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1994 In Botswana
The following lists events that happened during the 1990s in Botswana. Incumbents * President: ** Quett Masire (1980–1998) ** Festus Mogae (1998–2008) * Vice President ** Peter Mmusi (1983–1992) ** Festus Mogae (1992–1998) ** Ian Khama (1998–2008) Events 1990 * Namibia is established as an independent country to the west of Botswana, giving the country another route to the ocean beside South Africa. 1991 * Sowa Soda Ash Works is established. * 12,000 public sector employees are removed from their positions for engaging in strike action. * Apartheid in neighbouring South Africa ends. 1992 * March – Peter Mmusi steps down as vice president amid scandal. He is replaced by Festus Mogae. * 3 July – A ruling is made in favour of Unity Dow in '' Attorney General of Botswana v. Unity Dow''. 1993 * The Pula Fund, a sovereign wealth fund, is established. * The human rights group Ditshwanelo is founded. 1994 * 11 July – The Directorate on Corrupt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directorate On Corruption And Economic Crime
Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime (DCEC) is a Botswanan anti-corruption agency founded in 1994 by the government of Botswana Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory part of the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the sou ... that sets out to monitor, expose & prevent acts of corruption The current director general of the organisation is Botlhale Makgekgenene. Whistle-blowers are an essential source for the organisation as their whole operational mode is built upon reports received from whistle-blowers. See also * Corruption in Botswana * Botswana Center for Public Integrity References Further reading * External links * Lists of government agencies Corruption in Botswana Anti-corruption agencies {{Botswana-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Dingake
Michael Kitso Dingake (11 February 1928 – 7 April 2024) was a Botswana political activist, writer and founding president of the Botswana Congress Party. Biography Education Dingake commenced his educational journey at Bobonong Primary School, where he pursued his studies from 1936 to 1941. He studied at South Africa for his secondary education, enrolling at St Ansgars Institution, Roodepoort, from 1942 to 1943, and later at Pax College in Polokwane in 1946. He obtained his senior certificate through private studies at Damelin College in Johannesburg. During his time of adversity, while incarcerated on Robben Island, he furthered his education, earning three degrees: a BA in Political Science and Economics, a BA in Public Administration and Local Government Accounting, and a B.Com in Business Economics and Accounting. Career and Activism Dingake's journey in activism commenced in 1952 when he joined the African National Congress (ANC) during the Defiance Campaign. Ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botswana Congress Party
The Botswana Congress Party (BCP) is a social democratic political party in Botswana. Founded in 1998 as a result of a split from the Botswana National Front (BNF), the party attracted most of the BNF's sitting MPs due to a leadership dispute involving the BNF's leader, Kenneth Koma. History The BCP was formed by 11 sitting MPs and immediately became the official opposition in parliament. Party president Michael Dingake served as Leader of the Opposition until parliament was dissolved in advance of the 1999 general elections. In the 1999 general elections, the BCP won 11.9% of the vote and retained only one seat (out of 40). In the elections, 30 October 2004, the party won 16.6% of the popular vote and one out of 57 seats. The sole BCP member of parliament was Dumelang Saleshando, the son of then BCP president, Gilson Saleshando. In 2009, the party contested the 2009 election in a pact with the Botswana Alliance Movement. However, talks to form an alliance with the Botswan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Term Limit
A term limit is a legal restriction on the number of terms a person may serve in a particular elected office. When term limits are found in presidential and semi-presidential systems they act as a method of curbing the potential for monopoly, where a leader effectively becomes " president for life". Term limits may be a lifetime limit on the number of terms an officeholder may serve, or a limit on the number of consecutive terms. According to a 2020 analysis, nearly one in four incumbents who face term limits seek to circumvent the term limits through various strategies, including constitutional amendments, working with the judiciary to reinterpret the term limits, let a placeholder govern for the incumbent, and cancelling or delaying elections. History Europe Term limits date back to Ancient Greece and the Roman Republic, as well as the Republic of Venice. In ancient Athenian democracy, many officeholders were limited to a single term. Council members were allowed a maximum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independent Electoral Commission (Botswana)
The Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) of Botswana is an independent electoral management body that was established in 1997 under current Section 65A of the Constitution by former President Ketumile Masire. It is intended to manage the fair conduct of parliamentary and local government elections and referendums. It does not have the power to delimit constituencies or determine election disputes. The IEC is served by a Secretariat headed by the Secretary appointed by the President, in accordance with Section 66. As of 2024, the chairman is Hon. Justice Barnabas. The IEC relies on the government for its resources, including transport, finance, and staff. History The IEC was created as a reaction to the opposition by the Botswana National Front, which opposed the primary elections of the Lobatse– Barolong constituency in 1984. After the 1997 national referendum, the IEC was enacted in June 1998. In 1997, the Parliament passed the Constitutional (Amendment) Act 18/1997, whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1997 Botswana Electoral Reform Referendum
A referendum on electoral reform was held in Botswana on 4 October 1997. The referendum had three separate proposals, and came following promises made by President Quett Masire after violent protests in 1995. EISA All three proposals were passed, although voter turnout was only around 17%. African Elections Database Question I The first question asked voters whether they approved of amending the , and replace the post of Supervisor of Elections, introduced following[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botho University
Botho University (formerly known as Botho College/NIIT) is Botswana's largest private tertiary educational provider, founded in 1997. The college offers certificates, diplomas and graduate degrees in accountancy and computer science. It is the first private tertiary institution in the country to be accredited by thTertiary Education Council(TEC). All of its programs are also accredited by the Botswana Qualification Authority (BQA). It has trained 16,000 graduates, and enrolls 4,000 students, supported by 150 academic staff. Botho's Computing Science programs are partnered with international institutions such as NIIT, Open University and Teesside University. Extra-curricular activities Botho University Linkz ICT Challenge In 2009, Botho University launched an ICT-based competition called LINKZ The ICT Challenge, which brings together the best ICT students in the country. For this competition Botho University launched a page on their website. It tests students' knowledge in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vision 2016
Vision, Visions, or The Vision may refer to: Perception Optical perception * Visual perception, the sense of sight * Visual system, the physical mechanism of eyesight * Computer vision, a field dealing with how computers can be made to gain understanding from digital images or videos * Machine vision, technology for imaging-based automatic inspection Perception of the future * Foresight (psychology), in business, the ability to envisage future market trends and plan accordingly * Goal, a desired result ** Vision statement, a declaration of objectives to guide decision-making Other perceptions * Vision (spirituality), a supernatural experience that conveys a revelation * Hallucination, a perception of something that does not exist Arts and media Events * Vision Festival, a New York City art festival * Visions (convention), a science fiction event Film and television Film * ''Vision'' (2009 film), German film * ''Vision'' (2018 film), Japanese-French film * ''The Vision'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pension
A pension (; ) is a fund into which amounts are paid regularly during an individual's working career, and from which periodic payments are made to support the person's retirement from work. A pension may be either a " defined benefit plan", where defined periodic payments are made in retirement and the sponsor of the scheme (e.g. the employer) must make further payments into the fund if necessary to support these defined retirement payments, or a " defined contribution plan", under which defined amounts are paid in during working life, and the retirement payments are whatever can be afforded from the fund. Pensions should not be confused with severance pay; the former is usually paid in regular amounts for life after retirement, while the latter is typically paid as a fixed amount after involuntary termination of employment before retirement. The terms " retirement plan" and " superannuation" tend to refer to a pension granted upon retirement of the individual; the terminolog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ritual Killing
A ritual is a repeated, structured sequence of actions or behaviors that alters the internal or external state of an individual, group, or environment, regardless of conscious understanding, emotional context, or symbolic meaning. Traditionally associated with gestures, words, or revered objects, rituals also occur in non-human species, such as elephant mourning or corvid object-leaving. They may be prescribed by tradition, including religious practices, and are often characterized by formalism, traditionalism, rule-governance, and performance. Rituals are a feature of all known human societies. They include not only the worship rites and sacraments of organized religions and cults, but also rites of passage, atonement and purification rites, oaths of allegiance, dedication ceremonies, coronations and presidential inaugurations, marriages, funerals and more. Even common actions like hand-shaking and saying "hello" may be termed as ''rituals''. The field of ritual studies has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
