|
CDC SCOPE
SCOPE (Supervisory Control of Program Execution) is a series of Control Data Corporation batch operating systems developed in the 1960s. Variants * SCOPE for the CDC 3000 series * SCOPE for the CDC 6000 series * SCOPE and SCOPE-2 for the CDC 7600/Cyber-76 SCOPE for the CDC 3000 series SCOPE for the CDC 6000 series This operating system was based on the original Chippewa Operating System. In the early 1970s, it was renamed NOS/BE for the CDC Cyber machines. The SCOPE operating system is a file-oriented system using mass storage, random access devices. It was designed to make use of all capabilities of CDC 6000 computer systems and exploits fully the multiple-operating modes of all segments of the computer. Main tasks of SCOPE are controlling job execution, storage assignment, performing segment and overlay loading. Its features include comprehensive input/output functions and library maintenance routines. The operating system chronologically records all jobs run and any pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Control Data Corporation
Control Data Corporation (CDC) was a mainframe and supercomputer company that in the 1960s was one of the nine major U.S. computer companies, which group included IBM, the Burroughs Corporation, and the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), the NCR Corporation (NCR), General Electric, Honeywell, RCA, and UNIVAC. For most of the 1960s, the strength of CDC was the work of the electrical engineer Seymour Cray who developed a series of fast computers, then considered the fastest computing machines in the world; in the 1970s, Cray left the Control Data Corporation and founded Cray Research (CRI) to design and make supercomputers. In 1988, after much financial loss, the Control Data Corporation began withdrawing from making computers and sold the affiliated companies of CDC; in 1992, CDC established Control Data Systems, Inc. The remaining affiliate companies of CDC currently do business as the software company Dayforce. Background: World War II – 1957 During World War II the Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
COBOL
COBOL (; an acronym for "common business-oriented language") is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use. It is an imperative, procedural, and, since 2002, object-oriented language. COBOL is primarily used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments. COBOL is still widely used in applications deployed on mainframe computers, such as large-scale batch and transaction processing jobs. Many large financial institutions were developing new systems in the language as late as 2006, but most programming in COBOL today is purely to maintain existing applications. Programs are being moved to new platforms, rewritten in modern languages, or replaced with other software. COBOL was designed in 1959 by CODASYL and was partly based on the programming language FLOW-MATIC, designed by Grace Hopper. It was created as part of a U.S. Department of Defense effort to create a portable programming language for data pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NOS (operating System)
NOS (Network Operating System) is a discontinued operating system with time-sharing capabilities, written by Control Data Corporation in 1975. NOS ran on the 60-bit CDC 6000 series of mainframe computers and their successors. NOS replaced the earlier CDC Kronos operating system of the 1970s. NOS was intended to be the sole operating system for all CDC machines, a fact CDC promoted heavily. NOS was replaced with NOS/VE on the 64-bit CDC Cyber, Cyber-180 systems in the mid-1980s. Version 1 of NOS continued to be updated until about 1981; NOS version 2 was released early 1982. Time-sharing commands * ACCESS – selects the access subsystem * APL – selects APL (programming language), APL programing language * ASCII – select fill 128-character ASCII * ATTACH – links to a permanent file * AUTO – automatically generate five-digit line numbers * BASIC – selects BASIC system * BATCH – selects the batch system * BEGIN – starts processing of CCL procedure (control language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CDC Kronos
Kronos is an operating system with time-sharing capabilities, written by Control Data Corporation in 1971. Kronos ran on the 60-bit CDC 6000 series mainframe computers and their successors. CDC replaced Kronos with the NOS operating system in the late 1970s, which were succeeded by the NOS/VE operating system in the mid-1980s. The MACE operating system and APEX were forerunners to KRONOS. It was written by Control Data systems programmer Greg Mansfield, Dave Cahlander, Bob Tate and three others. See also * CDC SCOPE SCOPE (Supervisory Control of Program Execution) is a series of Control Data Corporation batch operating systems developed in the 1960s. Variants * SCOPE for the CDC 3000 series * SCOPE for the CDC 6000 series * SCOPE and SCOPE-2 for the CDC ... References KRONOS Discontinued operating systems Time-sharing operating systems {{Operating-system-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emulator
In computing, an emulator is Computer hardware, hardware or software that enables one computer system (called the ''host'') to behave like another computer system (called the ''guest''). An emulator typically enables the host system to run software or use peripheral devices designed for the guest system. Emulation refers to the ability of a computer program in an electronic device to emulate (or imitate) another program or device. Many printer (computing), printers, for example, are designed to emulate Hewlett-Packard, HP LaserJet printers because a significant amount of software is written specifically for HP models. If a non-HP printer emulates an HP printer, any software designed for an actual HP printer will also function on the non-HP device, producing equivalent print results. Since at least the 1990s, many video game enthusiasts and hobbyists have used emulators to play classic arcade games from the 1980s using the games' original 1980s machine code and data, which is in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arden Hills, Minnesota
Arden Hills ( ) is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 9,939 at the 2020 census. Bethel University and its seminary is located in the city. Also, the campus of University of Northwestern – St. Paul straddles the Arden Hills – Roseville border. The city contains the headquarters of Land O'Lakes and Catholic United Financial, a fraternal benefit society. Boston Scientific also has a large campus within Arden Hills as well. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Interstate Highway 35W, Interstate Highway 694, U.S. Highway 10, Minnesota Highway 51/Snelling Avenue, and County Highway 96 are some of the main routes in the city. Demographics 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 9,552 people, 2,957 households, and 2,019 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 3,053 housing units at an average density of . The racia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunnyvale, California
Sunnyvale () is a city located in the Santa Clara Valley in northwestern Santa Clara County, California, United States. Sunnyvale lies along the historic El Camino Real (California), El Camino Real and U.S. Route 101 in California, Highway 101 and is bordered by portions of San Jose, California, San Jose to the north, Moffett Federal Airfield and NASA Ames Research Center to the northwest, Mountain View, California, Mountain View to the northwest, Los Altos, California, Los Altos to the southwest, Cupertino, California, Cupertino to the south, and Santa Clara, California, Santa Clara to the east. Sunnyvale's population was 155,805 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the second most populous city in the county (after San Jose, California, San Jose) and the List of cities and towns in the San Francisco Bay Area, seventh most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area. As one of the major cities that make up California's High tech, high-tech area known as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supercomputer
A supercomputer is a type of computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer. The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million instructions per second (MIPS). Since 2022, supercomputers have existed which can perform over 1018 FLOPS, so called Exascale computing, exascale supercomputers. For comparison, a desktop computer has performance in the range of hundreds of gigaFLOPS (1011) to tens of teraFLOPS (1013). Since November 2017, all of the TOP500, world's fastest 500 supercomputers run on Linux-based operating systems. Additional research is being conducted in the United States, the European Union, Taiwan, Japan, and China to build faster, more powerful and technologically superior exascale supercomputers. Supercomputers play an important role in the field of computational science, and are used for a wide range of computationally intensive tasks in various fields, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PERT
Pert or PERT may refer to: Ships * - see List of United States Navy ships: P * , a World War II corvette, originally HMS ''Nepeta'' * Pert (sidewheeler), ''Pert'' (sidewheeler), a 19th-century steamboat that operated in British Columbia, Canada Statistics * PERT distribution People * Pert (surname) * Pert Kelton (1907–1968), American actress PERT * Program evaluation and review technique, or PERT Chart, a planning method * Postsecondary Education Readiness Test, a placement test used by Florida high schools and colleges * Pancreatic enzymes (medication), Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy or PERT is a treatment for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Other uses * Pert Plus, a brand of shampoo marketed in Australia and New Zealand as Pert * P e ^ , an expression to calculate the expected return from a Compound interest#Continuous compounding, continuously compounded investment given the principal, rate, and time See also * * Peart, a surname {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SIMULA
Simula is the name of two simulation programming languages, Simula I and Simula 67, developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo, by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard. Syntactically, it is an approximate superset of ALGOL 60, and was also influenced by the design of SIMSCRIPT. Simula 67 introduced objects, classes, inheritance and subclasses, virtual procedures, coroutines, and discrete event simulation, and featured garbage collection. Other forms of subtyping (besides inheriting subclasses) were introduced in Simula derivatives. Simula is considered the first object-oriented programming language. As its name suggests, the first Simula version by 1962 was designed for doing simulations; Simula 67 though was designed to be a general-purpose programming language and provided the framework for many of the features of object-oriented languages today. Simula has been used in a wide range of applications such as simulating very-large-scale inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SIMSCRIPT
SIMSCRIPT is a free-form, English-like general-purpose simulation language conceived by Harry Markowitz and Bernard Hausner at the RAND Corporation in 1962. It was implemented as a Fortran preprocessor on the IBM 7090 and was designed for large discrete event simulations. It influenced Simula. Though earlier versions were released into the public domain, SIMSCRIPT was commercialized by Markowitz's company, California Analysis Center, Inc. (CACI), which produced proprietary versions SIMSCRIPT I.5 and SIMSCRIPT II.5. SIMSCRIPT II.5 SIMSCRIPT II.5 was the last pre-PC incarnation of SIMSCRIPT, one of the oldest computer simulation languages. Although military contractor CACI released it in 1971, it still enjoys wide use in large-scale military and air-traffic control simulations. :''SIMSCRIPT II.5 is a powerful, free-form, English-like, general-purpose simulation programming language. It supports the application of software engineering principles, such as structured programming ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JOVIAL
JOVIAL is a high-level programming language based on ALGOL 58, specialized for developing embedded systems (specialized computer systems designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions, usually embedded as part of a larger, more complete device, including mechanical parts). It was a major system programming language through the 1960s and 1970s. History JOVIAL was developed as a new "high-order" programming language starting in 1959 by a team at System Development Corporation (SDC) headed by Jules Schwartz to compose software for the electronics of military aircraft. The name ''JOVIAL'' is an acronym for ''Jules' Own Version'' ''of the International Algebraic Language''; ''International Algorithmic Language'' (IAL) was a name proposed originally for ALGOL 58. According to Schwartz, the language was originally called ''OVIAL'', but this was opposed for various reasons. ''JOVIAL'' was then suggested, with no meaning attached to the ''J''. Somewhat jokingly it was suggest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
