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Cap'n Proto
Cap’n Proto is a Serialization, data serialization format and Remote procedure call, Remote Procedure Call (RPC) framework for exchanging data between computer programs. The high-level design focuses on speed and security, making it suitable for network as well as inter-process communication. Cap'n Proto was created by the former maintainer of Google's popular Protocol Buffers framework (Kenton Varda) and was designed to avoid some of its perceived shortcomings. Technical overview IDL Schema Like most Remote Procedure Call, RPC frameworks dating as far back as Sun RPC and DCE/RPC, OSF DCE RPC (and their object-based descendants Common Object Request Broker Architecture, CORBA and Distributed Component Object Model, DCOM), Cap'n Proto uses an Interface description language, Interface Description Language (IDL) to generate RPC libraries in a variety of programming languages - automating many low level details such as handling network requests, converting between data types ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Remote Procedure Call
In distributed computing, a remote procedure call (RPC) is when a computer program causes a procedure (subroutine) to execute in a different address space (commonly on another computer on a shared computer network), which is written as if it were a normal (local) procedure call, without the programmer explicitly writing the details for the remote interaction. That is, the programmer writes essentially the same code whether the subroutine is local to the executing program, or remote. This is a form of server interaction (caller is client, executor is server), typically implemented via a request–response message passing system. In the object-oriented programming paradigm, RPCs are represented by remote method invocation (RMI). The RPC model implies a level of location transparency, namely that calling procedures are largely the same whether they are local or remote, but usually, they are not identical, so local calls can be distinguished from remote calls. Remote calls are usually o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human-readable Medium
In computing, a human-readable medium or human-readable format is any encoding of data or information that can be naturally read by humans, resulting in human-readable data. It is often encoded as ASCII or Unicode text, rather than as binary data. In most contexts, the alternative to a human-readable representation is a '' machine-readable format'' or medium of data primarily designed for reading by electronic, mechanical or optical devices, or computers. For example, Universal Product Code (UPC) barcodes are very difficult to read for humans, but very effective and reliable with the proper equipment, whereas the strings of numerals that commonly accompany the label are the human-readable form of the barcode information. Since any type of data encoding can be parsed by a suitably programmed computer, the decision to use binary encoding rather than text encoding is usually made to conserve storage space. Encoding data in a binary format typically requires fewer bytes of stor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Futures And Promises
In computer science, futures, promises, delays, and deferreds are constructs used for synchronization (computer science), synchronizing program execution (computing), execution in some concurrent programming languages. Each is an object that acts as a proxy for a result that is initially unknown, usually because the computation of its value is not yet complete. The term ''promise'' was proposed in 1976 by Daniel P. Friedman and David Wise, and Peter Hibbard called it ''eventual''. A somewhat similar concept ''future'' was introduced in 1977 in a paper by Henry Baker (computer scientist), Henry Baker and Carl Hewitt. The terms ''future'', ''promise'', ''delay'', and ''deferred'' are often used interchangeably, although some differences in usage between ''future'' and ''promise'' are treated below. Specifically, when usage is distinguished, a future is a ''read-only'' placeholder view of a variable, while a promise is a writable, single assignment container which sets the value of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inter-process Communication
In computer science, interprocess communication (IPC) is the sharing of data between running Process (computing), processes in a computer system. Mechanisms for IPC may be provided by an operating system. Applications which use IPC are often categorized as client–server model, clients and servers, where the client requests data and the server responds to client requests. Many applications are both clients and servers, as commonly seen in distributed computing. IPC is very important to the design process for microkernels and nanokernels, which reduce the number of functionalities provided by the kernel. Those functionalities are then obtained by communicating with servers via IPC, leading to a large increase in communication when compared to a regular monolithic kernel. IPC interfaces generally encompass variable analytic framework structures. These processes ensure compatibility between the multi-vector protocols upon which IPC models rely. An IPC mechanism is either Synchroni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Big O Notation
Big ''O'' notation is a mathematical notation that describes the asymptotic analysis, limiting behavior of a function (mathematics), function when the Argument of a function, argument tends towards a particular value or infinity. Big O is a member of a #Related asymptotic notations, family of notations invented by German mathematicians Paul Gustav Heinrich Bachmann, Paul Bachmann, Edmund Landau, and others, collectively called Bachmann–Landau notation or asymptotic notation. The letter O was chosen by Bachmann to stand for '':wikt:Ordnung#German, Ordnung'', meaning the order of approximation. In computer science, big O notation is used to Computational complexity theory, classify algorithms according to how their run time or space requirements grow as the input size grows. In analytic number theory, big O notation is often used to express a bound on the difference between an arithmetic function, arithmetical function and a better understood approximation; one well-known exam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutator Method
In computer science, a mutator method is a method used to control changes to a variable. They are also widely known as setter methods. Often a setter is accompanied by a getter, which returns the value of the private member variable. They are also known collectively as accessors. The mutator method is most often used in object-oriented programming, in keeping with the principle of encapsulation. According to this principle, member variables of a class are made private to hide and protect them from other code, and can only be modified by a public member function (the mutator method), which takes the desired new value as a parameter, optionally validates it, and modifies the private member variable. Mutator methods can be compared to assignment operator overloading but they typically appear at different levels of the object hierarchy. Mutator methods may also be used in non-object-oriented environments. In this case, a reference to the variable to be modified is passed to the mut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schema Evolution
In computer science, schema versioning and schema evolution, deal with the need to retain current data and software system functionality in the face of changing database structure. The problem is not limited to the modification of the schema. It, in fact, affects the data stored under the given schema and the queries (and thus the applications) posed on that schema. A database design is sometimes created as a "as of now" instance and thus schema evolution is not considered. (This is different but related to where a database is designed as a "one size fits all" which doesn't cover attribute volatility). This assumption, almost unrealistic in the context of traditional information systems, becomes unacceptable in the context of systems that retain large volumes of historical information or those such as web information systems, that due to the distributed and cooperative nature of their development, are subject of an even stronger pressure toward change (from 39% to over 500% more int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-feature
Crippleware is computer software or hardware that has been intentionally designed to have some of its features disabled or not working to its full capability until payment of some kind is rendered. In software, crippleware means that "vital features of the program such as printing or the ability to save files are disabled until the user purchases a registration key". While crippleware allows consumers to see the software before they buy, they are unable to test its complete functionality because of the disabled functions. Hardware crippleware is "a hardware device that has not been designed to its full capability". The functionality of the hardware device is limited to encourage consumers to pay for a more expensive upgraded version. Usually the hardware device considered to be crippleware can be upgraded to better or its full potential by way of a trivial change, such as removing a jumper wire. The manufacturer would most likely release the crippleware as a low-end or economy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data Validation
In computing, data validation or input validation is the process of ensuring data has undergone data cleansing to confirm it has data quality, that is, that it is both correct and useful. It uses routines, often called "validation rules", "validation constraints", or "check routines", that check for correctness, meaningfulness, and security of data that are input to the system. The rules may be implemented through the automated facilities of a data dictionary, or by the inclusion of explicit application program validation logic of the computer and its application. This is distinct from formal verification, which attempts to prove or disprove the correctness of algorithms for implementing a specification or property. Overview Data validation is intended to provide certain well-defined guarantees for fitness and data consistency, consistency of data in an application or automated system. Data validation rules can be defined and designed using various methodologies, and be deployed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fast Infoset
Fast Infoset (FI) is an international standard that specifies a binary encoding format for the XML Information Set (''XML Infoset'') as an alternative to the XML document format. It aims to provide more efficient serialization than the text-based XML format. FI is effectively a lossless compression, analogous to gzip, for XML, except that while the original formatting is lost, no information is lost in the conversion from XML to FI, and back to XML. While the purpose of compression is to reduce physical data size, FI aims to optimize both document size and processing performance. The Fast Infoset specification is defined by both the ITU-T and the International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) standards bodies. FI is officially defined in ''ITU-T Rec. X.891'' and ''ISO/IEC 24824-1'' and entitled ''Fast Infoset''. The standard was published by ITU-T on May 14, 2005, and by ISO on May 4, 2007. The Fast Infoset standard document c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pointer (computer Programming)
In computer science, a pointer is an object in many programming languages that stores a memory address. This can be that of another value located in computer memory, or in some cases, that of memory-mapped computer hardware. A pointer ''references'' a location in memory, and obtaining the value stored at that location is known as ''dereferencing'' the pointer. As an analogy, a page number in a book's index could be considered a pointer to the corresponding page; dereferencing such a pointer would be done by flipping to the page with the given page number and reading the text found on that page. The actual format and content of a pointer variable is dependent on the underlying computer architecture. Using pointers significantly improves performance for repetitive operations, like traversing iterable data structures (e.g. strings, lookup tables, control tables, linked lists, and tree structures). In particular, it is often much cheaper in time and space to copy and deref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zero-copy
In computer science, zero-copy refers to techniques that enable data transfer between memory spaces without requiring the CPU to copy the data. By avoiding redundant copying, zero-copy methods minimize CPU usage and memory bandwidth, leading to substantial performance gains. This is crucial for applications demanding high data throughput, such as network communication, file I/O, and multimedia processing. Principle Zero-copy programming techniques can be used when exchanging data within a user space process (i.e. between two or more threads, etc.) and/or between two or more processes (see also producer–consumer problem) and/or when data has to be accessed / copied / moved inside kernel space or between a user space process and kernel space portions of operating systems (OS). Usually when a user space process has to execute system operations like reading or writing data from/to a device (i.e. a disk, a NIC, etc.) through their high level software interfaces or like ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
