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Clark's Nutcracker
Clark's nutcracker (''Nucifraga columbiana''), sometimes referred to as Clark's crow or woodpecker crow, is a passerine bird in the family Corvidae, native to the mountains of western North America. The nutcracker is an omnivore, but subsists mainly on pine nuts, burying seeds in the ground in the summer and then retrieving them in the winter by memory. The bird was described by the Lewis and Clark Expedition, with William Clark (explorer), William Clark first observing it in 1805 along the banks of the Salmon River (Washington), Salmon River, a tributary of the Columbia River. Etymology and history Clark's nutcracker's scientific name literally means "nutcracker of the Columbia". In 1806 Meriwether Lewis recorded a more detailed description. A skin collected by the expedition was obtained by the ornithologist Alexander Wilson (ornithologist), Alexander Wilson, who used it to produce an engraving for his ''American Ornithology'' work. Taxonomy Originally placed in the genus ''C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Deschutes National Forest
The Deschutes National Forest is a United States national forest (NF) located in Central Oregon, in parts of Deschutes, Klamath, Lake, and Jefferson counties. It was established in 1908, with border changes following in 1911 and 1915. The forest now encompasses almost along the east side of the Cascade Range. The forest is bordered to the south by the Fremont–Winema NF, to the southwest by the Umpqua NF, and to the west by the Willamette NF. The Deschutes NF hosts official preservation areas, various biology, and recreational activities. History The Deschutes National Forest was established in 1908 from parts of the Blue Mountains, Cascade, and Fremont national forests (NFs). In 1911, parts of the Deschutes were split off to form the Ochoco and Paulina NFs, with parts of the Cascade and Oregon NFs being added to the Deschutes; in 1915, the Paulina NF was absorbed back into the Deschutes. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
New Mexico
New Mexico is a state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States. It is one of the Mountain States of the southern Rocky Mountains, sharing the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and Arizona. It also borders the state of Texas to the east and southeast, Oklahoma to the northeast, and shares Mexico-United States border, an international border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua (state), Chihuahua and Sonora to the south. New Mexico's largest city is Albuquerque, and its List of capitals in the United States, state capital is Santa Fe, New Mexico, Santa Fe, the oldest state capital in the U.S., founded in 1610 as the government seat of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, Nuevo México in New Spain. It also has the highest elevation of any state capital, at . New Mexico is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, fifth-largest of the fifty states by area, but with just over 2.1 million residents, ranks List of U.S. states and terri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Foxtail Pine
''Pinus balfouriana'', the foxtail pine, is a rare high-elevation pine that is endemic to California, United States. It is closely related to the Great Basin and Rocky Mountain bristlecone pines, in the subsection ''Balfourianae''. Description ''P. balfouriana'' is a tree to tall, exceptionally , with a trunk up to across. Its leaves are needle-like, in bundles of five (or sometimes four, in the southern Sierra) with a semi-persistent basal sheath, and long, deep glossy green on the outer face, and white on the inner faces; they persist for 10–15 years. The cones are long, dark purple ripening red-brown, with soft, flexible scales each with a central prickle. Distribution ''P. balfouriana'' occurs in the subalpine forest at an elevation of in the Klamath Mountains, and at in the Sierra Nevada. In the Sierra Nevada, Foxtail pines are limited to the area around Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. In both areas, it is often a tree line species. There are t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Limber Pine
''Pinus flexilis'', the limber pine, is a species of pine tree in the family Pinaceae that occurs in the mountains of the Western United States, Mexico, and Canada. It is also called Rocky Mountain white pine. A limber pine in Eagle Cap Wilderness, Oregon, has been documented as over 2,000 years old, and another one was confirmed at 1,140 years old. Another candidate for the oldest limber pine was identified in 2006 near the Alta Ski Area in Utah; called "Twister", the tree was confirmed to be at least 1,700 years old and thought to be even older. Description Its pliant branches gives it the common name "limber" and specific epithet ''flexilis''. Its needles are about long and a dark, blueish green. Its bark is heavily creased and dark grey. Its pale wood is lightweight and soft. ''Pinus flexilis'' is typically a high-elevation pine, often marking the tree line either on its own, or with whitebark pine (''Pinus albicaulis''), either of the bristlecone pines, or lodgepole ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Whitebark Pine
''Pinus albicaulis'', known by the common names whitebark pine, white bark pine, white pine, pitch pine, scrub pine, and creeping pine, is a conifer tree native to the mountains of the western United States and Canada, specifically subalpine areas of the Sierra Nevada, Cascade Range, Pacific Coast Ranges, Rocky Mountains, and Ruby Mountains. It shares the common name "creeping pine" with several other plants. The whitebark pine is typically the highest-elevation pine tree found in these mountain ranges and often marks the tree line. Thus, it is often found as ''krummholz'', trees growing close to the ground that have been dwarfed by exposure. In more favorable conditions, the trees may grow to in height. Identification Whitebark pine is a member of the Pinus classification, white pine group, the ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', and the section ''Strobus''; like all members of this group, the leaves (needles) are in fascicle (botany), fascicles (bundles) of five with a deci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pinus Classification
''Pinus'', the pines, is a genus of approximately 111 extant tree and shrub species. The genus is currently split into two subgenera: subgenus ''Pinus'' (hard pines), and subgenus ''Strobus'' (soft pines). Each of the subgenera have been further divided into sections based on chloroplast DNA sequencing and whole plastid genomic analysis. Older classifications split the genus into three subgenera – subgenus ''Pinus'', subgenus ''Strobus'', and subgenus ''Ducampopinus'' ( pinyon, bristlecone and lacebark pines) – based on cone, seed and leaf characteristics. DNA phylogeny has shown that species formerly in subgenus ''Ducampopinus'' are members of subgenus ''Strobus'', so ''Ducampopinus'' is no longer used. The species of subgenus ''Ducampopinus'' were regarded as intermediate between the other two subgenera. In the modern classification, they are placed into subgenus ''Strobus'', yet they did not fit entirely well in either so they were classified in a third subgen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pine
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. ''World Flora Online'' accepts 134 species-rank taxa (119 species and 15 nothospecies) of pines as current, with additional synonyms, and ''Plants of the World Online'' 126 species-rank taxa (113 species and 13 nothospecies), making it the largest genus among the conifers. The highest species diversity of pines is found in Mexico. Pines are widely species distribution, distributed in the Northern Hemisphere; they occupy large areas of boreal forest, but are found in many habitats, including the Mediterranean Basin, and dry tropical forests in southeast Asia and Central America. Wood from pine trees is one of the most extensively used types of timber, and some pines are widely used as Christmas trees. Description Pine trees are evergreen, coniferous resinous trees (or, rarely, shrubs) growing tall, with the majority of species reachin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Clark's Nutcracker
Clark's nutcracker (''Nucifraga columbiana''), sometimes referred to as Clark's crow or woodpecker crow, is a passerine bird in the family Corvidae, native to the mountains of western North America. The nutcracker is an omnivore, but subsists mainly on pine nuts, burying seeds in the ground in the summer and then retrieving them in the winter by memory. The bird was described by the Lewis and Clark Expedition, with William Clark first observing it in 1805 along the banks of the Salmon River, a tributary of the Columbia River. Etymology and history Clark's nutcracker's scientific name literally means "nutcracker of the Columbia". In 1806 Meriwether Lewis recorded a more detailed description. A skin collected by the expedition was obtained by the ornithologist Alexander Wilson, who used it to produce an engraving for his ''American Ornithology'' work. Taxonomy Originally placed in the genus ''Corvus'' by Wilson, by 1840 Clark's nutcracker was included in ''Nucifraga'' by John J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Kashmir Nutcracker
The Kashmir nutcracker or large-spotted nutcracker (''Nucifraga multipunctata'') is a passerine bird related to the northern nutcracker and southern nutcracker. Until recently, it was considered a subspecies of the former. It is found in the western Himalayas. Taxonomy and systematics The Kashmir nutcracker is closely related to the northern nutcracker (''N. caryocatactes'') and has only been split from it recently. Some authorities still treat these forms as conspecific. The two species are similar in appearance, though the Kashmir nutcracker in distinguished by a more whitish general appearance from its larger white spots, along with a contrasting blackish crown, wing, and base of tail. It also has bold white spots on the base of its tail, with a relatively slimmer tail, and longer tail. It is monotypic. Description It is a distinctive corvid with heavily streaked and spotted plumage. They are usually in length. They have a wing length of , with a weight of for females ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Southern Nutcracker
The southern nutcracker (''Nucifraga hemispila'') is a passerine bird in the crow family Corvidae. It was formerly considered to be conspecific with the northern nutcracker (''Nucifraga caryocatactes'') and the Kashmir nutcracker (''Nucifraga multipunctata'') under the English name "spotted nutcracker". Taxonomy The southern nutcracker was formally described in 1831 by the Irish zoologist Nicholas Vigors under the binomial name ''Nucifraga hemispila''. He specified the type locality as just "the Himalayas"; however, research into Vigors' travels has been able to restrict the locality to the Shimla and Almora districts of northern India. The genus name ''Nucifraga'' is the Latin name given to the northern nutcracker by the English naturalist William Turner in 1544, as a translation of the German name ''Nussbrecher'' meaning "nut-breaker". The specific epithet ''hemispila'' combines the Ancient Greek ἡμι-/''hēmi-'' meaning "half-" or "small" with σπιλος/''spilos'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Northern Nutcracker
The northern nutcracker (''Nucifraga caryocatactes''), previously known as spotted nutcracker and Eurasian nutcracker, is a passerine bird in the crow family Corvidae. It is slightly larger than the Eurasian jay but has a much larger bill and a slimmer looking head without any crest. The feathering over its body is predominantly chocolate brown with distinct white spots and patches. The wings and upper tail are black with a greenish-blue gloss. The northern nutcracker is one of four species of nutcracker currently accepted. The southern nutcracker (''Nucifraga hemispila'') and the Kashmir nutcracker (''Nucifraga multipunctata'') were formerly considered as subspecies of the northern nutcracker. The species complex was known by the English name "spotted nutcracker". The other member of the genus, Clark's nutcracker (''Nucifraga columbiana''), occurs in western North America. Taxonomy The northern nutcracker was one of the many species originally described by Carl Linnaeus in his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Nutcracker (bird)
The nutcrackers (''Nucifraga'') are a genus of four species of passerine bird, in the family Corvidae, related to the jays and crows. The genus ''Nucifraga'' was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 with the northern nutcracker (''Nucifraga caryocatactes'') as the type species. The genus name is a Neo-Latin translation of an old German name ''Nussbrecher'', "nut-breaker". Extant species Following reappraisal of species limits in the genus in Asia, the genus is now treated as containing four species: This follows the split of Southern and Kashmir nutcrackers from a former broad view (e.g. Voous, 1977) of all Eurasian nutcrackers as being a single species. The most vital food resources for these species are the seeds (pine nuts) of various pines (''Pinus'' sp.), principally the cold-climate (far northern or high altitude) species of white pine (''Pinus'' subgenus ''Strobus'') with large seeds: ''P. albicaulis, P. armandii, P. cembra, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
