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Alosa
''Alosa'' is a genus of fish, the river herrings, in the family Alosidae. Along with other genera in the subfamily Alosinae, they are generally known as shads. tp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/ac482e/ac482e27.pdf Subfamily AlosinaeFAO Fisheries Bulletin They are distinct from other herrings by having a deeper body and spawning in rivers. Several species can be found on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Also, several taxa occur in the brackish-water Caspian Sea and the Black Sea basin. Many are found in fresh water during spawning and some are only found in landlocked fresh water. Fossil record These fishes lived from the Eocene to Quaternary (from 55 million years ago to now). Fossils have been found in Canada, the United States, Greece, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Hungary, Romania, and Italy. Appearance ''Alosa'' species are generally dark on the back and top of the head, with blue, violet, or greenish tints. Some can be identified as having a grey or g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allis Shad
The allis shad (''Alosa alosa'') is a widespread Northeast Atlantic species of fish in the Alosidae, Alosidae family. It is an Fish migration, anadromous fish which migrates into fresh water to spawn. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the western Baltic Sea and the western Mediterranean Sea. In appearance it resembles an Atlantic herring but has a distinctive dark spot behind the gill cover and sometimes a row of up to six spots behind this. It sometimes Hybrid (biology), hybridises with the twait shad (''A. fallax''). This fish becomes mature when three or more years old and migrates to estuaries, later swimming up rivers to spawn. Populations of this fish have declined due to overfishing, pollution and habitat destruction. Conservation of this species is covered by Appendix III of the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Bern Convention and Appendix II and V of the Habitats Directive, European Community Habitats Directive. D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twaite Shad
The twait shad or twaite shad (''Alosa fallax'') is a species of fish in the family Alosidae. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea and is an anadromous fish which lives in the sea but migrates into fresh water to spawn. In appearance it resembles an Atlantic herring but has a row of six to ten distinctive spots on its silvery flanks. They become mature when three or more years old and migrate to estuaries, later swimming up rivers to spawn. Populations of this fish have declined due to overfishing, pollution and habitat destruction. Conservation of this species is covered by Appendix III of the Bern Convention and Appendix II and V of the European Community Habitats Directive. Description The twait shad is a typical herring-type fish and much resembles the allis shad. It has no lateral line and the belly is more rounded than that of the sprat and Baltic herring. The gill cover is ridged and the caudal peduncle has large, plate-like scales. This f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twait Shad
The twait shad or twaite shad (''Alosa fallax'') is a species of fish in the family Alosidae. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea and is an Fish migration, anadromous fish which lives in the sea but migrates into fresh water to spawn. In appearance it resembles an Atlantic herring but has a row of six to ten distinctive spots on its silvery flanks. They become mature when three or more years old and migrate to estuaries, later swimming up rivers to spawn. Populations of this fish have declined due to overfishing, water pollution, pollution and habitat destruction. Conservation of this species is covered by Appendix III of the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Bern Convention and Appendix II and V of the Habitats Directive, European Community Habitats Directive. Description The twait shad is a typical herring-type fish and much resembles the allis shad. It has no lateral line and the belly is more rounde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blueback Herring
The blueback herring, blueback shad, or summer shad (''Alosa aestivalis'') is an anadromous species of herring from the east coast of North America, with a range from Nova Scotia to Florida. Blueback herring form schools and are believed to migrate offshore to overwinter near the bottom. These fish are silvery in color, have a series of scutes (modified, spiny and keeled scales) along their bellies, and are characterized by deep bluish-green backs. They reach a maximum size of approximately and are believed to live up to 8 years. The most distinguishing characteristic of this species is the black to dusky color of its peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity). It is one of the "typical" North American shads. They are often confused with alewifes because blueback shad and alewives are difficult to distinguish from one another, and together these two species are often regarded collectively as "river herring". Alewives have larger eyes, greater body depth, and pearly to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shad
The Alosidae, or the shads, are a family (biology), family of clupeiform fishes. The family currently comprises four genera worldwide, and about 32 species. The shads are Pelagic fish, pelagic (open water) schooling fish, of which many are anadromous or even landlocked. Several species are of commercial importance, e.g. in the genus ''Alosa'' (river herrings), ''Brevoortia'' (menhadens), and ''European pilchard, Sardina''. The Alosidae were previously included in the herring family Clupeidae. Genera Alosidae contains the following 4 genera: *''Alosa'' Heinrich Friedrich Linck, H. F. Linck, 1790 (Shads) *''Brevoortia'' Theodore Gill, Gill, 1861 (Menhadens) *''European pilchard, Sardina'' Grigore Antipa, Antipa, 1904 (European pilchard) *''Sardinops'' Carl Leavitt Hubbs, C. L. Hubbs, 1929 (Blue pilchard) The following fossil Alosidae are also known: * †''Eoalosa'' Marramà & Carnevale, 2017 (early Eocene of Italy) * †''Moldavichthys'' Baykina & Schwarzhans, 2017 (mid-late Mioc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alosinae
The Alosidae, or the shads, are a family of clupeiform fishes. The family currently comprises four genera worldwide, and about 32 species. The shads are pelagic (open water) schooling fish, of which many are anadromous or even landlocked. Several species are of commercial importance, e.g. in the genus '' Alosa'' (river herrings), '' Brevoortia'' (menhadens), and '' Sardina''. The Alosidae were previously included in the herring family Clupeidae. Genera Alosidae contains the following 4 genera: *'' Alosa'' H. F. Linck, 1790 (Shads) *'' Brevoortia'' Gill, 1861 (Menhadens) *'' Sardina'' Antipa, 1904 (European pilchard) *'' Sardinops'' C. L. Hubbs, 1929 (Blue pilchard) The following fossil Alosidae are also known: * †'' Eoalosa'' Marramà & Carnevale, 2017 (early Eocene of Italy) * †'' Moldavichthys'' Baykina & Schwarzhans, 2017 (mid-late Miocene of Moldova) * ?†'' Pugliaclupea'' Taverne, 2004 (Late Cretaceous of Italy) * †'' Sanalosa'' Bienkowska-Wasiluk, Granica & Ko ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, described as the List of lakes by area, world's largest lake and usually referred to as a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia: east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia, south of the fertile plains of Southern Russia in Eastern Europe, and north of the mountainous Iranian Plateau. It covers a surface area of (excluding the highly saline lagoon of Garabogazköl to its east), an area approximately equal to that of Japan, with a volume of . It has a salinity of approximately 1.2% (12 g/L), about a third of the salinity of average seawater. It is bounded by Kazakhstan to the northeast, Russia to the northwest, Azerbaijan to the southwest, Iran to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southeast. The name of the Caspian Sea is derived from the ancient Iranian peoples, Iranic Caspians, Caspi people. The sea stretches from north to south, with an average width of . Its gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shad Journal
The Shad Foundation is an international non-profit 501(c)(3) organization established in 1996 for the study, protection, and celebration of shads around the world. Currently, there are more than 30 recognized shad species worldwide. tp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/ac482e/ac482e27.pdf Vol.7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei) by Peter J.P. Whitehead/ref> Shad, which are members of the herring family, are widely distributed, and many are anadromous, meaning that they migrate from fresh to salt water as juveniles and return to freshwater for the express purpose of spawning. Many species are threatened by water pollution, overfishing, habitat destruction, and obstacles to migration, such as dams. How it started In the summer of 1995, Rich Hinrichsen and Curtis Ebbesmeyer peered into a fish ladder through an algae-stained window, hoping to witness a great biologic event: the return of the Columbia River's Pacific salmon. The fish ladders at Bonneville Dam were in fact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern Europe, on the south by North Africa, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border. The Mediterranean Sea covers an area of about , representing 0.7% of the global ocean surface, but its connection to the Atlantic via the Strait of Gibraltar—the narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates the Iberian Peninsula in Europe from Morocco in Africa—is only wide. Geological evidence indicates that around 5.9 million years ago, the Mediterranean was cut off from the Atlantic and was partly or completely desiccation, desiccated over a period of some 600,000 years during the Messinian salinity crisis before being refilled by the Zanclean flood about 5.3 million years ago. The sea was an important ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolphins
A dolphin is an aquatic mammal in the cetacean clade Odontoceti (toothed whale). Dolphins belong to the families Delphinidae (the oceanic dolphins), Platanistidae (the Indian river dolphins), Iniidae (the New World river dolphins), Pontoporiidae (the brackish dolphins), and possibly extinct Lipotidae (baiji or Chinese river dolphin). There are 40 extant species named as dolphins. Dolphins range in size from the and Maui's dolphin to the and orca. Various species of dolphins exhibit sexual dimorphism where the males are larger than females. They have streamlined bodies and two limbs that are modified into flippers. Though not quite as flexible as Pinniped, seals, they are faster; some dolphins can briefly travel at speeds of or leap about . Dolphins use their conical teeth to capture fast-moving Predation, prey. They have well-developed hearing which is adapted for both air and water; it is so well developed that some can survive even if they are blind. Some species are w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelagic
The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean and can be further divided into regions by depth. The word ''pelagic'' is derived . The pelagic zone can be thought of as an imaginary cylinder or water column between the surface of the sea and the bottom. Conditions in the water column change with depth: pressure increases; temperature and light decrease; salinity, oxygen, micronutrients (such as iron, magnesium and calcium) all change. In a manner analogous to stratification in the Earth's atmosphere, the water column can be divided vertically into up to five different layers (illustrated in the diagram), with the number of layers depending on the depth of the water. Marine life is affected by bathymetry (underwater topography) such as the seafloor, shoreline, or a submarine seamount, as well as by proximity to the boundary between the ocean and the atmosphere at the ocean surface, which brings light for photosynthesis, predation from above, and wind st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
