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Bishr Al-Marisi
Bishr al-Marisi (Arabic: بشر المريسي born 755, died 813) full name Abu 'Abd al-Rahman Bishr ibn Ghiyath ibn Abi Karimah al-Marisi or simply Bishr ibn Ghiyath al-Marisi was a 9th-century religious scholar and theologian. He was infamous for his controversial views which earned him the scorn of his contemporary Muslim scholars. Biography Early life Bishr's father, Ghiyath, was a Jewish slave or jeweller from Kufa who had reverted to Islam and become a mawla of the Quraysh tribe. Pursuit of knowledge and asceticism In adulthood, Bishr became an ascetic, and he took scholarly knowledge from Hanafi scholars, such as Abu Yusuf. However, he later adopted the Jahmite views after he learned them from a group of Jahm bin Safwan's students. Abu Yusuf disassociated with Bishr after finding out that he had Jahmite or Murji'ite tendencies. Bishr also conducted theological debates with Al-Shafi'i, and in his free time he made offensive melodies and poetry. Death Bishr al-M ...
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Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the main and final Islamic prophet.Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In , edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . (See alsoquick reference) " e Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.'" It is the world's second-largest religion behind Christianity, with its followers ranging between 1-1.8 billion globally, or around a quarter of the world' ...
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Hanafi
The Hanafi school ( ar, حَنَفِية, translit=Ḥanafiyah; also called Hanafite in English), Hanafism, or the Hanafi fiqh, is the oldest and one of the four traditional major Sunni schools ( maddhab) of Islamic Law (Fiqh). It is named after the 8th century Kufan scholar, Abu Hanifa, a Tabi‘i of Persian origin whose legal views were preserved primarily by his two most important disciples, Imam Abu Yusuf and Muhammad al-Shaybani. It is considered one of the most widely accepted maddhab amongst Sunni Muslim community and is called the ''Madhhab of Jurists'' (maddhab ahl al-ray). The importance of this maddhab lies in the fact that it is not just a collection of rulings or sayings of Imam Abu Hanifa alone, but rather the rulings and sayings of the council of judges he established belong to it. It had a great excellence and advantage over the establishment of Sunni Islamic legal science. No one before Abu Hanifa preceded in such works. He was the first to solve the c ...
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Bishr The Barefoot
Bishr ibn al-Ḥārith () better known as Bishr al-Ḥāfī (Bishr the Barefoot) () was a Muslim saint born near Merv in about 767 C.E. He converted and studied Muslim tradition under Al-Fozail ibn Iyaz. Bishr became famous as one of the greatest saints in the area.''Memorial of the Saints'', Attar, trans. A.J. Arberry, ''Beshr ibn Hareth'' Biography Bishr was born in Merv and settled at Baghdad where he spent his nights and days in impudence. Conversion One story of his conversion involves Musa al-Kadhim, who once happened to pass by his house in Baghdad. He saw a slave girl coming out of his house and asked her whether the owner of the house was a free man or a servant. She told him he was free. Musa al-Kadhim told her she was right, because "if he was a servant, he would fear his Lord". When the slave girl came back into the house, she gave Bishr an account of what took place between her and al-Kadhim. It is said that Bishr quickly jumped to his feet and headed to the door ...
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Sufis
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ritualism, asceticism and esotericism. It has been variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, ''What is Sufism?'' (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the mystical expression of Islamic faith", "the inward dimension of Islam", "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam", the "main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization" of mystical practice in Islam, and "the interiorization and intensification of Islamic faith and practice". Practitioners of Sufism are referred to as "Sufis" (from , ), and historically typically belonged to "orders" known as (pl. ) – congregations formed around a grand who would be the last in a chain of successive teachers linking back to Muha ...
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Abd Allah Ibn Al-Mubarak
, image = , image_size = , Title. = Amir al-Mu'minin fi al-Hadith , era = Islamic Golden Age , region = Caliphate , denomination = Sunni , birth_date = 726 , birth_place = Merv Umayyad Caliphate , death_date = , death_place = Hit, Abbasid Caliphate , influences = Abu Hanifa, Sufyan al-Thawri , jurisprudence = Hanafi ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Mubārak (118/726-797 AH/CE; Arabic: عبد الله بن المبارك) was born during the reign of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. ‘Abdullah ibn Mubarak was an early, pious Muslim known for his memory and zeal for knowledge, collected hadīth (muhaddith), and was remembered for his asceticism. He earned the title ''Amir al-Mu'minin fi al-Hadith''. His father, named Mubarak, was from Khurasan and became a client ( mawālī) of an Arab trader from the tribe of Banī Hanẓala in the city of Hamadhān, and his mother was said ...
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Tabi' Al-Tabi'in
The Tābiʿū al-Tābʿīn ( ar, تَابِعُو ٱلتَّابِعِينَ, singular ar, تَابِعُ ٱلتَّابِعِينَ) is the generation after the Tābi‘ūn in Islam. The first generation of Muslims are known as the Sahabah or the companions of Muhammad. The second generation of Muslims which come after the ṣaḥābah are called '' Tābi‘ūn'' (also "the successors"). The third generation of Muslims coming after the '' Tābi‘ūn'', who knew at least one ''Tābi‘'', are called '' tābi‘ al-tābi‘īn''. The three generations make up the ''salaf'' of Islam. Definition according to the Sunnis The Sunnis define a ''Tābiʿ al-Tābʿīn'' as a Muslim who: # Saw at least one of the Tābiʿun. # Was rightly guided. (That would be, according to Sunnis, one who adheres to the beliefs and actions of the Ahlus Sunnah wal-Jama'ah). # And the one who died in that state. Sunnis consider ''the Tabi' al-Tabi'un '' as the best generation after the Tābiʿun. ...
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Yazid Ibn Harun
Yazīd ( ar, يزيد, links=no, "increasing", "adding more") is an Arabic name and may refer to: Given name * Yazid I (647–683), second Umayyad Caliph upon succeeding his father Muawiyah * Yazid II (687–724), Umayyad caliph * Yazid III (701–744), Umayyad caliph * Yazid Kaïssi (born 1981), French-born Moroccan footballer * Yazid Mansouri (born 1978), French-born Algerian footballer * Yazid ibn al-Muhallab (672–720), Umayyad governor * Yazid of Morocco (1750–1792), Sultan of Morocco * Yazid Sabeg (born 1950), French businessman * Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan (died 640), brother of the early Umayyad leader Muawiyah I, and companion of Muhammad * Yazid Sufaat (born 1964), suspected militant * Yazid Zerhouni (born 1937), Algerian politician * Zinedine Zidane (Zinedine Yazid Zidane, born 1972), French footballer and manager * Yazid ibn Umar al-Fazari (died 750) * Yazid ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi (died 787) * Yazid ibn Abdallah al-Hulwani (), Abbasid military governor of Egypt * Yaz ...
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Hanafite
The Hanafi school ( ar, حَنَفِية, translit=Ḥanafiyah; also called Hanafite in English), Hanafism, or the Hanafi fiqh, is the oldest and one of the four traditional major Sunni schools (maddhab) of Islamic Law (Fiqh). It is named after the 8th century Kufan scholar, Abu Hanifa, a Tabi‘i of Persian origin whose legal views were preserved primarily by his two most important disciples, Imam Abu Yusuf and Muhammad al-Shaybani. It is considered one of the most widely accepted maddhab amongst Sunni Muslim community and is called the ''Madhhab of Jurists'' (maddhab ahl al-ray). The importance of this maddhab lies in the fact that it is not just a collection of rulings or sayings of Imam Abu Hanifa alone, but rather the rulings and sayings of the council of judges he established belong to it. It had a great excellence and advantage over the establishment of Sunni Islamic legal science. No one before Abu Hanifa preceded in such works. He was the first to solve the cases a ...
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Uthman Ibn Sa'id Al-Darimi
Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Darimi ( Arabic:عثمان بن سعيد الدارمي), full name Abu Sa'eed Uthman ibn Sa'id ibn Khalid ibn Sa'id al-Darimi, was a 9th-century Islamic scholar and Athari theologian. A narrator of hadith, he was known for being extremely strict against the Jahmi and Karami schools of thought which prevailed during his time. His best known work is the ''Naqd 'Uthman ibn Sa'id 'alal-Marisi al-Jahmi al-Anid'', a detailed refutation against one of his contemporaries, Bishr al-Marisi. Biography Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Darimi was born in the year 815. He adhered to the Shafi'i school of thought. Darimi learned hadith and other prophetic traditions from the leading scholars of his time, Ali ibn al-Madini, Yahya ibn Ma'in and the founder of the Hanbali school, Ahmad ibn Hanbal. He became a narrator of hadith, and later scholars like Ibn Hibban and Hakim al-Nishapuri would narrate hadith from him. Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Darimi died in the year 894. Controversy ...
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Shafi'ite
The Shafii ( ar, شَافِعِي, translit=Shāfiʿī, also spelled Shafei) school, also known as Madhhab al-Shāfiʿī, is one of the four major traditional schools of religious law (madhhab) in the Sunnī branch of Islam. It was founded by Arab theologian Muḥammad ibn Idrīs al-Shāfiʿī, "the father of Muslim jurisprudence", in the early 9th century. The other three schools of Sunnī jurisprudence are Ḥanafī, Mālikī and Ḥanbalī. Like the other schools of fiqh, Shafii recognize the First Four Caliphs as the Islamic prophet Muhammad’s rightful successors and relies on the Qurʾān and the "sound" books of Ḥadīths as primary sources of law. The Shafi'i school affirms the authority of both divine law-giving ( the Qurʾān and the Sunnah) and human speculation regarding the Law. Where passages of Qurʾān and/or the Ḥadīths are ambiguous, the school seeks guidance of Qiyās (analogical reasoning). The Ijmā' (consensus of scholars or of the community) ...
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Baghdad
Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon. In 762 CE, Baghdad was chosen as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, and became its most notable major development project. Within a short time, the city evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center of the Muslim world. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as a multiethnic and multi-religious environment, garnered it a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning". Baghdad was the largest city in the world for much of the Abbasid era during the Islamic Golden Age, peaking at a population of more than a million. The city was largely destroyed at the hands of the Mongol Empire in 1258, resulting in a decline that would linger through man ...
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