It has a light covering of surface fibrils and veil remnants that may appear as if pressed against the surface, or like small scales. The gills are whitish with an amethyst tint then later creamy clay- to rust-colored. They are crowded closely together, and have edges that are usually wavy and scalloped. The stem is long and thick, solid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orellanine
Orellanine or orellanin is a mycotoxin found in a group of mushrooms known as the Orellani within the family Cortinariaceae. Structurally, it is a pyridine N-oxide, bipyridine N-oxide compound somewhat related to the herbicide diquat. History Orellanine first came to people's attention in 1952 when a mass poisoning of 102 people in Konin, Poland, resulted in 11 deaths. Orellanine comes from a class of mushrooms that fall under the genus ''Cortinarius,'' and has been found in the species ''Cortinarius orellanus, C. orellanus'', ''Cortinarius rubellus, rubellus'', ''henrici'', ''Cortinarius rainierensis, rainerensis'' and ''bruneofulvus''. Poisonings related to these mushrooms have occurred predominately in Europe where mushroom foraging was common, though cases of orellanine poisoning have been reported in North America and Australia as well. There are several reported cases of people ingesting orellanine-containing mushrooms after mistaking them for Edible mushroom, edible or Psilo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blewit
Blewit refers to two closely related species of edible agarics in the genus '' Collybia'', the wood blewit ('' Collybia nuda'', formerly ''Clitocybe nuda'' or ''Lepista nuda'') and the field blewit or blue-leg ('' C. personata'', formerly ''Clitocybe personata'', ''Lepista personata'', or ''Lepista saeva''). Classification Both species were treated by many authorities as belonging to the genus '' Lepista''. Recent molecular research suggested the genus ''Lepista'' is nested within '' Clitocybe''Moncalvo JM. et al. (2002)One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 23:357–400 but they were reclassified as ''Collybia'' in 2023. Edibility Both wood blewits and field blewits are edible. Field blewits are often infested with fly larvae and do not store very well; they should therefore be used soon after picking. They are also very porous, so they are best picked on a dry day. The blewits are considered excellent mushrooms, despite their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edible Mushroom
Edible mushrooms are the fleshy fruit bodies of numerous species of macrofungi (fungi that bear fruiting structures large enough to be seen with the naked eye). Edibility may be defined by criteria including the absence of poisonous effects on humans and desirable taste and aroma. Mushrooms that have a particularly desirable taste are described as "''choice''". Edible mushrooms are consumed for their nutritional and culinary value. Mushrooms, especially dried shiitake, are sources of umami flavor. To ensure safety, wild mushrooms must be correctly identified before their edibility can be assumed. Deadly poisonous mushrooms that are frequently confused with edible mushrooms include several species of the genus ''Amanita'', particularly '' A. phalloides'', the death cap. Some mushrooms that are edible for most people can cause allergic reactions in others; old or improperly stored specimens can go rancid and cause food poisoning. Additionally, mushrooms can absor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
Interstitial nephritis, also known as tubulointerstitial nephritis, is inflammation of the area of the kidney known as the renal interstitium, which consists of a collection of cells, extracellular matrix, and fluid surrounding the renal tubules. It is also known as intestinal nephritis because the clinical picture may in some cases of acute pyelonephritis include mesenteric lymphadenitis (mostly due to use of NSAIDs). More specifically, in case of recurrent urinary tract infection, secondary infection can spread to adjacent intestine. In addition to providing a scaffolding support for the tubular architecture, the interstitium has been shown to participate in the fluid and electrolyte exchange as well as endocrine functions of the kidney. There are a variety of known factors that can provoke the inflammatory process within the renal interstitium, including pharmacologic, environmental, infectious and systemic disease contributors. The spectrum of disease presentation can range ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycorrhiza
A mycorrhiza (; , mycorrhiza, or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant's rhizosphere, the plant root system and its surroundings. Mycorrhizae play important roles in plant nutrition, soil biology, and soil chemistry. In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus colonizes the host plant's root tissues, either intracellularly as in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, or extracellularly as in ectomycorrhizal fungi. The association is normally mutualistic. In particular species, or in particular circumstances, mycorrhizae may have a parasitic association with host plants. Definition A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a green plant and a fungus. The plant makes organic molecules by photosynthesis and supplies them to the fungus in the form of sugars or lipids, while the fungus supplies the plant with water and mineral nutrients, such as phosphorus, taken from the soil. Myco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual reproduction, sexual (in fungi) or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for biological dispersal, dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the Biological life cycle, life cycles of many plants, algae, fungus, fungi and protozoa. They were thought to have appeared as early as the mid-late Ordovician period as an adaptation of early land plants. Bacterial spores are not part of a sexual cycle, but are resistant structures used for survival under unfavourable conditions. Myxozoan spores release amoeboid infectious germs ("amoebulae") into their hosts for parasitic infection, but also reproduce within the hosts through the pairing of two nuclei within the plasmodium, which develops from the amoebula. In plants, spores are usually haploid and unicellular and are produced by meiosis in the sporangium of a diploid sporophyte. In some rare cases, a diploid spore is also p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
