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Chandrayaan-3
Chandrayaan-3 ( ) is the third mission in the Chandrayaan programme, a series of Exploration of the Moon, lunar-exploration missions developed by the ISRO, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The mission consists of a Chandrayaan-2#Vikram lander, ''Vikram'' lunar lander and a Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3), ''Pragyan'' lunar rover, as replacements for the equivalents on Chandrayaan-2, which had crashed on landing in 2019. The spacecraft was launched on July 14, 2023, at 14:35 India standard time, IST from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota, India. It entered lunar orbit on 5 August, and touched down near the lunar south pole, at 69°S, on 23 August 2023 at 18:04 IST (12:33 Coordinated Universal Time, UTC). With this landing, ISRO became the fourth national space agency to successfully Moon landing, land on the Moon, after the Soviet space program, NASA and China National Space Administration, CNSA. The lander was not built to withstand the cold temperatures of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chandrayaan Programme
The Chandrayaan programme ( ) (Sanskrit: 'Moon', 'Craft, Vehicle', ) also known as the Indian Lunar Exploration Programme is an ongoing series of outer space missions by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for the exploration of the Moon. The program incorporates a lunar orbiter, an impactor, a soft lander and a rover spacecraft. There have been three missions so far with a total of two orbiters, landers and rovers each. While the two orbiters were successful, the first lander and rover which were part of the Chandrayaan-2 mission, crashed on the surface. The second lander and rover mission Chandrayaan-3 successfully landed on the Moon on 23 August 2023, making India the first nation to successfully land a spacecraft in the lunar south pole region, and the fourth country to soft land on the Moon after the Soviet Union, the United States and China. Background The Indian space programme had begun with no intentions of undertaking sophisticated initiatives like h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statio Shiv Shakti
''Shiv Shakti Point'' is the landing site of Chandrayaan-3, the third lunar mission of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The mission's lander ''Vikram'' and rover '' Pragyan'' landed 600 km from the south pole of the Moon on 23 August 2023. The landing site was named on 26 August 2023 at the ISTRAC headquarters in Bengaluru, after India became the fourth nation to make a successful soft landing on the Moon and also becoming the first country that landed on the lunar south pole. Statio Shiv Shakti is located at the coordinates and lies between the lunar craters Manzinus C and Simpelius N. It has been proposed that the upcoming sample-return mission Chandrayaan-4 also land near the point. Name The name ''Shiv Shakti'' is derived from the names of Hindu deities Shiva, who is also associated with the Moon, and Shakti, the divine feminine energy, who is often depicted as the consort of Shiva in the form of goddess Parvati. Geological history Using high-resolution remot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)
''Pragyan'' (from ) is a lunar rover that forms part of Chandrayaan-3, a lunar mission developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). A previous iteration of the rover, also named Pragyan, was launched as part of Chandrayaan-2 on 22 July 2019 and was destroyed with its lander, '' Vikram'', when it crashed on the Moon on 6 September.Vikram lander located on lunar surface, wasn't a soft landing: Isro. ''Times of India''. 8 September 2019. Chandrayaan-3 launched on 14 July 2023, carrying new versions of ''Vikram'' and ''Pragyan'', which successfully landed near the |
Chandrayaan-2
Chandrayaan-2 (; from Sanskrit: , "Moon" and , "craft, vehicle") is the second lunar exploration mission developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) after Chandrayaan-1. It consists of a lunar orbiter, the ''Vikram'' lunar lander, and the ''Pragyan'' rover, all of which were developed in India. The main scientific objective is to map and study the variations in lunar surface composition, as well as the location and abundance of lunar water. The spacecraft was launched from the second launch pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Andhra Pradesh on 22 July 2019 at 09:13:12 UTC by a LVM3-M1 rocket. The craft reached lunar orbit on 20 August 2019. The ''Vikram'' lander attempted a lunar landing on 6 September 2019; the lander crashed due to a software error. The lunar orbiter continues to operate in orbit around the Moon. A follow-up landing mission, Chandrayaan-3, was launched in 2023 and successfully performed a lunar landing. History On 12 November 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISRO
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO ) is India's national space agency, headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka. It serves as the principal research and development arm of the Department of Space (DoS), overseen by the Prime Minister of India, with the Chairman of ISRO also serving as the chief executive of the DoS. It is primarily responsible for space-based operations, space exploration, international space cooperation and the development of related technologies. The agency maintains a constellation of imaging, communications and remote sensing satellites. It operates the GAGAN and IRNSS satellite navigation systems. It has sent three missions to the Moon and one mission to Mars. Formerly known as the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR), ISRO was set up in 1962 by the Government of India on the recommendation of scientist Vikram Sarabhai. It was renamed as ISRO in 1969 and was subsumed into the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE). The establi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moon Landing
A Moon landing or lunar landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon, including both crewed and robotic missions. The first human-made object to touch the Moon was Luna 2 in 1959. In 1969 Apollo 11 was the first crewed mission to land on the Moon. There were List of Apollo missions#Crewed missions, six crewed landings between 1969 and 1972, and numerous uncrewed landings. All crewed missions to the Moon were conducted by the Apollo program, with the last departing the lunar surface in December 1972. After Luna 24 in 1976 there were no Soft landing (aeronautics), soft landings on the Moon until Chang'e 3 in 2013. All soft landings took place on the near side of the Moon until January 2019, when Chang'e 4 made the first landing on the far side of the Moon. Uncrewed landings Government landings Six government space agencies, Interkosmos, NASA, China National Space Administration, CNSA, Department of Space, DOS, JAXA and European Space Agency, ESA, ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chandrayaan-4
Chandrayaan-4 (; from Sanskrit: , "Moon" and , "craft, vehicle") is a planned lunar sample return mission of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the fourth iteration in its Chandrayaan lunar exploration programme. As of January 2025 the conceptualisation phase has been completed, and the design phase is nearing completion. The mission is expected to launch around 2027. It is planned to return up to of lunar regolith from near Shiv Shakti point, the landing site of Chandrayaan-3. History Conceptual Phase The plan for a lunar sample return mission was revealed by the director of the Space Application Centre (SAC), Nilesh M Desai on 17 November, 2023 during the 62nd foundation ceremony of the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) in Pune. This was confirmed by S. Somanath, the then chairman of ISRO, during the National Space Science Symposium held in Goa on 26 February 2024. He said that the mission is extremely challenging as it incorporates multi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lunar Rover
A lunar rover or Moon rover is a space exploration Rover (space exploration), vehicle designed to move across the surface of the Moon. The Apollo program's Lunar Roving Vehicle was driven on the Moon by members of three American crews, Apollo 15, Apollo 16, 16, and Apollo 17, 17. Other rovers have been partially or fully autonomous robots, such as the Soviet Union's Lunokhods, Chinese ''Yutu (rover), Yutus'', Indian ''Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3), Pragyan'', and Japan's Smart Lander for Investigating Moon#Rovers, LEVs. Five countries have had operating rovers on the Moon: the Soviet Union, the United States, China, India, and Japan. Variations in design Lunar rover designs have varied in several ways. Size and speed Lunokhod rovers were in length. The LRVs were long with a wheelbase, and achieved a top speed of during Apollo 17. Power The Lunokhod rovers, and others, used photovoltaic solar power. The LRV rovers were battery powered. Lunokhod and the Chinese ''Yutu'' rovers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rover (space Exploration)
A rover (or sometimes planetary rover) is a planetary surface exploration device designed to move over the rough surface of a planet or other planetary mass celestial bodies. Some rovers have been designed as land vehicles to transport members of a human spaceflight crew; others have been partially or fully autonomous robots. Rovers are typically created to land on another planet (other than Earth) via a lander-style spacecraft,tasked to collect information about the terrain, and to take crust samples such as dust, soil, rocks, and even liquids. They are essential tools in space exploration. Features Rovers arrive on spacecraft and are used in conditions very distinct from those on the Earth, which makes some demands on their design. Reliability Rovers have to withstand high levels of acceleration, high and low temperatures, pressure, dust, corrosion, cosmic rays, remaining functional without repair for a needed period of time. Autonomy Rovers which land on celesti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lunar South Pole
The lunar south pole is the southernmost point on the Moon. It is of interest to scientists because of the lunar water, occurrence of water ice in Crater of eternal darkness, permanently shadowed areas around it. The lunar south pole region features craters that are unique in that the near-constant sunlight does not reach their interior. Such craters are cold trap (astronomy), cold traps that contain fossil records of hydrogen, water ice, and other volatiles dating from the Formation and evolution of the Solar System, early Solar System. In contrast, the lunar north pole region exhibits a much lower quantity of similarly sheltered craters. Geography The lunar south pole is located on the center of the polar Antarctic Circle (80°S to 90°S).Lunar South Pole. NASA. 2017. Accessed on 16 July 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LVM3
The Launch Vehicle Mark-3 or LVM3 (previously referred as the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III or GSLV Mk III) is a Multistage rocket, three-stage medium-lift launch vehicle developed by the ISRO, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Primarily designed to launch communication satellites into geostationary orbit, it is also due to launch crewed missions under the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. LVM3 has a higher payload capacity than its predecessor, Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, GSLV. After several delays and a sub-orbital test flight on 18 December 2014, ISRO successfully conducted the first orbital test launch of LVM3 on 5 June 2017 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. Total development cost of project was . In June 2018, the Union Cabinet approved to build 10 LVM3 rockets over a five-year period. The LVM3 has launched Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment, CARE, India's space capsule recovery experiment module, Chandrayaan-2 and Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
