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40s BC
This article concerns the period 49 BC – 40 BC. Significant people * Julius Caesar, Roman dictator (lived 100–44 BC, term 46–44 BC) * Marcus Junius Brutus, Roman politician ( 85–42 BC) * Mark Antony, Roman politician and general ( 83–30 BC) * Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt (lived 70/ 69–30 BC, reigned 51–30 BC)—enters her twenties, has son Caesarion with Julius Caesar, before meeting Mark Antony * Gaius Iulius Caesar Octavianus, Roman politician and general (62 BC–AD 14) * Pharaoh Ptolemy XV Caesarion (lived 47–30 BC, reigned 44–30 BC) * Gaius Cassius Longinus, Roman politician (died 42 BC __NOTOC__ Year 42 BC was either a common year starting on Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a common year starting on T ...) References {{DEFAULTSORT:40s Bc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (12 or 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in Caesar's civil war, a civil war. He subsequently became Roman dictator, dictator from 49 BC until Assassination of Julius Caesar, his assassination in 44 BC. Caesar played a critical role in Crisis of the Roman Republic, the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. In 60 BC, Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, Crassus, and Pompey formed the First Triumvirate, an informal political alliance that dominated Roman politics for several years. Their attempts to amass political power were opposed by many in the Roman Senate, Senate, among them Cato the Younger with the private support of Cicero. Caesar rose to become one of the most powerful politicians in the Roman Republic through a string of military victories in the G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
30 BC
__NOTOC__ Year 30 BC was either a common year starting on Wednesday, Thursday or Friday or a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Octavian and Crassus (or, less frequently, year 724 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 30 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Republic * Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus becomes consul for the fourth time. His partner is Marcus Licinius Crassus the Younger. * Spring – Octavian leads his army to the Dardanelles, ships them across to Asia Minor and marches into Syria where Herod the Great sends him vows of loyalty and thousands of his own troops in support. * Summer – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
47 BC
__NOTOC__ Year 47 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Calenius and Vatinius (or, less frequently, year 707 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 47 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Republic * Consuls: Quintus Fufius Calenus, Publius Vatinius. * Julius Caesar returns to Rome and is dictator for a year. * Civil War: ** August – Julius Caesar leads victory against Pharnaces II of Pontus and at the Battle of Zela. ** August – Julius Caesar quells a mutiny of his veterans in Rome. ** October – Caesar's invasion of Africa, against Metellus Scipio and Labienus, Caesar's former lieutenant in Gaul. Egypt * January 13 – Queen Cleopatra VII promotes her younger brother Ptolemy XIV of Egypt to co-ruler. * February – Caesar and his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ptolemy XV
Ptolemy XV Caesar (; , ; 47 BC – late August 30 BC), nicknamed Caesarion (, , "Little Caesar"), was the last pharaoh of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, reigning with his mother Cleopatra VII from 2 September 44 BC until her death by 10 or 12 August 30 BC, then as sole ruler until his death was ordered by Octavian (who would become the first Roman emperor as Augustus). Caesarion was the eldest son of Cleopatra, and was the only known biological son of Julius Caesar, after whom he was named. He was the last sovereign member of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt. Early life Ptolemy Caesar was born in Egypt in mid to late 47 BC. His mother Cleopatra gave him the royal names Theos Philopator Philometor (lit. 'father-loving, mother-loving God') and insisted that he was the son of Roman politician and dictator Julius Caesar. While he was said to have inherited Caesar's looks and manner, Caesar did not officially acknowledge him. All accusations of bastardy against Caesarion were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AD 14
__NOTOC__ AD 14 (Roman numerals, XIV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sextus Pompeius (consul 14), Pompeius and Sextus Appuleius, Appuleius (or, less frequently, year 767 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination AD 14 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Augustus' third (and final) 20-year census of the Roman Empire reports a total of 4,973,000 citizens. * August 19 – Augustus, the first Roman emperor, dies and is declared to be a god. * September 18 – Tiberius succeeds his stepfather Augustus as Roman emperor. * Legions on the Rhine mutiny after the death of Augustus; Germanicus restores discipline amongst the legions. * Germanicus is appointed commander of the forces in Germany, beginning a campaign that will end in 16. * Germanicu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
62 BC
__NOTOC__ Year 62 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Silanus and Murena (or, less frequently, year 692 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 62 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Republic * January 5 – The forces of the conspirator Catiline are defeated by the loyal Roman armies of Antonius Hybrida led by Marcus Petreius in the Battle of Pistoria. * Julius Caesar divorces Pompeia, following the sacrilege of Publius Clodius Pulcher. * Cicero delivers his Pro Archia Poeta in defense of Aulus Licinius Archias' claim to Roman citizenship. * Cato the Younger, as tribune, presents a ''lex frumentaria'' ( enacting a grain dole). * Metellus Nepos, also tribune, leaves Rome. * Caesar and Bibulus are praetors. Commagene * King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augustus
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (), was the founder of the Roman Empire, who reigned as the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. The reign of Augustus initiated an Roman imperial cult, imperial cult and an era of regional hegemony, imperial peace (the or ) in which the Roman world was largely free of armed conflict. The Principate system of government was established during his reign and lasted until the Crisis of the Third Century. Octavian was born into an equites, equestrian branch of the plebeian Octavia gens, Octavia. Following his maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar's assassination of Julius Caesar, assassination in 44 BC, Octavian was named in Caesar's will as his Adoption in ancient Rome, adopted son and heir, and inherited Caesar's name, estate, and the loyalty of his legions. He, Mark Antony, and Marcus Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caesarion
Ptolemy XV Caesar (; , ; 47 BC – late August 30 BC), nicknamed Caesarion (, , "Little Caesar"), was the last pharaoh of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, reigning with his mother Cleopatra VII from 2 September 44 BC until her death by 10 or 12 August 30 BC, then as sole ruler until his death was ordered by Octavian (who would become the first Roman emperor as Augustus). Caesarion was the eldest son of Cleopatra, and was the only known biological son of Julius Caesar, after whom he was named. He was the last sovereign member of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt. Early life Ptolemy Caesar was born in Egypt in mid to late 47 BC. His mother Cleopatra gave him the royal names Theos Philopator Philometor (lit. 'father-loving, mother-loving God') and insisted that he was the son of Roman politician and dictator Julius Caesar. While he was said to have inherited Caesar's looks and manner, Caesar did not officially acknowledge him. All accusations of bastardy against Caesarion wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
51 BC
__NOTOC__ Year 51 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marcellus and Sulpicius (or, less frequently, year 703 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 51 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Republic * Consuls: Marcus Claudius Marcellus and Servius Sulpicius Rufus. * Pompey demands that Julius Caesar lay down his command before he can stand for consul. Egypt * Spring – King Ptolemy XII (Auletes) dies and is succeeded by his eldest surviving daughter Cleopatra VII and her younger brother Ptolemy XIII as co-rulers of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. Asia * The Xiongnu split into two hordes. The Eastern horde is subject to China. Births * Cheng, Chinese emperor of the Han dynasty (d. 7 BC) * Publius Sulpicius Quirinius, Roman aristocrat (d. 21 AD) Deaths * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
69 BC
__NOTOC__ Year 69 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Hortensius and Metellus (or, less frequently, year 685 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 69 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Republic * October 6 – Roman Republic troops under Lucius Lucullus defeat the army of Tigranes II of Armenia in the Battle of Tigranocerta, and capture Tigranocerta, capital of Armenia. * Consuls: Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus and Quintus Hortensius. * Antiochus XIII Asiaticus is installed as king of Syria. * Parthians and Romans re-establish Euphrates as a frontier. * Gaius Julius Caesar is a quaestor in Spain. Egypt * Ptolemy XII deposes Cleopatra V, and becomes sole ruler. Greece * Kydonia, an ancient city on the island of Crete falls to Roman milit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
70 BC
__NOTOC__ Year 70 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Pompeius and Crassus (or, less frequently, year 684 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 70 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Republic * August – In Rome, Cicero prosecutes former governor Verres; Verres exiles himself to Marseille before the trial is over. * The office of censor is reinstated. * Lucullus captures Sinop, then invades Armenia. Parthia * Phraates III becomes the king of Parthia. Births * October 15 – Virgil, Roman poet (d. 19 BC) * Cleopatra VII, queen of Egypt (d. 30 BC) * Crinagoras, Greek epigrammatist (d. 18 BC) * Gaius Maecenas, Roman politician (d. 8 BC) Deaths * Mithridates I, king of Commagene * Sanatruces (or Sanatruk), king of Parthia Parthia ( ''ParÎ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cleopatra VII Of Egypt
Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (; The name Cleopatra is pronounced , or sometimes in both British and American English, see and respectively. Her name was pronounced in the Greek dialect of Egypt (see Koine Greek phonology). She was also styled as Thea Neotera () and Philopatris (); see 70/69 BC10 or 12 August 30 BC) was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC, and the last active Hellenistic pharaoh.She was also a diplomat, naval commander, linguist, and medical author; see and . A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she was a descendant of its founder Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian Greek general and companion of Alexander the Great. writes about Ptolemy I Soter: "The Ptolemaic dynasty, of which Cleopatra was the last representative, was founded at the end of the fourth century BC. The Ptolemies were not of Egyptian extraction, but stemmed from Ptolemy Soter, a Macedonian Greek in the entourage of Alexander the Great."For add ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
