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Bruceton Analysis
A Bruceton analysis is one way of analyzing the sensitivity of explosive An explosive (or explosive material) is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of potential energy that can produce an explosion if released suddenly, usually accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound, and pressure. An expl ...s as described originally by Dixon and Mood in 1948. Also known as the " Up and Down Test" or "the staircase method", a Bruceton analysis relies upon two parameters: first stimulus and step size. A stimulus is provided to the sample, and the results noted. If a positive result is noted, then the stimulus is decremented by the step size. If a negative result occurs, the stimulus is increased. The test continues with each sample tested at a stimulus 1 step up or down from the previous stimulus if the previous result was negative or positive. The results are tabulated and analyzed via Bruceton analysis, a simple computation of sums that can be performed by pencil a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Explosive
An explosive (or explosive material) is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of potential energy that can produce an explosion if released suddenly, usually accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound, and pressure. An explosive charge is a measured quantity of explosive material, which may either be composed solely of one ingredient or be a mixture containing at least two substances. The potential energy stored in an explosive material may, for example, be * chemical energy, such as nitroglycerin or grain dust * pressurized gas, such as a gas cylinder, aerosol can, or BLEVE * nuclear energy, such as in the fissile isotopes uranium-235 and plutonium-239 Explosive materials may be categorized by the speed at which they expand. Materials that detonate (the front of the chemical reaction moves faster through the material than the speed of sound) are said to be "high explosives" and materials that deflagrate are said to be "low explosives". Explosives may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Up-and-Down Designs
Up-and-down designs (UDDs) are a family of statistical Design of experiments, experiment designs used in dose (biochemistry), dose-finding experiments in science, engineering, and medical research. Dose-finding experiments have ''binary responses'': each individual outcome can be described as one of two possible values, such as success vs. failure or toxic vs. non-toxic. Mathematically the binary responses are coded as 1 and 0. The goal of dose-finding experiments is to estimate the strength of treatment (i.e., the "dose") that would trigger the "1" response a pre-specified proportion of the time. This dose can be envisioned as a percentile of the Cumulative distribution function, distribution of response thresholds. An example where dose-finding is used is in an experiment to estimate the median lethal dose, LD50 of some toxic chemical with respect to mice. Dose-finding designs are sequential and response-adaptive: the dose at a given point in the experiment depends upon previous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neyer D-optimal Test
The Neyer d-optimal test is a sensitivity test. It can be used to answer questions such as "How far can a carton of eggs fall, on average, before one breaks?" If these egg cartons are very expensive, the person running the test would like to minimize the number of cartons dropped, to keep the experiment cheaper and to perform it faster. The Neyer test allows the experimenter to choose the experiment that gives the most information. In this case, given the history of egg cartons which have already been dropped, and whether those cartons broke or not, the Neyer test says "you will learn the most if you drop the next egg carton from a height of 32.123 meters." Applications The Neyer test is useful in any situation when you wish to determine the average amount of a given stimulus needed in order to trigger a response. Examples: * Material Toughness - how far does this type of bottle filled with detergent need to fall before it breaks? * Drug Efficacy - how much of this drug is eno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safety Testing Of Explosives
The safety testing of explosives involves the determination of various properties of the different energetic materials that are used in commercial, mining, and military applications. It is highly desirable to measure the conditions under which explosives can be set off for several reasons, including: safety in handling, safety in storage, and safety in use. It would be very difficult to provide an absolute scale for sensitivity with respect to the different properties of explosives. Therefore, it is generally required that one or more compounds be considered a standard for comparison to those compounds being tested. For example, PETN is considered to be a primary explosive by some individuals, and a secondary explosive by others. As a general rule, PETN is considered to be either a relatively insensitive primary explosive, or one of the most sensitive secondary explosives. PETN may be detonated by striking with a hammer on a hard steel surface (a very dangerous thing to do), and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
