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Church Reform Of Peter The Great
The church reform of Peter the Great was a set of changes Peter I of Russia () introduced to the Russian Orthodox Church, especially to church government. Issued in the context of Peter's overall Westernizing reform programme, it replaced the office of the patriarch of Moscow with the Holy Synod and made the church effectively a department of state. Peter did not abandon Orthodoxy as the main ideological core of the state, but attempted to start a process of Westernization of the clergy, relying on those with a Western theological education, although he remained faithful to the canons of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Background Previously, the tsars of Russia had exerted some influence on church operations; however, until Peter's reforms the church had been relatively free in its internal governance. Following the model of the Byzantine Empire, the tsar was considered to be the "Defender of Orthodoxy". In this capacity he had the right of veto over the election of new bis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Der-Grosse 1838
Peter may refer to: People * List of people named Peter, a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Peter (given name) ** Saint Peter (died 60s), apostle of Jesus, leader of the early Christian Church * Peter (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) Culture * Peter (actor) (born 1952), stage name Shinnosuke Ikehata, a Japanese dancer and actor * ''Peter'' (1934 film), a film directed by Henry Koster * ''Peter'' (2021 film), a Marathi language film * "Peter" (''Fringe'' episode), an episode of the television series ''Fringe'' * ''Peter'' (novel), a 1908 book by Francis Hopkinson Smith * "Peter" (short story), an 1892 short story by Willa Cather * ''Peter'' (album), a 1972 album by Peter Yarrow * ''Peter'', a 1993 EP by Canadian band Eric's Trip * "Peter", 2024 song by Taylor Swift from '' The Tortured Poets Department: The Anthology'' Animals * Peter (Lord's cat), cat at Lord's Cricket Ground in London * Peter (chief mouser), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriarkh Adrian
Patriarkh (stylised as PATRIARKH in English and ПАТРИАРХЪ in Cyrillic alphabets, Cyrillic) is a Polish black metal band based in Białystok. The band has its origins in Batushka, from which it splintered after a conflict over the rights to the band name. Their music and lyrics are inspired by the Eastern Orthodox Church, traditional hymns, songs, history and conflicts of the Eastern Orthodox Church, church and regional folk-lore. The band members wear interpretations of Analavos of the Great Schema ''(see Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism, Eastern Orthodox schemas)'', Mitres, and Klobuks during live performances. History Patriarkh was created after splits within the band Batushka. After Bartłomiej Krysiuk and Batushka founder Krzysztof Drabikowski engaged in a legal conflict over the rights to the name, each member continued using the name Batushka. It was announced on October 18, 2017 via the Metal Blade Records website, Batushka had joined the label's artis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prikaz
A prikaz (; , plural: ) was an administrative, judicial, territorial, or executive bureaucracy , office functioning on behalf of palace, civil, military, or church authorities in the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Tsardom of Russia from the 15th to the 18th centuries. The term usually suggests the functionality of a modern "ministry (government department), ministry", "office", "department", or "bureau"; however, in practice ''prikaz'' was historically applied to most governmental organizations regardless of their function or authority. In modern Russian, wikt:приказ, ''prikaz'' literally means an 'order' in the meaning of 'directive' or 'command'. Most of the ''prikazy'' were subordinated to the boyar duma. Some of them, palace ''prikazy'' (), were subordinated to the or , which answered directly to the tsar of Russia. The patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' had his own ''prikazy''. History Originally, ''prikazy'' were created by private orders given by the tsar to a certain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jesuit
The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions, with the approval of Pope Paul III. The Society of Jesus is the largest religious order in the Catholic Church and has played significant role in education, charity, humanitarian acts and global policies. The Society of Jesus is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 countries. Jesuits work in education, research, and cultural pursuits. They also conduct retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social and humanitarian works, and promote Ecumenism, ecumenical dialogue. The Society of Jesus is consecrated under the patron saint, patronage of Madonna della Strada, a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and it is led by a Superior General of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cossack Hetmanate
The Cossack Hetmanate (; Cossack Hetmanate#Name, see other names), officially the Zaporozhian Host (; ), was a Ukrainian Cossacks, Cossack state. Its territory was located mostly in central Ukraine, as well as in parts of Belarus and southwestern Russia. It existed between 1649 and 1764, although its administrative-judicial system persisted until 1781. The Hetmanate was founded in the eastern territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by the Treaty of Zboriv, signed on August 18, 1649 by Bohdan Khmelnytsky (Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host) and Adam Kysil (representing Crown Forces), as a result of Khmelnytsky Uprising. Establishment of vassal relations with the Tsardom of Russia in the Pereiaslav Agreement, Treaty of Pereiaslav of 1654 is considered a benchmark of the Cossack Hetmanate in Soviet, Ukrainian, and Russian historiography. The second Pereiaslav Articles, Pereiaslav Council in 1659 restricted the independence of the Hetmanate, and from the Russian side there ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (), was a federation, federative real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, existing from 1569 to 1795. This state was among the largest, most populated countries of 16th- to 18th-century Europe. At its peak in the early 17th century, the Commonwealth spanned approximately and supported a multi-ethnic population of around 12 million as of 1618. The official languages of the Commonwealth were Polish language, Polish and Latin Language, Latin, with Catholic Church, Catholicism as the state religion. The Union of Lublin established the Commonwealth as a single entity on 1 July 1569. The two nations had previously been in a personal union since the Union of Krewo, Krewo Agreement of 1385 (Polish–Lithuanian union) and the subsequent marriage of Queen Jadwiga of Poland to Grand Duke Jogaila of Lithuania, who was cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National University Of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy
The National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy ( NaUKMA, ), colloquially known as Mohylianka (), is a highly ranked national state-sponsored research university located in a historic section of Kyiv, Ukraine. The university is bilingual in Ukrainian and English and is one of Ukraine's few universities with internationally recognized diplomas. NaUKMA takes part in numerous international university collaborations, such as the European University Association. With around 4000 students, NaUKMA is one of the smallest universities in Ukraine. The university takes its name from the institution cited as its main predecessor, the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy established in 1615 and operating until 1819. The NaUKMA is located on that Academy's grounds in the ancient Podil neighborhood. In 1991, the modern university was organized, and teaching began the following year. Alumni of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy played a formative role in the intellectual and church life of Ukraine and Russia in 17th a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Locum Tenens
A locum, or locum tenens, is a person who temporarily fulfills the duties of another; the term is especially used for physicians or clergy. For example, a ''locum tenens physician'' is a physician who works in the place of the regular physician. In the Catholic Church, an example of a ''locum tenens'' is an apostolic administrator, often a bishop who temporarily governs a vacant see until a new ordinary is appointed. ''Locum tenens'' is a Latin phrase meaning "place holding", akin to the Greek ''topoteretes'', or French ''lieutenant''. United Kingdom healthcare In the United Kingdom, the NHS The National Health Service (NHS) is the term for the publicly funded health care, publicly funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom: the National Health Service (England), NHS Scotland, NHS Wales, and Health and Social Care (Northern ... on average has 3,500 locum doctors working in hospitals on any given day, with another 17,000 locum general practitioners ( GPs). On the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exarch
An exarch (; from Ancient Greek ἔξαρχος ''exarchos'') was the holder of any of various historical offices, some of them being political or military and others being ecclesiastical. In the late Roman Empire and early Byzantine Empire, an ''exarch'' was a governor of a particular territory. From the end of the 3rd century or early 4th, every Roman diocese was governed by a vicarius, who was titled "exarch" in eastern parts of the Empire, where the Greek language and the use of Greek terminology dominated, even though Latin was the language of the imperial administration from the provincial level up until the 440s (Greek translations were sent out with the official Latin text). In Greek texts, the Latin title is spelled βικάριος (). The office of exarch as a governor with extended political and military authority was later created in the Byzantine Empire, with jurisdiction over a particular territory, usually a frontier region at some distance from the capital Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen Yavorsky
Stefan Yavorsky (, ), born Simeon Ivanovich Yavorsky () (1658Most sources (including thGreat Soviet Encyclopedia give a death date of , but the oldeBrockhaus and Efronhas ), was an archbishop and statesman in the Russian Empire and the first president of the Most Holy Synod. Biography Yavorsky was born in Jaworów, Ruthenian Voivodeship of Poland (now in Ukraine). He enrolled in the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy around 1673 and completed its course of study; in 1684 he traveled back to Poland to continue his education, at which point he was compelled to join the Uniate church, as was common for Kievan students who wanted to study in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth; he took the Uniate name Stanislav (). He spent five years abroad, studying philosophy in Lwów and Lublin and theology in Poznań and Vilnius, where he completed his education. In 1689 he returned to Kiev, broke from the Uniate church and returned to Eastern Orthodoxy. He took monastic vows under the name Stefan an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriarch Adrian
Patriarch Adrian (; born Andrey, Андрей; 2 October 1638 – 16 October 1700) was the last Russian Revolution, pre-revolutionary Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia. According to historian Alexander Avdeyev, the future Patriarch Adrian was born in the last days of September 1638. The years 1627, 1637 and 1639 given in the literature are incorrect. October 2, named as his birthday, is most likely the day of his baptism. Adrian's life path before being appointed Archimandrite of the Chudov Monastery remains unknown. Already being a monk, he was known for his piety and virtues to Patriarch Joachim of Moscow, Patriarch Joachim, who in 1678 appointed him Archimandrite of the Chudov Monastery. Managing the monastery, Archimandrite Adrian helped the adjusting of this monastery a lot. Under his supervision, a cathedral church was built in the name of St. Alexius with the Annunciation chapel, and a church in the name of St. Andrew the First-Called. Adrian caught the eye of Patriarch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601,911 residents as of 2021, with more than 6.4 million people living in the Saint Petersburg metropolitan area, metropolitan area. Saint Petersburg is the List of European cities by population within city limits, fourth-most populous city in Europe, the List of cities and towns around the Baltic Sea, most populous city on the Baltic Sea, and the world's List of northernmost items#Cities and settlements, northernmost city of more than 1 million residents. As the former capital of the Russian Empire, and a Ports of the Baltic Sea, historically strategic port, it is governed as a Federal cities of Russia, federal city. The city was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May 1703 on the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
