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Comparison Of Cantonese Transcription Systems
The chart below shows the difference between S. L. Wong (romanisation), S. L. Wong (romanization), Guangdong Romanization, ILE romanization of Cantonese, Jyutping, Yale romanization of Cantonese, Yale, Sidney Lau romanisation, Sidney Lau, Meyer–Wempe, along with Help:IPA/Cantonese, IPA, S. L. Wong (phonetic symbols), S. L. Wong phonetic symbols and Cantonese Bopomofo. Chart Initials Finals Tones {, class="wikitable sortable" , - !IPA !Jyutping !ILE !Yale !GuangdongRomanization !SidneyLau , - , íː , i1 , i1 , ī , i1 , i1˚ , - , îː , i1 , i1 , ì , i1 , i1 , - , ǐː , i2 , i2 , í , i2 , i2 , - , īː , i3 , i3 , i , i3 , i3 , - , i̭ː , i4 , i4 , ìh , i4 , i4 , - , i̬ː , i5 , i5 , íh , i5 , i5 , - , ìː , i6 , i6 , ih , i6 , i6 , - , ɪ́k̚ , ik1 , ik7 , īk , ig1 , ik1 , - , ɪ̄k̚ , ik3 , ik8 , ik , ig3 , ik3 , - , ɪ̀k̚ , ik6 , ik9 , ihk , ig6 , ik6 Languages of Hong Kong Cantonese romanisation Comparisons, Cantonese romanization systems ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guangdong Romanization
Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka and Hainanese. The schemes utilized similar elements with some differences in order to adapt to their respective spoken varieties. In certain respects, Guangdong romanization resembles pinyin in its distinction of the alveolar initials ''z'', ''c'', ''s'' from the alveolo-palatal initials ''j'', ''q'', ''x'' and in its use of ''b'', ''d'', ''g'' to represent the unaspirated stop consonants . In addition, it makes use of the medial ''u'' before the rime rather than representing it as ''w'' in the initial when it follows ''g'' or ''k''. Guangdong romanization makes use of diacritics to represent certain vowels. This includes the use of the circumflex, acute accent and diaeresis in the letters ''ê'', ''é'' and ''ü'', respectively. In addition, it uses ''-b'', ''-d'', ''-g'' to represent the coda c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ILE Romanization Of Cantonese
The Institute of Language in Education Scheme () also known as the ''List of Cantonese Pronunciation of Commonly-used Chinese Characters'' romanization scheme (), ILE scheme, and Cantonese Pinyin, is a romanization system for Cantonese developed by Ping-Chiu Thomas Yu () in 1971, and subsequently modified by the Education Department of Hong Kong (now the Education Bureau) and Zhan Bohui (詹伯慧) of the Chinese Dialects Research Centre of the Jinan University, Guangdong, PRC, and honorary professor of the School of Chinese, University of Hong Kong. It is the only romanization system accepted by Education and Manpower Bureau of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority. The Institute of Education in its name refers to the Institute of Language in Education (), which later became part of the Hong Kong Institute of Education, now the Education University of Hong Kong. Pinyin The ILE system directly corresponds to the S. L. Wong system, an IPA-based phon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jyutping
The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme, also known as Jyutping, is a romanisation system for Cantonese developed in 1993 by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK). The name ''Jyutping'' (itself the Jyutping romanisation of its Chinese name, ) is a contraction of the official name, and it consists of the first Chinese characters of the terms ''jyut6 jyu5'' () and ''ping3 jam1'' (; pronounced '' pīnyīn'' in Mandarin). Despite being intended as a system to indicate pronunciation, it has also been employed in —in effect, elevating Jyutping from its assistive status to a written language. History The Jyutping system departs from all previous Cantonese romanisation systems (approximately 12, including Robert Morrison's pioneering work of 1828, and the widely used Standard Romanization, Yale and Sidney Lau systems) by introducing z and c initials and the use of eo and oe in finals, as well as replacing the initial y, used in all previous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yale Romanization Of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook ''Speak Cantonese'' initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, is represented as ''b'' in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, is represented as ''p''. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization. Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore . Initials Finals * Only the finals ''m'' and ''ng'' can be used as standalone nasal syllables. Tones Modern Can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sidney Lau Romanisation
Sidney Lau romanisation is a system of romanisation for Cantonese that was developed in the 1970s by Sidney Lau for teaching Cantonese to Hong Kong Government expatriates. It is based on the Hong Kong Government's Standard Romanisation which was the result of the work of James D. Ball and Ernst J. Eitel about a century earlier. Innovation Lau's romanisation indicates tonality with superscript numbers, so no diacritics are required. His system was a plain attempt at simplification which proved popular with western learners of Cantonese as a second language and was initially the system of romanisation adopted by the University of Hong Kong. However, the university now employs the Jyutping The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme, also known as Jyutping, is a romanisation system for Cantonese developed in 1993 by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK). The name ''Jyutping'' (itself the Jyutping ro ... system for its Cantonese courses. Initia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meyer–Wempe
Meyer–Wempe romanization was the system used by two Roman Catholic missionaries in Hong Kong, Bernard F. Meyer and Theodore F. Wempe, for romanizing Cantonese in their ''Student's Cantonese English Dictionary'' published in 1935. Provenance Although some attribute development of the system to them, there was nothing new in it as their entire schema followed the system devised in the last decade of the 19th century known as Standard Romanization (SR), which, in turn, was almost identical to John Chalmers' system of 1870. Chalmers' system was significant in that it was the first system to virtually do away with diacritics entirely, the sole survivor being his final ö, which is eu in the Standard Romanization while being in this one oeh. Initials The distinction between the alveolar sibilants (, , and ) and alveolo-palatal sibilants (, , and ) has been lost in modern Cantonese, though the distinction still existed at the time this system was devised. See Cantonese phonol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantonese Bopomofo
Cantonese Bopomofo, or Cantonese Phonetic Symbols ( zh, t=粵語注音符號, s=粤语注音符号, first=t, j=jyut6 jyu5 zyu3 jam1 fu4 hou6, cy=Yuht-yúh jyu-yām fùh-houh) is an extended set of Bopomofo characters used to transcribe Yue Chinese and, specifically, its prestige Cantonese dialect. It was first introduced in early 1930s, and then standardized in 1950. It fell into disuse along with the original Bopomofo for Mandarin Chinese in the late 1950s. History The first system of phonetic characters for Cantonese was introduced in "Phonetic vocabulary of Cantonese characters for instruction of literacy to the people", 1931, by Ziu Ngaating. His system became a basis for the modern one, accepted in 1950 by the Guangdong Culture and Education department. In 1932, however, a different system was published in a draft by the Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation with supplementary symbols for non-Mandarin Sinitic languages, including Cantonese. Symbols Bopomofo for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Hong Kong
During the British Hong Kong, British colonial era, English was the sole official language until 1978. Today, the Hong Kong Basic Law, Basic Law of Hong Kong states that English_language, English and Chinese_language, Chinese are the two official languages of Hong Kong. All roads and government signs are bilingual, and both languages are used in academia, business and the courts, as well as in most government materials today. Cantonese Chinese As the majority of the population in Hong Kong are descendants of migrants from China's Guangdong, Canton Province, the vast majority speak standard Cantonese or other Yue Chinese varieties as a first language, with smaller numbers of speakers of Hakka Language or the Teochew dialect of Southern Min. Multilingual Hong Kong In addition, immigrants and expatriates from the West and other Asian countries have contributed much to Hong Kong's linguistic and demographic diversity. The geographical element of this diversity can be seen in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantonese Romanisation
Cantonese is the traditional prestige variety of Yue Chinese, a Sinitic language belonging to the Sino-Tibetan language family. It originated in the city of Guangzhou (formerly known as Canton) and its surrounding Pearl River Delta. While the term ''Cantonese'' specifically refers to the prestige variety, in linguistics it has often been used to refer to the entire Yue subgroup of Chinese, including related but partially mutually intelligible varieties like Taishanese. Cantonese is viewed as a vital and inseparable part of the cultural identity for its native speakers across large swaths of southeastern China, Hong Kong and Macau, as well as in overseas communities. In mainland China, it is the ''lingua franca'' of the province of Guangdong (being the majority language of the Pearl River Delta) and neighbouring areas such as Guangxi. It is also the dominant and co-official language of Hong Kong and Macau. Furthermore, Cantonese is widely spoken among overseas Chinese in Southe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
