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Bitola Revolutionary District
The Bitola revolutionary district (Macedonian/ Bulgarian: Битолски револуционерен округ) was an organizational grouping of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization. The most famous leaders of the group were Pere Toshev, Gyorche Petrov and Boris Sarafov. This rebel group was active in western parts of Aegean Macedonia and Vardar Macedonia with headquarters in Bitola Bitola (; ) is a city in the southwestern part of North Macedonia. It is located in the southern part of the Pelagonia valley, surrounded by the Baba, Nidže, and Kajmakčalan mountain ranges, north of the Medžitlija-Níki border crossing .... {{IMARO revolutionary districts Bitola ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pere Toshev
Petar (Pere) Naumov Toshev (, ; 1865–1912) was a Bulgarian teacher and an activist of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization. In the historiography in North Macedonia he is considered an ethnic Macedonian revolutionary. Early life Toshev was born in the town of Prilep, then part of the Ottoman Empire. He studied at the Bulgarian Exarchate's school in Prilep and the Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki. Later Pere attended the Gymnazium in Plovdiv, capital of the recently created Eastern Rumelia. Here he joined the Bulgarian Secret Central Revolutionary Committee founded in 1885. The original purpose of the committee was to gain autonomy for the region of Macedonia (then called ''Western Rumelia''), but it played an important role in the organization of the Unification of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia. During the Serbo-Bulgarian War of 1885, he joined the Bulgarian Army as a volunteer. During 1885–1890 Pere Toshev and Andrey Lyapchev organ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyorche Petrov
Gyorche Petrov Nikolov,(; ) born Georgi Petrov Nikolov(; ) (April 2, 1865 – June 28, 1921), was a Macedonian Bulgarian teacher and revolutionary, one of the leaders of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO).''Region, Regional Identity and Regionalism in Southeastern Europe'' Klaus Roth, Ulf Brunnbauer, LIT Verlag Münster, 2009, , p. 135. In his youth Petrov was involved in the Unification of Bulgaria and the subsequent . After the foundation of the IMRO he was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Sarafov
Boris Petrov Sarafov ( Bulgarian and ; 12 June 1872 – 28 November 1907) was a Bulgarian Army officer and revolutionary, one of the leaders of Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee (SMAC) and of the pro-Bulgarian, rightist wing of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). He is considered an ethnic Macedonian in North Macedonia, having identified occasionally as a Macedonian in his life. Biography Boris Sarafov was born in 1872 in the village Libyahovo, Nevrokop region, in the Salonica vilayet of the Ottoman Empire (today Ilinden, Bulgaria). He grew up schooled through the Bulgarian Exarchate's school in Nevrokop and the Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki. Later Sarafov attended the Military School of His Majesty in Sofia, the capital of the recently created Principality of Bulgaria. His training in this institution ended in 1894. Afterwards he worked for a short period of time as Bulgarian Army officer. In 1895 Sarafov became a member of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bitola
Bitola (; ) is a city in the southwestern part of North Macedonia. It is located in the southern part of the Pelagonia valley, surrounded by the Baba, Nidže, and Kajmakčalan mountain ranges, north of the Medžitlija-Níki border crossing with Greece. The city stands at an important junction connecting the south of the Adriatic Sea region with the Aegean Sea and Central Europe, and it is an administrative, cultural, industrial, commercial, and educational centre. It has been known since the Ottoman period as the "City of Consuls", since many European countries had consulates in Bitola. Bitola, known during the Ottoman Empire as Manastır or Monastir, is one of the oldest cities in North Macedonia. It was founded as Heraclea Lyncestis in the middle of the 4th century BC by Philip II of Macedon. The city was the last capital of the First Bulgarian Empire (1015–1018) and the last capital of Ottoman Rumelia, from 1836 to 1867. According to the 2002 census, Bitola is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization
The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO; ; ), was a secret revolutionary society founded in the Ottoman territories in Europe, that operated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Founded in 1893 in Salonica, it initially aimed to gain autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople regions, autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople regions in the Ottoman Empire, however, it later became an agent serving Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgarian interests in Balkan politics. IMRO modeled itself after the earlier Bulgarian Internal Revolutionary Organization of Vasil Levski and accepted its motto "Freedom or Death" (Свобода или смърть). According to the memoirs of some founding and ordinary members, in the First statute of the IMRO, Organization's earliest statute from 1894, the membership was reserved exclusively for Bulgarians. It used the Bulgarian language in all its documents and in its correspondence. The Organisation founded its Foreign Representation of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macedonian Language
Macedonian ( ; , , ) is an Eastern South Slavic language. It is part of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family, and is one of the Slavic languages, which are part of a larger Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic branch. Spoken as a first language by around 1.6 million people, it serves as the official language of North Macedonia. Most speakers can be found in the country and Macedonian diaspora, its diaspora, with a smaller number of speakers throughout the transnational Macedonia (region), region of Macedonia. Macedonian is also a recognized minority language in parts of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romania, and Serbia and it is spoken by expatriate communities predominantly in Australia, Canada, and the United States. Macedonian developed out of the western dialects of the Eastern South Slavic dialect continuum, whose earliest recorded form is Old Church Slavonic. During much of its history, this dialect continuum was called "Bulgarian", although in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarian Language
Bulgarian (; , ) is an Eastern South Slavic, Eastern South Slavic language spoken in Southeast Europe, primarily in Bulgaria. It is the language of the Bulgarians. Along with the closely related Macedonian language (collectively forming the East South Slavic languages), it is a member of the Balkan sprachbund and South Slavic languages, South Slavic dialect continuum of the Indo-European language family. The two languages have several characteristics that set them apart from all other Slavic languages, including the elimination of grammatical case, case declension, the development of a suffixed definite article, and the lack of a verb infinitive. They retain and have further developed the Proto-Slavic language, Proto-Slavic verb system (albeit analytically). One such major development is the innovation of evidentiality, evidential verb forms to encode for the source of information: witnessed, inferred, or reported. It is the official Languages of Bulgaria, language of Bulgar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aegean Macedonia
Aegean Macedonia ('';'' ) is a term describing the region of Macedonia (Greece), Macedonia in Northern Greece. It is currently mainly used in the North Macedonia, Republic of North Macedonia, including in the Irredentism, irredentist context of a United Macedonia. The term is also used in Bulgaria as the more common synonym for Greek Macedonia, without the connotations it has in the Republic of North Macedonia. The term has no circulation in Greece, since ''Aegean'' usually refers to the Greek islands or to strictly Greek coastal areas with direct access to the Aegean Sea. Although Greek Macedonia does have its coastline along the northern Aegean, the province is more than anything else dominated by its high mountain ranges and broad, grassy plains, rather than by its coastline (with the exception of the Chalkidiki peninsula, which is a popular holiday destination in the southernmost part of central Macedonia and noted for its beaches). Origins of the term The origins of the term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vardar Macedonia
Vardar Macedonia (Macedonian language, Macedonian and ) is a historical term referring to the central part of the broader Macedonian region, roughly corresponding to present-day North Macedonia. The name derives from the Vardar, Vardar River and is primarily associated with the period of Kingdom of Serbia, Serbian (1912–1918) and later Yugoslavia, Yugoslav rule (1918–1991). History Vardar Macedonia refers to the central part of the broader Macedonia (region), Macedonian region, which became part of the Kingdom of Serbia following the Balkan Wars (1912–1913) and was formally assigned to Serbia by the Treaty of Bucharest (1913), Treaty of Bucharest. It was named after the Vardar, Vardar River, distinguishing it from Aegean Macedonia in Greece and Pirin Macedonia in Bulgaria. The region was initially known as Serbian Macedonia although the use of the name ''Macedonia'' was prohibited later in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, due to the implemented policy of Serbianisation of the loca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
