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Calumma Malthe
''Calumma'' is a genus of chameleons, highly adapted and specialised lizards, in the family Chamaeleonidae. The genus is endemic to the island of Madagascar. One species, formerly known as ''Calumma tigris'' (the Seychelles tiger chameleon), was transferred to the genus '' Archaius'' in 2010, upon the discovery of its closer relation to ''Rieppeleon''—one of several genera referred to collectively as "leaf" or "pygmy" chameleons—rather than to ''Calumma''. The earliest known fossil of the genus is of ''Calumma benovskyi'', from early Miocene Kenya, showing that the genus likely originated on mainland East Africa. The genus includes one of the heaviest and longest chameleon species, the Parson's chameleon (''Calumma parsonii''). Species groups Four species groups are recognised within the genus ''Calumma'' (originally proposed by Glaw & Vences in 1994), some of which may be only phenetic, while others are phylogenetically supported: ''Calumma furcifer'' species group Conten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Parsonii
Parson's chameleon (''Calumma parsonii'') is a species of chameleon in the Family (biology), family Chamaeleonidae that is Endemism, endemic to eastern and northern Madagascar. It is found from lowlands to an altitude of above sea level and mainly inhabits humid primary forest, but can also occur in disturbed habitats with trees. For a chameleon, it is very large, long-lived and slow-reproducing. Etymology The Specific name (zoology), specific name, ''parsonii'', was coined in 1824 by Georges Cuvier in honor of British physician James Parsons (physician), James Parsons. Description The Parson's chameleon is usually considered the world's largest chameleon by weight and one of the largest by length (where it is surpassed by the Malagasy giant chameleon). Adult males typically weigh , have a casque on the top of their head and ridges running from above the eyes to the nose, forming two warty "horns". There are two recognized subspecies: The widespread nominate subspecies, ''Calu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miguel Vences
Professor Miguel Vences (born 24 April 1969 in Cologne) is a German herpetologist and evolutionary biologist. Much of his research is focused on the reptiles and amphibians of Madagascar. Life The son of Galician philosopher Sergio Vences Fernández (1936–2012), Vences attended the Schiller-Gymnasium Köln from 1979 to 1988, and graduated with the German Abitur. The following year he began to study Biology at the University of Cologne. There he met Frank Glaw, and as undergraduate students they undertook their first excursions to Madagascar. 496 pp. After completing the Vordiplom in 1993, Vences transferred to the University of Bonn and the Museum König, where he completed his Diplom studies. Vences continued his studies there as a PhD student under the supervision of Wolfgang Böhme until 2000. His thesis was on the evolutionary history of true frogs ( Ranoidea) and related families in Madagascar. Thereafter, he worked for one year at the National Museum of Natu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Ambreense
''Calumma ambreense'' is a species of chameleon found in Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f .... References Calumma Reptiles of Madagascar Reptiles described in 1974 {{chameleon-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ronald Archie Nussbaum
Ronald Archie Nussbaum (born February 9, 1942) is an American herpetologist. He works with evolutionary biology and ecology of amphibians and reptiles, including systematics of caecilians and salamanders. He is a professor emeritus at the University of Michigan. Education Nussbaum possesses a bachelor's, master's, and doctorate in biology from the University of Idaho, Central Washington University, and Oregon State University, respectively. Taxa described *'' Amietophrynus'' Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler, 2006 *'' Amphiglossus anosyensis'' Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993 *'' Amphiglossus mandokava'' Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993 *'' Amphiglossus punctatus'' Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993 *'' Atretochoana'' Nussbaum & Wilkinson, 1995 *'' Boulengerula fischeri'' Nussbaum & Hinkel, 1994 *'' Brookesia ambreensis'' Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995 *'' Brookesia antakarana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christopher John Raxworthy
Christopher is the English version of a Europe-wide name derived from the Greek name Χριστόφορος (''Christophoros'' or '' Christoforos''). The constituent parts are Χριστός (''Christós''), "Christ" or "Anointed", and φέρειν (''phérein''), "to bear"; hence the "Christ-bearer". As a given name, 'Christopher' has been in use since the 10th century. In English, Christopher may be abbreviated as "Chris", "Topher", and sometimes " Kit". It was frequently the most popular male first name in the United Kingdom, having been in the top twenty in England and Wales from the 1940s until 1995, although it has since dropped out of the top 100. Within the United Kingdom, the name is most common in England and not so common in Wales, Scotland, or Northern Ireland. Cognates in other languages *Afrikaans: Christoffel, Christoforus *Albanian: Kristofer, Kristofor, Kristoforid, Kristo *Arabic: كريستوفر (''Krīstafor, Kristūfar, Krístufer''), اصطفر (''ʔi� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Amber
''Calumma amber'', commonly known as the Amber Mountain chameleon, is a species of chameleons endemic to Antsiranana Province, Madagascar. The species was first observed in 1989 and was first described in 2006, and can only be found in the northernmost portion of the northern Diana Region of Madagascar, on and around Montagne d'Amber National Park. ''C. amber'' was originally considered to be a population of '' C. brevicorne.'' References Further reading * Raxworthy CJ, Nussbaum RA. 2006. Six new species of occipital-lobed ''Calumma'' chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) from Madagascar, with a new description of ''Calumma brevicorne''. ''Copeia'' 2006 (4): 711–734. (''Calumma amber'', new species). amber Amber is fossilized tree resin. Examples of it have been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since the Neolithic times, and worked as a gemstone since antiquity."Amber" (2004). In Maxine N. Lurie and Marc Mappen (eds.) ''Encyclopedia ... Endemic fauna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Nasutum
''Calumma nasutum'', the Madagascar pimple-nose chameleon, is a small species of chameleon found in Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f .... The taxonomic identity of the species is currently uncertain and in need of revision, and this revision is likely to result in several newly described species. Several different data sets indicate that ''C. nasutum'' is a complex of several species. Taxonomy ''Calumma nasutum'' belongs to the so-called "''C. nasutum'' species group" within the genus ''Calumma''. This group is a phenetic one, and has been reconstructed by some studies as being polyphyletic, but the species are unified by their small size and possession of a soft dermal appendage at the front of the nose ("rostral appendage"). The group currently consists o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Furcifer
''Calumma furcifer'', the “fork-nosed” chameleon, is a species of chameleon found in Madagascar, in the western Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or approximately 20% of the water area of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia (continent), .... References Calumma Reptiles of Madagascar Reptiles described in 1880 Taxa named by Léon Vaillant Taxa named by Alfred Grandidier {{chameleon-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetically
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical data and observed heritable traits of DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, and morphology. The results are a phylogenetic tree—a diagram depicting the hypothetical relationships among the organisms, reflecting their inferred evolutionary history. The tips of a phylogenetic tree represent the observed entities, which can be living taxa or fossils. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the taxa represented on the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about directionality of character state transformation, and does not show the origin or "root" of the taxa in question. In addition to their use for inferring phylogenetic patterns ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenetic
In biology, phenetics (; ), also known as taximetrics, is an attempt to classify organisms based on overall similarity, usually with respect to Morphology (biology), morphology or other observable traits, regardless of their phylogeny or evolutionary relation. It is related closely to numerical taxonomy which is concerned with the use of numerical methods for taxonomic classification. Many people contributed to the development of phenetics, but the most influential were Peter Sneath and Robert R. Sokal. Their books are still primary references for this sub-discipline, although now out of print. Phenetics has been largely superseded by cladistics for research into evolutionary relationships among species. However, certain phenetic methods, such as neighbor-joining, are used for phylogenetics, as a reasonable approximation of phylogeny when more advanced methods (such as Bayesian inference) are too expensive computationally. Phenetic techniques include various forms of Cluster ana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parson's Chameleon
Parson's chameleon (''Calumma parsonii'') is a species of chameleon in the family Chamaeleonidae that is endemic to eastern and northern Madagascar. It is found from lowlands to an altitude of above sea level and mainly inhabits humid primary forest, but can also occur in disturbed habitats with trees. For a chameleon, it is very large, long-lived and slow-reproducing. Etymology The specific name, ''parsonii'', was coined in 1824 by Georges Cuvier in honor of British physician James Parsons. Description The Parson's chameleon is usually considered the world's largest chameleon by weight and one of the largest by length (where it is surpassed by the Malagasy giant chameleon). Adult males typically weigh , have a casque on the top of their head and ridges running from above the eyes to the nose, forming two warty "horns". There are two recognized subspecies: The widespread nominate subspecies, ''Calumma p. parsonii'', of both lowlands and mid-elevation altitudes, has no dorsa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Africa
East Africa, also known as Eastern Africa or the East of Africa, is a region at the eastern edge of the Africa, African continent, distinguished by its unique geographical, historical, and cultural landscape. Defined in varying scopes, the region is recognized in the United Nations Statistics Division United Nations geoscheme for Africa, scheme as encompassing 18 sovereign states and 4 territories. It includes the Horn of Africa to the North and Southeastern Africa to the south. Definitions In a narrow sense, particularly in English-speaking contexts, East Africa refers to the area comprising Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, largely due to their shared history under the Omani Empire and as parts of the British East Africa Protectorate and German East Africa. Further extending East Africa's definition, the Horn of Africa—comprising Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia—stands out as a distinct geopolitical entity within East Africa.Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
