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Boldine
Boldine is an alkaloid of the aporphine class that is characteristic of the boldo ''Peumus boldus'', commonly known as boldo (from the Mapuche name ''foḻo''), is a species of tree in the family Monimiaceae and the only species in the genus ''Peumus''. It is endemic to the central region of Chile, between 33° and 40° sou ... tree ''Peumus boldus'' Molina. It is the most abundant alkaloid found in boldo bark, although it is not present in the leaves. Boldine is also found in '' Lindera aggregata''. References Aporphine alkaloids Hydroxyarenes Phenol ethers {{alkaloid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boldo
''Peumus boldus'', commonly known as boldo (from the Mapuche name ''foḻo''), is a species of tree in the family Monimiaceae and the only species in the genus ''Peumus''. It is endemic to the central region of Chile, between 33° and 40° southern latitude. Boldo has also been introduced to Europe and North Africa, though it is not often seen outside botanical gardens. Due to its common name, it is often confused with the species '' Plectranthus ornatus'', known as ''falso boldo'' ("false boldo"), ''boldo paraguayo'' or ''boldo rastrero'', which has led to confusion about the uses, properties and toxicity of both species. Description ''Boldo'', together with ''litre'', ''quillay'', '' peumo'', '' bollén'' and other indigenous plants, is a characteristic component of the sclerophyllous forests endemic to central Chile. Its leaves, which have a strong, woody and slightly bitter flavor and camphor-like aroma, are used for culinary purposes, primarily in Latin America. The lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aporphine
Aporphine is an alkaloid with the chemical formula . It is the core chemical substructure of the aporphine alkaloids, a subclass of quinoline alkaloids. It can exist in either of two enantiomeric forms, (''R'')-aporphine and (''S'')-aporphine. Derivatives Many different derivatives of aporphine have been isolated from plants. For example, many water lilies (''Nymphaea'' species) produce aporphine alkaloids such as Nuciferine, nymphaeine, nymphaline, nupharine, α- and β-nupharidine. ''In vitro,'' tests of some aporphine derivatives isolated from '' Cassytha filiformis'', namely, actinodaphnine, cassythine, and dicentrine, showed antiparasitic activity against ''Trypanosoma brucei''. Investigation of possible mechanisms revealed that the compounds bind to DNA and act as intercalating agents, in addition to inhibiting topoisomerase activity. Aporphine natural products occur with either the (R)- or (S)- isomeric forms, or they can be achiral. Furthermore, morphine-based nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lindera Aggregata
''Lindera aggregata'' is a plant species belonging to the genus ''Lindera''. Other names Engl.: evergreen lindera, Japanese evergreen spicebush. TCM: trad. 烏藥, simpl. 乌药 or 乌乐, pinyin: wūyào. Bot. syn.: ''Benzoin strychnifolium'' (Sieb. & Zucc.) Kuntze, ''Daphnidium strychnifolium'' Sieb. & Zucc., ''Laurus aggregata'' Sims, ''Lindera eberhardtii'' Lecomte, ''Lindera strychnifolia'' (Sieb. & Zucc.) Fern. Use 乌药, ''radix lindera'', is present in the Compendium of Materia Medica and Kampo herb list. It is an ingredient in the traditional Chinese medicine pill Chaihu Shugan Wan against "stagnation of liver qi, distension of chest and hypochondria, indigestion, and acid eructation", and in the Lindera Combination Teapills (simpl. 天台乌药丸, trad. 天臺烏藥丸, pinyin : tiāntái wūyào wán), a Chinese classic herbal formula. Biochemistry An A type proanthocyanidin trimer (epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-entcatechin-(4β-8)-catechin) can be found in ''L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aporphine Alkaloids
Aporphine alkaloids are naturally occurring chemical compounds from the group of alkaloids. After the benzylisoquinoline alkaloids they are the second largest group of isoquinoline alkaloids. At least 85 aporphine alkaloids have been isolated from plants of 15 families. The best known representative is apomorphine. The aporphine alkaloids are of interest mainly because of their similarity to morphine. Occurrence The aporphine alkaloids are most commonly found in plants. For example, isoboldine can be found in the plants in the genera ''Beilschmiedia'', ''Nandina'' (''Nandina domestica''), ''Glaucium'' (horn poppy), and other plants. As the name suggests, glaucine was first found in the horn poppy and usually the name of the alkaloids is derived from the plants in which they were first found. Corydin as a further representative of the aporphine alkaloids is found in ''Corydalis'' (larkspurs) ''Dicentra'' (heart flowers), and also in the horn poppy. Examples Apoglaziovin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkaloid
Alkaloids are a broad class of natural product, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids. Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including bacteria, fungus, fungi, Medicinal plant, plants, and animals. They can be purified from crude extracts of these organisms by acid-base extraction, or solvent extractions followed by silica-gel column chromatography. Alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacology, pharmacological activities including antimalarial medication, antimalarial (e.g. quinine), asthma, antiasthma (e.g. ephedrine), chemotherapy, anticancer (e.g. omacetaxine mepesuccinate, homoharringtonine), cholinomimetic (e.g. galantamine), vasodilation, vasodilatory (e.g. vincamine), Antiarrhythmic agent, antiarrhythmic (e.g. quinidine), analgesic (e.g. morphine), antibacterial (e.g. chelerythrine), and anti-diabetic, antihyperglycemic activities (e.g. berb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydroxyarenes
Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula . It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile and can catch fire. The molecule consists of a phenyl group () bonded to a hydroxy group (). Mildly acidic, it requires careful handling because it can cause chemical burns. It is acutely toxic and is considered a health hazard. Phenol was first extracted from coal tar, but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 million tonnes a year) from petroleum-derived feedstocks. It is an important industrial commodity as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds, and is a liquid when manufactured. It is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials. Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, explosives such as picric acid, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical dru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
