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Brazilian Cruzeiro (other)
Brazilian cruzeiro refers to any of four distinct Brazilian currency, Brazilian currencies: * Brazilian cruzeiro (1942–1967), worth 1000 Brazilian réis. * Brazilian cruzeiro (1967–1986), denominated ''cruzeiro novo'' between 1967 and 1970 in the transition from the previous standard banknotes to the new banknotes issued by Casa da Moeda do Brasil to avoid confusion between the old and the new currency, worth 1000 old cruzeiros. * Brazilian cruzeiro (1990–1993), redenomination of Brazilian cruzado novo, cruzado novo stemming from the Plano Collor. * Brazilian cruzeiro real (1993–1994), currency with a view to facilitating accounting transactions in the transition between the Brazilian cruzeiro (1990–1993), 1990–1993 cruzeiro and Brazilian real, real, necessary due to the difficulties of accounting values at the time due to inflation. See also * Brazilian cruzado (1986–1989) * Brazilian cruzado novo (1989–1990) * ''O Cruzeiro'' (Brazilian weekly, 1928–1975) { ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Currency
There have been nine different units of Brazilian currency in sequence over the country's history: the Portuguese and first Brazilian real (plural réis); 3 different types of cruzeiros; the cruzado; the novo cruzado; the cruzeiro real, and since 1994, the second incarnation of the Brazilian real (plural reais), with the symbol R$ and the ISO 4217, ISO code BRL. Historical currencies While Portuguese settlers used Réis coins from Portugal, Dutch Brazil, Dutch settlers occupying Northeastern Brazil used Dutch guilder, guilders. In 1645, the colony faced an economic crisis and, with a lack of financial support from the mainland and the need to pay for trops fighting Portuguese settlers, the local Dutch administration struck the first ever coins in Brazilian land, repurpusing gold coming from the Dutch Guinea. A few years later, in 1654, in an increasingly worse situation, coins were again minted to pay off debt, but this time with silver from the administrators' own coffer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Cruzado
The cruzado was the currency of Brazil from 1986 to 1989. It replaced the second cruzeiro (at first called the "cruzeiro novo") in 1986, at a rate of 1 cruzado = 1000 cruzeiros (novos) and was replaced in 1989 by the cruzado novo at a rate of 1000 cruzados = 1 cruzado novo. This currency was subdivided in 100 centavos and it had the symbol \mathrm\!\!\!\Vert and the ISO 4217 code ''BRC''. Coins Standard Stainless-steel coins were introduced in 1986 in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 centavos, and 1 and 5 cruzados, with 10 cruzados following in 1987. Coin production ceased in 1988. Commemorative Three designs of commemorative 100 cruzado coins, celebrating the 100th anniversary of the abolition of slavery in the country (the Lei Áurea The (; ), officially Law No. 3,353 of 13 May 1888, is the law that abolished slavery in Brazil. It was signed by Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (1846–1921), an opponent of slavery, who acted as regent to Emperor P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1993 Disestablishments In Brazil
The General Assembly of the United Nations designated 1993 as: * International Year for the World's Indigenous People The year 1993 in the Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands had only 364 days, since its calendar advanced 24 hours to the Eastern Hemisphere side of the International Date Line, skipping August 21, 1993. Events January * January 1 ** Czechoslovakia ceases to exist, as the Czech Republic and Slovakia separate in the Dissolution of Czechoslovakia. ** The European Economic Community eliminates trade barriers and creates a European single market. ** International Radio and Television Organization ceases. * January 3 – In Moscow, Presidents George H. W. Bush (United States) and Boris Yeltsin (Russia) sign the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. * January 5 ** US$7.4 million is stolen from the Brink's Armored Car Depot in Rochester, New York, in the fifth largest robbery in U.S. history. ** , a Liberian-registered oil tanker, runs aground off the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1990 Establishments In Brazil
Year 199 ( CXCIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was sometimes known as year 952 ''Ab urbe condita''. The denomination 199 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Mesopotamia is partitioned into two Roman provinces divided by the Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Osroene. * Emperor Septimius Severus lays siege to the city-state Hatra in Central-Mesopotamia, but fails to capture the city despite breaching the walls. * Two new legions, I Parthica and III Parthica, are formed as a permanent garrison. China * Battle of Yijing: Chinese warlord Yuan Shao defeats Gongsun Zan. Korea * Geodeung succeeds Suro of Geumgwan Gaya, as king of the Korean kingdom of Gaya (traditional date). By topic Religion * Pope Zephyrinus succeeds Pope Victor I, as the 15th pope. Births Valerian Roman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1986 Disestablishments In Brazil
The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. ** Spain and Portugal enter the European Community, which becomes the European Union in 1993. * January 11 – The Sir Leo Hielscher Bridges, Gateway Bridge in Brisbane, Australia, at this time the world's longest prestressed concrete free-cantilever bridge, is opened. * January 13–January 24, 24 – South Yemen Civil War. * January 20 – The United Kingdom and France announce plans to construct the Channel Tunnel. * January 24 – The Voyager 2 space probe makes its first encounter with Uranus. * January 25 – Yoweri Museveni's National Resistance Army Rebel group takes over Uganda after leading a Ugandan Bush War, five-year guerrilla war in which up to half a million people are believed to have been killed. They will later use January 26 as the official date ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1942 Establishments In Brazil
Year 194 ( CXCIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Septimius and Septimius (or, less frequently, year 947 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 194 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar became a Roman Consul. * Battle of Issus: Septimius Severus marches with his army (12 legions) to Cilicia, and defeats Pescennius Niger, Roman governor of Syria. Pescennius retreats to Antioch, and is executed by Severus' troops. * Septimius Severus besieges Byzantium (194–196); the city walls suffer extensive damage. Asia * Battle of Yan Province: Warlords Cao Cao and Lü Bu fight for control over Yan Province; the battle lasts for over 100 days. * First year of the ''Xingping'' era during the Han Dynasty in Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical Currencies Of Brazil
History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some theorists categorize history as a social science, while others see it as part of the humanities or consider it a hybrid discipline. Similar debates surround the purpose of history—for example, whether its main aim is theoretical, to uncover the truth, or practical, to learn lessons from the past. In a more general sense, the term ''history'' refers not to an academic field but to the past itself, times in the past, or to individual texts about the past. Historical research relies on primary and secondary sources to reconstruct past events and validate interpretations. Source criticism is used to evaluate these sources, assessing their authenticity, content, and reliability. Historians strive to integrate the perspectives of several sources to develop a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
O Cruzeiro
''O Cruzeiro'' (initially just ''Cruzeiro'') was a Brazilian illustrated weekly magazine, published in Rio de Janeiro from 1928 until 1985, with the exception of the period from August 1975 to June 1977. History and profile The publication, subtitled ''Revista Semanal Illustrada'', was originally named just ''Cruzeiro'', after the constellation of the Southern Cross (''Cruzeiro do Sul'').(1928): "Editorial No. 1", ''Cruzeiro'', dated 1928-12-06. The first edition was released with 70 pages on 10 November 1928, and was published by ''Empresa Grafico Cruzeiro S.A.'' of Dr. José Mariano Filho in 152 Rua Buenos Aires. In June 1929, by issue number 30, the magazine changed its name to ''O Cruzeiro''.SERPA, Leoní (2007):A contribuição de O Cruzeiro para com o jornalismo brasileiro (1928-1945). It was owned by the media conglomerate Diários Associados owned by Assis Chateaubriand. The director was Carlos Malheiro Dias until 1933, succeeded by Antonio Accioly Netto. ''O Cruzeiro'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Real
The Brazilian real (plural, pl. '; currency symbol, sign: R$; ISO 4217, code: BRL) is the official currency of Brazil. It is subdivided into 100 centavos. The Central Bank of Brazil is the central bank and the issuing authority. The real replaced the Brazilian cruzeiro real, cruzeiro real in 1994. the real was the twentieth most traded currency. History Currencies in use before the current real include: * The ''Portuguese real'' from the 16th to 18th centuries, with 1,000 ''réis'' called the ''milréis''. * The ''Brazilian real (old), old Brazilian real'' from 1747 to 1942, with 1,000 ''réis'' also called the ''milréis''. * The ''Brazilian cruzeiro (1942–1967), first cruzeiro'' from 1942 to 1967, at 1 cruzeiro = 1 ''milréis'' or 1,000 ''réis''. * The ''Brazilian cruzeiro novo, cruzeiro novo'' from 1967 to 1970, at 1 cruzeiro novo = 1,000 first cruzeiros. From 1970 it was simply called the ''Brazilian cruzeiro (1967-1986), (second) cruzeiro'' and was used until 1986. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Cruzeiro (1942–1967)
The (first) cruzeiro (Cr$ or C$) was the official currency of Brazil from 1942 to 1967. It replaced the old Brazilian real (old), real (pl. ''réis''), which had been in use since colonial times, at the rate of Rs $1,000 = Cr$1. It was in turn replaced by the Brazilian cruzeiro novo, cruzeiro novo, at the rate of Cr$1,000 = NCr$1. The name cruzeiro was later reused for two other currencies, which were official in Brazilian cruzeiro (1967–1986), 1970–1986 (initially denominated as the ''cruzeiro novo'' to avoid confusion between new and old currency) and Brazilian cruzeiro (1990–1993), 1990–1993. The cruzeiro was divided into 100 centavos, a convention that persisted through all subsequent Brazilian currencies, but in the first cruzeiro, values below Cr$0.10 were never issued because coins of less than Rs 100 had not been issued since 1935. The original plan, dating from the late 1920s, was to introduce a cruzeiro worth Rs 10$000 (ten Brazilian real ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Cruzeiro Real
The cruzeiro real (\mathrm\!\!\!\Vert, plural: ''cruzeiros reais'') was the short-lived currency of Brazil between August 1, 1993, and June 30, 1994. It was subdivided in 100 centavos; however, this subunit was used only for accounting purposes, and coins and banknotes worth 10 to 500 of the preceding cruzeiro remained valid and were used for the purpose of corresponding to centavos of the cruzeiro real, especially when the redenomination was carried out. The currency had the ISO 4217 code ''BRR''. This redenomination, at the beginning of the second half of 1993, was made with the objective of facilitating the accounting of day-to-day activities, which in the previous unit implied the placement of several zeros that made it difficult to record values in calculators and machines. The cruzeiro real was replaced with the current Brazilian real as part of the Plano Real. History The cruzeiro real replaced the third cruzeiro, with 1,000 cruzeiros = 1 cruzeiro real. The cruzeiro re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plano Collor
The Collor Plan (), is the name given to a collection of economic reforms and inflation-stabilization plans carried out in Brazil during the presidency of Fernando Collor de Mello, between 1990 and 1992. The plan was officially called ''New Brazil Plan'' (Portuguese: ''Plano Brasil Novo''), but it became closely associated with Collor himself, and "Plano Collor" became its de facto name. The Collor plan combined fiscal and trade liberalization with radical inflation stabilization measures.Welch, John H. Birch, Melissa. Smith, RusselECONOMICS: BRAZIL Library of Congress. December 30, 2004. Retrieved on September 8, 2007. The main inflation stabilization was coupled with an industrial and foreign trade reform program, the ''Industrial and Foreign Trade Policy'' (Portuguese: ''Política Industrial e de Comércio Exterior''), better known as PICE, and a privatization program dubbed the "National Privatization Program" (Portuguese: ''Programa Nacional de Desestatização''), better kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
