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Battle Of Dalinghe
The Battle of Dalinghe () was a battle between the Later Jin dynasty and the Ming dynasty that took place between September and November 1631. Later Jin forces besieged and captured the fortified northern Ming city of Dalinghe (大凌河; present-day Linghai) in Liaoning. Using a combined force of Jurchen and Mongol cavalry, along with recently captured Ming artillery units, the Later Jin khan Hong Taiji surrounded Dalinghe and defeated a series of Ming reinforcement forces in the field. The Ming defenders under general Zu Dashou surrendered the city after taking heavy losses and running out of food. Several of the Ming officers captured in the battle would go on to play important roles in the ongoing transition from Ming to Qing. The battle was the first major test for the Chinese firearms specialists incorporated into the Later Jin military. Whereas the Later Jin had previously relied primarily on their own Eight Banners cavalry in military campaigns, after the siege of Dal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transition From Ming To Qing
The transition from Ming to Qing (or simply the Ming-Qing transition) or the Manchu conquest of China from 1618 to 1683 saw the transition between two major dynasties in Chinese history. It was a decades-long conflict between the emerging Qing dynasty, the incumbent Ming dynasty, and several smaller factions (like the Shun dynasty and Xi dynasty). It ended with the consolidation of Qing rule, and the fall of the Ming and several other factions. Overview The transition from the Ming to Qing was a decades-long period of conflict between: # the Qing dynasty, established by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro in contemporary Northeast China; # the Ming dynasty, the incumbent dynasty led by the Zhu clan; # and various other rebel powers in China, such as the short-lived Xi dynasty led by Zhang Xianzhong and the short-lived Shun dynasty led by Li Zicheng. Leading up to the Qing, in 1618, the Later Jin khan Nurhaci commissioned a document entitled the Seven Grievances, which enum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China. At its height of power, the empire stretched from the Sea of Japan in the east to the Pamir Mountains in the west, and from the Mongolian Plateau in the north to the South China Sea in the south. Originally emerging from the Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin dynasty founded in 1616 and proclaimed in Shenyang in 1636, the dynasty seized control of the Ming capital Beijing and North China in 1644, traditionally considered the start of the dynasty's rule. The dynasty lasted until the Xinhai Revolution of October 1911 led to the abdication of the last emperor in February 1912. The multi-ethnic Qing dynasty Legacy of the Qing dynasty, assembled the territoria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sun Yuanhua
Sun Yuanhua (1581 or 1582– 7September 1632), also known as IgnatiusSun, was a Chinese mandarin under the late Ming. A Catholic convert, he was a protégé of Paul Xu (né Xu Guangqi). Like his mentor, he advocated repelling the Manchu invasion by modernizing Chinese weaponry and wrote treatises on geometry and military science influenced by the Jesuits' European knowledge. From 1630 to 1632, he served as governor of Denglai, a Ming district around Dengzhou and Laizhou in northern Shandong. He was deposed by the mutiny of Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming, after which he was arrested and executed by the Ming for having failed to crush their rebellion with sufficient severity. Names Sun Yuanhua initially went by the courtesy name Chuyang. Upon his conversion, he adopted the baptismal name Ignatius (). in honor of StIgnatius, the founder of the Jesuit order. He then adopted the courtesy name Huodong, which loosely translates it. Life Sun was born in Jiading in the prov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shandong
Shandong is a coastal Provinces of China, province in East China. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history since the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. It has served as a pivotal cultural and religious center for Taoism, Chinese Buddhism and Confucianism. Shandong's Mount Tai is the most revered mountain of Taoism and a site with one of the longest histories of continuous religious worship in the world. The Buddhist temples in the mountains south of the provincial capital of Jinan were once among the foremost Buddhist sites in China. The city of Qufu was the birthplace of Confucius, and later became the center of Confucianism. Shandong's location at the intersection of ancient and modern north–south and east–west trading routes has helped establish it as an economic center. After a period of political instability and economic hardship beginning in the late 19th century, Shandong has experienced rapid growth in recent de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hongyipao
''Hongyipao'' ( zh, c=紅夷炮/紅衣炮, p=hóngyípào, l=red barbarian cannon/red coat cannon; ) was the Chinese name for Portuguese-style muzzle-loading culverins introduced to China and Korea from the Portuguese colony of Macau and with the help of Portuguese diplomats and advisors in the Beijing imperial Court like João Rodrigues Tçuzu, João Rodrigues. Name The term "red barbarian cannon" comes probably from the huge burst of red fire produced by the explosion when fired, while the term barbarian was how the Portuguese were known since their arrival in southern China and Japan in the 16th century.The cannons were originally produced by the Portuguese at Macau in the largest cannon production center in the Far East, founded by António Bocarro The Jurchens renamed the "red barbarian cannon" to "red coat cannon" ( zh, c=紅衣炮, p=hóngyīpào) when it entered their arsenal because they found the term "barbarian" to be insulting, and were known as such in the Manchu Ei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lulong County
Lulong County(), is a county of Qinhuangdao City, in northeastern Hebei Province, China. As of 2020, according to the 2020 Chinese census The Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (), also referred to as the 2020 Chinese Census, was the seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, national census conducted by the National Bure ..., the county has a population of 333,942. Administrative divisions The county administers 6 towns and 6 townships. Towns: * Lulong (), Panzhuang (), Yanheying (), Shuangwang (), Liutiangezhuang (), Shimen () Townships: * Xiazhai Township (), Liujiaying Township (), Chenguantun Township (), Yinzhuang Township (), Gebo Township (), Mujing Township () Climate Transport * China National Highway 102 * China National Highway 205 * Beijing–Harbin Railway * Beijing–Qinhuangdao Railway * Datong–Qinhuangdao Railway * G1 Beijing–Harbin Expressway References External linksOfficia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zunhua
Zunhua () is a county-level city in the northeast of Hebei province, China, bordering Tianjin to the west. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Tangshan. Historic sites include the Eastern Qing Tombs (Qing Dongling). Administrative divisions Zunhua has jurisdiction over 2 subdistricts, 13 towns, and 12 townships. Subdistricts Zunhua contains the subdistricts of () and (). Towns Zunhua contains the following 13 towns: * () * () * Malanyu () * () * () * () * Dangyu () * () * () * () * () * () * () Townships Zunhua contains the following 12 townships, of which, 3 are Manchu ethnic townships: * () * Cuijiazhuang Township () * () * () * () * () * () * () * () * () * () * Dongling Manchu Ethnic Township () Geography Most of the city's terrain consists of small mountains, hills, and valleys, and a number of rivers, such as the Sha, Li, Lin, and Weijin flow through the city. Significant mountains in Zunhua include Jiufeng Moun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qian'an, Hebei
Qian'an () is a county-level city in the northeast of Hebei province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Tangshan. The city spans an area of , and has a population of 775,813 as of 2021. Toponymy The area of present-day Qian'an had historically been part of Anxi County () during the Liao and the Jin dynasties. In 1167, during the Jin dynasty, the area was renamed to Qian'an County (), whose name literally means "moved from Anxi". History The area of present-day Qian'an has hosted human activity since the Paleolithic and Neolithic ages. The area had belonged to the state of Guzhu during the time period corresponding to the Shang and Zhou dynasties. During the Spring and Autumn period, the area was part of (), a Shanrong state. In 664 BCE, Lingqi and Guzhu were invaded by the state of Qi, led by Duke Huan of Qi and Guan Zhong. After the military success of Qi, the area of present-day Qian'an was absorbed into the state of Yan. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luanzhou
Luanzhou (), formerly Luan County (), is a county-level city in the east of Hebei province, China. It is under the administration of Tangshan city. The city spans an area of about , and, as of 2024, has a population of 518,900. The city's economy is largely industrial, and it is home to large deposits of iron ore. The area is named after the Luan River, which flows through the city. History The area of present-day Luanzhou was once part of the state of Guzhu. During the Han dynasty, the area was organized as Haiyang County (). Abaoji, the founding emperor of the Liao dynasty, further settled the area with captured families. During the 1911 Revolution, the took place in the city. Geography Luanzhou is located in the eastern part of Tangshan. It borders Lulong County and Changli County in neighboring Qinhuangdao across the Luan River to the east, Luannan County to the south, Fengrun, Tangshan, Fengrun District, Guye, Tangshan, Guye District, and Kaiping, Tangshan, Kaiping Di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Wall Of China
The Great Wall of China (, literally "ten thousand ''li'' long wall") is a series of fortifications in China. They were built across the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China as protection against various nomadic groups from the Eurasian Steppe. The first walls date to the 7th century BC; these were joined together in the Qin dynasty. Successive dynasties expanded the wall system; the best-known sections were built by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). To aid in defense, the Great Wall utilized watchtowers, troop barracks, garrison stations, signaling capabilities through the means of smoke or fire, and its status as a transportation corridor. Other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls (allowing control of immigration and emigration, and the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road), and the regulation of trade. The collective fortifications constituting the Great Wall stretch from Liaodong in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shanhai Pass
The Shanhai Pass () is a major fortified gateway at the eastern end of the Great Wall of China and one of its most crucial fortifications, as the pass commands the narrowest choke point in the strategic Liaoxi Corridor, an elongated coastal plain at the foothills of the Yan Mountains and the only easily traversable landway between North and Northeast China. It is located in present-day Shanhaiguan District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei province, on the east bank of the Shi River, with defensive walls stretching from the Yan Mountains all the way to the shores of the Liaodong Bay. Throughout Chinese history, garrisons around the pass served as frontline defensive outposts against raids and incursions into the North China Plain by various non- Sinitic ethnic groups from the Northeast (also known as Manchuria since the 19th century), including the Dongyi, Donghu (Xianbei and Wuhuan), Khitan and Jurchen (Manchus). The current Shanhai Pass was built during the early Ming dynasty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jisi Incident
The Jisi Incident () was a military conflict between the Later Jin dynasty and the Ming dynasty, named because it happened in 1629, a ''jisi'' year according to the Chinese sexagenary cycle. In the winter of 1629 Hong Taiji bypassed Ming's northeastern defenses by breaching the Great Wall of China west of the Shanhai Pass and reached the outskirts of Beijing before being repelled by reinforcements from Shanhai Pass. The Later Jin secured large amounts of war material by looting the region around Beijing. This was the first time Later Jin forces had broken through the Great Wall since they rose up against the Ming dynasty. Course of battle In the winter of 1629 the Jin army broke through the Great Wall at Longjing Pass and Da'an Pass, west of Shanhai Pass. The Jin first secured Jizhou by encircling it and then advanced towards Zunhua, which fell easily with the help of defectors. The Ming official Liu Zhilun attempted to thwart the Jin invaders with two units of gunners, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
