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Beet Armyworm
The beet armyworm or small mottled willow moth (''Spodoptera exigua'') is one of the best-known agricultural pest insects. It is also known as the asparagus fern caterpillar. It is native to Asia, but has been introduced worldwide and is now found almost anywhere its many host crops are grown. The voracious larvae are the main culprits. In the British Isles, where it is an introduced species and not known to breed, the adult moth is known as the small mottled willow moth. Discovery Thought to have originated in south-east Asian countries, it was first discovered in North America about 1876, when it was found in Oregon, and it reached Florida in 1924. Description The adult is a drab brown or grey moth with a wingspan of . Forewing is greyish ochreous in color, washed with dull yellow and sprinkled with black scales. Inner and outer lines are double, indistinct, filled in with pale yellowish color. A dark waved median shade visible before lower half of outer line. Cell is dark b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Hübner
Jacob Hübner (20 June 1761 – 13 September 1826, in Augsburg) was a German entomologist. He was the author of ''Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge'' (1796–1805), a founding work of entomology. Scientific career Hübner was the author of ''Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge'' (1796–1805), a founding work of entomology. He was one of the first specialists to work on the European Lepidoptera. He described many new species, for example ''Sesia bembeciformis'' and ''Euchloe tagis'', many of them common. He also described many new genera. He was a designer and engraver and from 1786 he worked for three years as a designer and engraver at a cotton factory in Ukraine. There he collected butterflies and moths including descriptions and illustrations of some in ''Beiträge zur Geschichte der Schmetterlinge'' (1786–1790) along with other new species from the countryside around his home in Augsburg. Hübner's masterwork "Tentamen" was intended as a discussion document. Ina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cereals
A cereal is any grass cultivated for the edible components of its grain (botanically, a type of fruit called a caryopsis), composed of the endosperm, germ, and bran. Cereal grain crops are grown in greater quantities and provide more food energy worldwide than any other type of crop and are therefore staple crops. They include wheat, rye, oats, and barley. Edible grains from other plant families, such as buckwheat, quinoa and chia, are referred to as pseudocereals. In their unprocessed whole grain form, cereals are a rich source of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, oils, and protein. When processed by the removal of the bran and germ the remaining endosperm is mostly carbohydrate. In some developing countries, grain in the form of rice, wheat, millet, or maize constitutes a majority of daily sustenance. In developed countries, cereal consumption is moderate and varied but still substantial, primarily in the form of refined and processed grains. Because of this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nabis (genus)
''Nabis''Latreille PA (1802) ''Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes. rédigé par C. S. Sonnini. F. Dufart, Paris.'' Vol. 3: i-xii; 13-467. is a genus of damsel bugs in the family Nabidae. Species ''Nabis'' contains the following species: * '' Nabis argentinus'' Meyer-Dür, 1870 * '' Nabis blackburni'' White, 1978 * '' Nabis chinai'' Kerzhner, 1970 * '' Nabis chinensis'' Ren & Hsiao, 1981 * '' Nabis curtipennis'' Blackburn, 1888 * '' Nabis ealapaeoensis'' Kerzhner, 1968 * '' Nabis faminei'' Stål, 1859 * '' Nabis gagneorum'' Polhemus, 1999 * '' Nabis galapagoensis'' Kerzhner, 1968 * '' Nabis giffardi'' Van Duzee, 1936 * '' Nabis gracillima'' Heer, 1865 * '' Nabis heissi'' Kerzhner, 2006 * '' Nabis himalayensis'' Ren, 1988 * '' Nabis hsiaoi'' Kerzhner, 1992 * '' Nabis kaohinani'' (Kirkaldy, 1909) * '' Nabis kavahalu'' (Kirkaldy, 1907) * '' Nabis kerasphoros'' (Kirkaldy, 1907) * '' Nabis koelensis'' Blackburn, 1888 * '' Nabis livida'' H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geocoris
''Geocoris'' is a genus of insects in the family Geocoridae (although in the past the geocorids were subsumed as a subfamily under the family " Lygaeidae"). Commonly known as big-eyed bugs, the species in ''Geocoris'' are beneficial predators, but are often confused with the true chinch bug, which is a pest. There are more than 140 described species in ''Geocoris''. Description Big-eyed bugs are true bugs in the order Hemiptera. The two most common North American species are ''Geocoris pallens'' and '' Geocoris punctipes''. Both are predators and occur in many habitats, including fields, gardens, and turf grass. Big-eyed bugs are considered an important predator in many agricultural systems and feed on mites, insect eggs, and small insects such as pink bollworm, cabbage loopers, and whiteflies. Adult big-eyed bugs are small (about ) black, gray, or tan with proportionately large eyes. Eggs are deposited singly or in clusters on leaves near potential prey. They develop wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orius
The genus ''Orius'' (commonly called minute pirate bug) consists of omnivorous bugs in the family Anthocoridae (pirate bugs). Adults are 2–5 mm long and feed mostly on smaller insects, larva and eggs, such as spider mites, thrips, jumping plant lice, and white fly, but will also feed on pollen and vascular sap. These predators are common in gardens and landscapes. They have a fairly painful bite, but are not venomous. Some species are raised commercially and sold to growers as a form of biological control. In laboratory conditions, the larval development of '' Orius niger'' takes 14 days at a temperature of 25°; females have a longevity of 60 days and can lay up to 150 eggs.Jean-Lou Justine (1978) ontribution to the study of the influence of alimentation on the development and reproduction of ''Orius niger'' Wolff, 1811 (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)Contribution à l'étude de l'influence de l'alimentation sur le développement et la reproduction dOrius niger'' Wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lespesia Archippivora
''Lespesia archippivora'' is a species of tachinid fly, which, like all tachinids, are parasitoids of other arthropods. ''L. archippivora'' lives in the body of its host resulting in its death. This is not uncommon since it is estimated that about 10% of all insects are parasitoids. ''L. archippivora'' is a generalist and able to infect at least 25 lepidopteran species in addition to one species of Hymenoptera. It is common in North America and other species exist worldwide. One study suggests the species is bivoltine. It is used as a biological control of a number of pests, such the army worm (''Mythimna unipuncta''), sugarcane leaf roller ('' Omiodes accepta''), corn earworm ('' Heliothis zea''), black cutworm (''Agrotis ipsilon''), and variegated cutworm (''Peridroma saucia''). It is a concern in the morbidity of monarch butterflies. Researchers do not all agree that a high census of ''L. archippivora'' may regulate the population or have an effect on the fall migration of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meteorus Autographae
''Meteorus'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae. It comprises over 330 species worldwide. ''Meteorus'' wasps are distinguished from other braconid wasps by the presence of a second submarginal cell in the forewing and a petiolate first tergite A ''tergum'' (Latin for "the back"; plural ''terga'', associated adjective tergal) is the dorsal ('upper') portion of an arthropod segment other than the head. The anterior edge is called the 'base' and posterior edge is called the 'apex' or 'mar .... Selected species *'' Meteorus andreae'' Aguirrer & Shaw, 2011 *'' Meteorus gyrator'' Thunberg, 1922 *'' Meteorus laphygmae'' Viereck 1913 *'' Meteorus pulchricornis'' Wesmael, 1835 *'' Meteorus rubens'' Nees, 1811 *'' Meteorus stellatus'' Fujie et al., 2021 *'' Meteorus trachynotus'' Viereck, 1912 References Braconidae {{Ichneumonoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cotesia Marginiventris
''Cotesia marginiventris'' is a species of parasitoid wasp that develops in Noctuidae caterpillars. It can be found in the Americas. The wasp finds caterpillar hosts to rear its young in by detecting the volatiles produced by the plants that the herbivorous caterpillars feed on. References Microgastrinae Biological pest control wasps Hymenoptera of North America Hymenoptera of South America {{Braconidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chelonus Insularis
''Chelonus'' is a wasp genus in the subfamily Cheloninae. Their larvae feed chiefly on larvae of moths in superfamilies Tortricoidea and Pyraloidea.Shaw, S.R. 1997. Subfamily Cheloninae. Species * '' Chelonus abditus'' * '' Chelonus abductor'' * '' Chelonus aberrans'' * '' Chelonus abnormalis'' * '' Chelonus absonus'' * '' Chelonus abstrusus'' * '' Chelonus aciculatus'' * '' Chelonus aculeatus'' * '' Chelonus acuminatus'' * '' Chelonus acutigaster'' * '' Chelonus acutiusculus'' * '' Chelonus acutulus'' * '' Chelonus adjunctus'' * '' Chelonus aelleniae'' * ''Chelonus agathis'' * '' Chelonus agilis'' * '' Chelonus ahngeri'' * '' Chelonus akmolensis'' * '' Chelonus alaicus'' * '' Chelonus albicinctus'' * '' Chelonus albofasciatus'' * '' Chelonus albomacula'' * '' Chelonus albor'' * '' Chelonus alexeevi'' * '' Chelonus algiricus'' * '' Chelonus aligarhensis'' * '' Chelonus alius'' * '' Chelonus alpinus'' * '' Chelonus alter'' * '' Chelonus alternator'' * '' Chelonus alticinctus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitoid
In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable strategy, evolutionary strategies within parasitism, distinguished by the fatal prognosis for the host, which makes the strategy close to predation. Among parasitoids, strategies range from living inside the host (''endoparasitism''), allowing it to continue growing before emerging as an adult, to Paralysis, paralysing the host and living outside it (''ectoparasitism''). Hosts can include other parasitoids, resulting in hyperparasitism; in the case of oak galls, up to five levels of parasitism are possible. Some parasitoids Behavior-altering parasite, influence their host's behaviour in ways that favour the propagation of the parasitoid. Parasitoids are found in a variety of Taxon, taxa across the insect superorder Endopterygota, whose compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hawaii
Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state geographically located within the tropics. Hawaii comprises nearly the entire Hawaiian archipelago, 137 volcanic islands spanning that are physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania. The state's ocean coastline is consequently the fourth-longest in the U.S., at about . The eight main islands, from northwest to southeast, are Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lānai, Kahoolawe, Maui, and Hawaii—the last of these, after which the state is named, is often called the "Big Island" or "Hawaii Island" to avoid confusion with the state or archipelago. The uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands make up most of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, the United States' largest protected area a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florida
Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and Cuba; it is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Spanning , Florida ranks 22nd in area among the 50 states, and with a population of over 21 million, it is the third-most populous. The state capital is Tallahassee, and the most populous city is Jacksonville. The Miami metropolitan area, with a population of almost 6.2 million, is the most populous urban area in Florida and the ninth-most populous in the United States; other urban conurbations with over one million people are Tampa Bay, Orlando, and Jacksonville. Various Native American groups have inhabited Florida for at least 14,000 years. In 1513, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León became the first k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
