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Cedar Revolution
The Cedar Revolution (), also known as the Independence uprising (), was a chain of demonstrations in Lebanon (especially in the capital Beirut) triggered by the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri. The popular movement was remarkable for its avoidance of violence, peaceful approach, and its total reliance on methods of civil resistance. The primary goals of the activists were the withdrawal of the Syrian troops which had occupied Lebanon since 1976, the replacement of a government heavily influenced by Syrian interests by more independent leadership, the establishment of an international commission to investigate the assassination of Prime Minister Hariri, the resignation of security officials to ensure the success of the plan, and the organization of free parliamentary elections. More generally, the demonstrators demanded the end of the Syrian influence in Lebanese politics. At the start of the demonstrations, Syria had a force of roughly 14,000 so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanon
Lebanon, officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia. Situated at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian Peninsula, it is bordered by Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west; Cyprus lies a short distance from the coastline. Lebanon has a population of more than five million and an area of . Beirut is the country's capital and largest city. Human habitation in Lebanon dates to 5000 BC. From 3200 to 539 BC, it was part of Phoenicia, a maritime civilization that spanned the Mediterranean Basin. In 64 BC, the region became part of the Roman Empire and the subsequent Byzantine Empire. After the seventh century, it Muslim conquest of the Levant, came under the rule of different Islamic caliphates, including the Rashidun Caliphate, Rashidun, Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid. The 11th century saw the establishment of Christian Crusader states, which fell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assassination Of Rafic Hariri
On 14 February 2005, former Prime Minister of Lebanon Rafic Hariri was assassinated along with 21 others in an explosion in Beirut, Lebanon. Explosives equivalent to around 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) of TNT were detonated as his motorcade drove near the St. George Hotel. Among the dead were several of Hariri's bodyguards and former Minister of Economy and Trade, Bassel Fleihan. Hariri had been part of the anti-Syrian opposition in Lebanon. His assassination triggered the Cedar Revolution, a popular movement which forced Syria to withdraw all its troops in Lebanon by April 2005. The United Nations set up the Special Tribunal for Lebanon to investigate the killing, which along with an independent investigation carried out by Lebanese Brigadier General Wissam al-Hassan, found compelling evidence that Hezbollah carried out the assassination.Ronen Bergman. (15 February 2015)"The Hezbollah Connection" ''The New York Times Magazine''. Retrieved 5 August 2020. One of the in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samir Geagea
Samir Farid Geagea (, , also spelled Samir Ja'ja' ; born 25 October 1952) is a Lebanese politician and former militia commander who has been the leader of the Lebanese Forces Lebanese Forces, political party and Lebanese Forces (militia), former militia since 1986. Born in Ain El Remmaneh, Ain al-Remaneh, Geagea joined the Christian Kataeb Party in his early years. He led the Northern Front in the Lebanese Forces from 1979 to 1984. In March 1985, after the deterioration of the Christian political situation in the eastern regions after the assassination of the Lebanese Forces leader Bachir Gemayel, he led, jointly with Elie Hobeika and Karim Pakradouni, an uprising that led to control of the political situation without any bloodshed. On 15 January 1986, Geagea led a movement against the tripartite agreement sponsored by Syria to become the commander of the Lebanese Forces after the overthrow of Elie Hobeika, head of the executive body at the time and one of the signatorie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nadim Gemayel
Nadim Bachir Gemayel (, born 1 May 1982) is a Lebanese politician and member of the Lebanese parliament since 2018. He is a member of the Kataeb party that was founded by his grandfather Pierre Gemayel and is the son of the assassinated president-elect Bachir Gemayel. Early life and education Nadim Gemayel was born in Bikfaya on 1 May 1982 to Solange Gemayel (née Toutounji), and Bashir Gemayel, a Maronite Christian from Bikfaya, Mount Lebanon. Nadim is the youngest to two sisters, Youmna (born 1980) and Maya (born 1978). Maya was only 18 months old when she was killed in 1980 by a car bomb that was intended for her father. Nadim Gemayel's father, Bachir Gemayel, was a prominent national leader in Lebanon and an elected President of the Republic in 1982. Bashir was assassinated on 14 September 1982, 21 days after being elected president. Nadim was only four months old when his father was killed. Following high school, Nadim Gemayel moved to France to pursue his law degree a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samy Gemayel
Samy Amine Gemayel (, born 3 December 1980) is a Lebanese politician, lawyer and a member of the Lebanese parliament. Being elected as party president in 2015, he presently serves as the seventh leader of the Lebanese Kataeb Party which was founded by his grandfather, Pierre Gemayel. He is a critic of the Free Patriotic Movement and Hezbollah. In his youth, he took part in pro-independence protest movements against the pro-Syrian political parties. He has called for the implementation of UN resolution 1559 in Lebanon. Early life and education Gemayel was born into a prominent Maronite Catholic family in Lebanon on 3 December 1980. He is the son of former Lebanese President and former Kataeb Party President Amine Gemayel and his wife Joyce Gemayel. His older brother, Pierre, was a Member of Parliament and the Minister of Industry until his assassination on 21 November 2006. His grandfather, Pierre Gemayel, founded the Kataeb Party in 1936. Gemayel is also the nephew o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Amine Gemayel
Pierre Amine Gemayel (Arabic: ; commonly known as Pierre Gemayel Jr., or simply Pierre Gemayel; 23 September 1972 – 21 November 2006) was a Lebanese politician in the Kataeb Party, also known as the Phalange Party in English. Early life and education Pierre Amine Gemayel was born in Beirut on 24 September 1972 to a Maronite Christian family that has long been involved in Lebanese politics. Gemayel was the eldest son of former President Amine Gemayel and grandson of Pierre Gemayel, founder of the Kataeb Party. He was also the nephew of former president-elect Bachir Gemayel, who was assassinated in Beirut in 1982. Gemayel studied law in Beirut and Paris, and began his legal career at a firm in Beirut. A short while later he took over the legal practice of his father. Political career Gemayel started his political life in the year 2000, when he was elected to Parliament in the Matn District as an independent. An active member of the Kataeb movement (an offshoot of the Kataeb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amine Gemayel
Amine Pierre Gemayel (, ; born 22 January 1942) is a Lebanese politician who served as the eighth president of Lebanon from 1982 to 1988. Gemayel was born in Bikfaya to Pierre Gemayel, the founder of the Christianity in Lebanon, Christian Kataeb Party (also known as the "Phalanges"). He worked as a lawyer, then was elected as a deputy for Northern Metn in 1970 by-election, following the death of his uncle, Maurice Gemayel, and once again in the 1972 general election. At the start of the Lebanese Civil War, the Phalanges were a member of the Lebanese Front, allied with Syria against the Left-wing politics, leftist Lebanese National Movement, National Movement. However, Syria became their enemy, while they started receiving the support of Israel. This phase saw the rise of Amine's brother, Bachir Gemayel, Bachir, who had disputes with Amine about the military leadership, such as uniting the Christian militias by force. In 1982 Bachir was elected to presidency but was Assassinatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders of Russia, land borders with fourteen countries. Russia is the List of European countries by population, most populous country in Europe and the List of countries and dependencies by population, ninth-most populous country in the world. It is a Urbanization by sovereign state, highly urbanised country, with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow, the List of metropolitan areas in Europe, most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, while Saint Petersburg is its second-largest city and Society and culture in Saint Petersburg, cultural centre. Human settlement on the territory of modern Russia dates back to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a Ethnicities in Iran, multi-ethnic population of over 92 million in an area of , Iran ranks 17th globally in both List of countries and dependencies by area, geographic size and List of countries and dependencies by population, population. It is the List of Asian countries by area, sixth-largest country entirely in Asia and one of the world's List of mountains in Iran, most mountainous countries. Officially an Islamic republic, Iran is divided into Regions of Iran, five regions with Provinces of Iran, 31 provinces. Tehran is the nation's Capital city, capital, List of cities in Iran by province, largest city and financial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dignity Movement
The Dignity Movement (), formerly known as the Arab Liberation Party (), is a Lebanese political party with considerable support in the city of Tripoli (Trablos), North Lebanon. Its membership is mainly Sunni Muslim. Once led by former Prime Minister Omar Karami, the party is now led by his son Faisal Karami. In the 2018 Lebanese general election, Faisal Karami and Jihad Al-Samad were elected as a members of parliament for Tripoli on the "National Dignity" list. Another candidate from the list, Taha Naji, was narrowly defeated by Dima Jamali of the Future Movement, a result that was invalidated by the Constitutional Council. Jamali regained the seat in a by-election in May 2019. Karami lost his seat in parliament in the original results of the 2022 Lebanese general election, but in September 2022, the results from the North II North II () is an electoral district in Lebanon, as per the 2017 vote law. The district elects 11 members of the Parliament of Lebanon, Lebanese N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region
The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region, commonly known as the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in Lebanon ( ''Ḥizb al-Ba‘th al-‘Arabī al-Ishtirākī fī Lubnān'') and officially the Lebanon Regional Branch, is a political party in Lebanon. It is the regional branch of the Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction). The leadership has been disputed since 2015; however, Fayez Shukr was the party leader from 2006 to 2015, when he succeeded Sayf al-Din Ghazi, who succeeded Assem Qanso. History The Lebanese branch of the undivided Ba'ath Party was formed in 1949–1950. Assem Qanso is the longest-serving secretary (leader) of the Lebanese Ba'ath Party, first from 1971 to 1989 and again from 2000 to 2005. In 1953 it merged with Arab Socialist Party headed by Akram Hourani, and the current title was adopted. One of its secretaries general was Abdallah Al Amin, headquartered in Beirut. Lebanese Civil War During the start of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975, the party had an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marada Movement
The Marada Movement () is a Lebanese political party and a former militia active during the Lebanese Civil War named after the legendary Marada (also called Mardaites) warriors of the early Middle Ages that fought on the external edge of the Byzantine Empire. Originally designated the Marada Brigade ( ''Liwa al-Marada''), the group initially emerged as the personal militia of Suleiman Frangieh, president of Lebanon at the outbreak of the war in 1975, which also had a Parliamentary wing known as the Frangieh Bloc. They were also initially known as the '' Zgharta Liberation Army'', after Frangieh's hometown of Zgharta in northern Lebanon. Marada in Lebanese history The Marada were a group of independent communities in Lebanon and the surrounding highlands after the conquest of Syria by the Arab army in 630 CE. While some historians argue that the Marada "States" were that of a Maronite Aramaic-speaking Christian warrior elite, other historians tend to downplay their importance, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
