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Caste System In Nepal
The Nepalese caste system is the traditional system of social stratification of Nepal. The Nepalese caste system broadly borrows the classical Hindu ''Chaturvarnashram'' model, consisting of four broad social classes or varna: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Sudra. The caste system defines social classes by a number of hierarchical endogamous groups often termed ''jaat''. This custom was traditionally only prevalent in the three Indo Aryan societies of the Khas, Madhesi, and Newars. However, since the unification of Nepal in the 18th century, Nepal's various non-Hindu ethnic nationalities and tribes, previously called "Matwalis" (alcohol-drinkers) and now termed as "Adivasi/Janajati" (indigenous/nationalities), have been incorporated within the caste hierarchy to varying degrees of success. Despite the forceful integration by the state into the pan-Hindu social structure, the traditionally non-Hindu groups and tribes do not necessarily adhere to the customs and practices of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Social Stratification
Social stratification refers to a society's categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power (social and political). It is a hierarchy within groups that ascribe them to different levels of privileges. As such, stratification is the relative social position of persons within a social group, category, geographic region, or social unit. In modern Western societies, social stratification is defined in terms of three social classes: an upper class, a middle class, and a lower class; in turn, each class can be subdivided into an upper-stratum, a middle-stratum, and a lower stratum. Moreover, a social stratum can be formed upon the bases of kinship, clan, tribe, or caste, or all four. The categorization of people by social stratum occurs most clearly in complex state-based, polycentric, or feudal societies, the latter being based upon socio-econom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world. The department is the world's largest broadcast news organisation and generates about 120 hours of radio and television output each day, as well as online news coverage. The service has over 5,500 journalists working across its output including in 50 foreign news bureaus where more than 250 foreign correspondents are stationed. Deborah Turness has been the CEO of news and current affairs since September 2022. In 2019, it was reported in an Ofcom report that the BBC spent £136m on news during the period April 2018 to March 2019. BBC News' domestic, global and online news divisions are housed within the largest live newsroom in Europe, in Broadcasting House in central London. Parliamentary coverage is produced and broadcast from studios in London. Through BBC English Regions, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Vajracharya
A vajrācārya (vajra + acharya, Tibetan: རྡོ་རྗེ་སློབ་དཔོན་, ''dorje lopön'', Wyl. ''rdo rje slob dpon,'' Chinese: 金剛阿闍梨, pinyin: ''jīngāng āshélì''; rōmanji: ''kongō ajari'') (alternatively, Chinese: 金剛上師, pinyin'': jīngāng shàngshī'') is a Vajrayana Buddhist master, guru or priest. It is a general term for a tantric master in Vajrayana and Mahayana Buddhist traditions, including Tibetan Buddhism, Chinese Esoteric Buddhism, Chan Buddhism, Shingon, Bhutanese Buddhism, Newar Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism Dorje Lopön is a title given to high-level religious leaders who preside over Tibetan tantric practice. ''Dorje'' is the Tibetan equivalent of the Sanskrit ''vajra'' and therefore the term appears frequently in Tibetan terminology relating to Vajrayana Buddhism. A Dorje Lopön is usually well educated and trained in tantric practice, and is therefore a well respected figure. They might be the heads of mon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tughlaq Dynasty
The Tughlaq dynasty (also known as the Tughluq or Tughluk dynasty; ) was the third dynasty to rule over the Delhi Sultanate in medieval India. Its reign started in 1320 in Delhi when Ghazi Malik assumed the throne under the title of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq and ended in 1413.Edmund Wright (2006), A Dictionary of World History, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, The Indo-Turkic dynasty expanded its territorial reach through a military campaign led by Muhammad bin Tughluq, and reached its zenith between 1330 and 1335. It ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for this brief period.W. Haig (1958), The Cambridge History of India: Turks and Afghans, Volume 3, Cambridge University Press, pp 153-163 Origin The etymology of the word ''Tughlaq'' is not certain. The 16th-century writer Firishta claims that it is an Indian corruption of the Turkic term ''Qutlugh'', but this is doubtful. Literary, numismatic and epigraphic evidence makes it clear that Tughlaq was not an ancestral d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ghiyath Al-Din Tughluq
Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (), or Ghazi Malik (; died 1 February 1325) was the Sultan of Delhi from 1320 to 1325. He was the first sultan of the Tughluq dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. During his reign, Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq founded the city of Tughluqabad. His reign ending upon his death in 1325 when a pavilion built in his honour collapsed. The 14th century historian Ibn Battuta claimed that the death of the sultan was the result of a conspiracy against him. Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq was succeeded by his eldest son, Muhammad bin Tughluq.Tughlaq Shahi Kings of Delhi: Chart , 1909, v. 2, ''p. 36 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Dobhi
Dobhi is a large city located in Dobhi Block of the Gaya district in the northeast Indian state of Bihar. Dobhi is situated on the banks of river Falgu. Three national highways pass through Dobhi. Dobhi itself has the biggest park of Bihar. There is Shri Ram Janaki Thakur Bari temple in Dobhi itself..Dobhi is situated on the banks of river Falgu. Three national highways pass through Dobhi. Dobhi itself has the biggest park of Bihar. There is Shri Ram Janaki Thakur Bari Temple in Dobhi itself. And on the road going from here to Ranchi, there is Shri Radha Krishna Thakur Bari Temple in Ghirsindi Kalan village. Temple Shri Ram Janaki Thakurbari Dobhi, Devi Mandir Bypass, Devi Mandir Ningri is situated in Dobhi. The population of Dobhi city is currently around 25000. , Geographical location Dobhi village is found just off the banks of the Falgu River. Transport Dobhi village resides at the junction of two national highways: NH 19 (Grand Trunk Road) and NH 22, the la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Maithil Brahmins
Maithil Brahmins are the Indo-Aryan Hindu Brahmin community originating from the Mithila region and original inhabitants of Southern Nepal and bordering regions of India that comprises Madhesh Province & some areas of Koshi Province in Nepal and the Darbhanga, Kosi, Purnia, Munger, Bhagalpur, Santhal Pargana division in India and are also found in New Delhi and Kathmandu Valley. They are one of the five Pancha-Gauda Brahmin communities of Nepal and India. The main language spoken by Maithil Brahmins is Maithili, followed by Nepali and Hindi-Urdu language. History Some of the dynastic families of the Mithila region, such as the Malla dynasty (Nepal), Karnat dynasty (Nepal), Oiniwar Dynasty (India) and Khandwal Dynasty (Raj Darbhanga India), were Maithil Brahmins and were noted for their patronage of Maithil culture. In the 1960s and 1970s, the Maithil Brahmins became politically significant in Nepal and around India. Durgananda Jha (Nepal), Binodanand Jha and La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Malla Dynasty (Nepal)
The Malla dynasty () also known as the Malla confederacy, was the ruling dynasty of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal from 1201 to 1779. This dynasty was founded by Arimalla, Arideva Malla. Though the latter Mallas were regarded as belonging to the Raghuvanshi, Raghuvamsha dynasty, they were also seen as continuations and descendants of the Licchavi (kingdom), Licchavi dynasty. Later Malla kings also traced one section of their lineage from Nanyadeva, the founder of the Karnat dynasty of Mithila (region), Mithila. The term M''alla'' means wrestler in Sanskrit. The first use of the word M''alla'' in the Kathmandu Valley began in 1201. The Malla period stretched over 600 years, as they presided over and flourished the Newar civilization of Nepal Mandala which developed as one of the most sophisticated urban civilisations in the Himalayan foothills and a key destination on the India-Tibet trade route. During the Malla Dynasty, Newar language, Nepal Bhasa was the official language,Lie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Jayasthiti Malla
Jayasthiti Malla, also spelled Jayasthitimalla, () was the eleventh Malla king of Nepal. His absolute rule over the valley began after deposing Jayarjunadeva in 1382 until his death in 1395. Origin and early life The ancestry of Jayasthiti Malla is still a topic of debate among scholars. The generally accepted narrative is that he was a person of noble birth in the Mithila region, and was brought to Kathmandu valley by Devaladevi in 1354 to marry Rajaladevi, her granddaughter and the heir apparent of Bhadgaon. Some scholars state that he was a son of an obscure figure Ashoka Malla. Jayasthiti Malla started to play a prominent role in politics after the death of Devalakshmidevi in 1366. Rise to power Background The valley was then controlled by two nobles houses: House of Bhonta, residence in Banepa, and the House of Tripura, residence in Bhadgaon. Jayasthiti's wife, Rajalladevi, was the head of House Tripura but Devaladevi acted as the de facto head. In 1347, after t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Chandala
Chandala () is a Sanskrit word for someone who deals with the disposal of corpses, and is a Hindu lower caste, traditionally considered to be untouchable. History Varṇa was a hierarchical social order in ancient India, based primarily on the Dharmashastras. However, since the Vedic corpus constitute the earliest literary source, it came to be seen as the origin of caste society. In this view of caste, ''varṇas'' were created on a particular occasion and have remained virtually unchanged. Historically this order of society, notions of purity and pollution were central, and activities were delineated in this context. ''Varṇa'' divides the society into four groups ordered in a hierarchy; beyond these, outside the system, lies a fifth group known as the ''untouchables'', of which the Chandala became a constituent part. The first mention of the fourfold ''varṇa'' division is found in the later ''Rigveda''. Vedic literature also mentions some groups, such as Ayogava, Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Licchavi (kingdom)
The Licchavis of Nepal (, also ''Lichchhavi'', ''Lichavi'') ruled over a kingdom in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal from approximately 450 to 750 CE. The Licchavi clan originated from a branch of the Licchavis of Vaishali who ruled in the territory of modern-day Bihar and who later conquered the Kathmandu Valley. The Licchavis were ruled by a ''maharaja'', aided by a prime minister and other royal officials, but in practice local communities were controlled by caste councils. The ruling period of this dynasty was called the Golden Period of Nepal. A table of the evolution of certain Gupta characters used in Licchavi inscriptions prepared by Gautamavajra Vajrācārya can be found online. Records It is believed that a branch of the Licchavi clan, having lost their political fortune and military power in Vaishali (Bihar), came to Kathmandu and intermarried with the family of the ruling Queen, Mandeva Shree Vogini of the Nagvanshi clan, thus beginning their rule in NepalSourc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Kathmandu Valley
The Kathmandu Valley (), also known as the Nepal Valley or Nepa Valley (, Newar language, Nepal Bhasa: 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑑅 𑐐𑐵𑑅, नेपाः गाः), National Capital Area, is a bowl-shaped valley located in the Himalayas, Himalayan mountains of Nepal. It lies at the crossroads of ancient civilizations of the Indian subcontinent and the broader Asian continent, and has at least 130 important monuments, including several pilgrimage sites for Hindus and Buddhism, Buddhists. The valley holds seven World Heritage Sites within it. The Kathmandu Valley is the most developed and the largest urban agglomeration in Nepal with a population of about 5 million people. The urban agglomeration of Kathmandu Valley includes the cities of Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Nepal, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Changunarayan, Budhanilkantha, Tarakeshwar, Gokarneshwar, Suryabinayak Municipality, Suryabinayak, Tokha, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi, and others. The majority of offices and headquarters are locat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
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