Austro-Hungarian Fortifications On The Italian Border

picture info	Austro-Hungarian Fortifications On The Italian Border The Austro-Hungarian fortifications on the Italian border were constructed in the 19th and early 20th centuries to protect against invasion from Italy. Most were built in what is today the Trentino-Alto Adige region; some built outside this territory were ceded to Italy after 1866. By the First World War many of them were obsolete, but nevertheless played a role in deterring and containing Italian assaults. Terminology Generally, in Austrian military terminology these defensive structures were not referred to as forts. The terms used to describe them were ‘werk’ (’works’), ‘sperre’ (‘barrier’) or ‘straßensperre’ (‘roadblock’). Defence districts were referred to as ‘rayons’. Originally there were only two, divided into subrayons or sections. Over the course of the First World War, however, more and more subrayons and sections were replaced by rayons. Construction Before 1866 Before the Second Italian War of Independence the main Austrian fortification ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Third Italian War Of Independence The Third Italian War of Independence ( it, Terza Guerra d'Indipendenza Italiana) was a war between the Kingdom of Italy and the Austrian Empire fought between June and August 1866. The conflict paralleled the Austro-Prussian War and resulted in Austria conceding the region of Venetia (present-day Veneto, Friuli and the city of Mantua, the last remnant of the ''Quadrilatero'') to France, which were later annexed by Italy after a plebiscite. Italy's acquisition of this wealthy and populous territory represented a major step in the Unification of Italy. Background Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy had been proclaimed King of Italy on 17 March 1861 but did not control Venetia or the much-reduced Papal States. The situation of the , a later Italian term for part of the country under foreign domination that literally meaning ''unredeemed'', was an unceasing source of tension in the domestic politics of the new kingdom and a cornerstone of its foreign policy. The first attempt to seize ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Predil Pass The Predil Pass or Predel Pass ( it, Passo di Predil; sl, Predel, ) (el. 1156 m) is a high mountain pass on the border between Italy and Slovenia. Geography The pass is located in the Julian Alps, between the peaks of Mount Mangart to the north and Mount Kanin to the south. It connects Cave del Predil, part of the Italian municipality of Tarvisio in the northwest, with the Municipality of Bovec in the Upper Soča (Isonzo) Valley in Slovenia. On the Italian side, state highway no. 54 (''del Friuli'') leads from Tarvisio and the Canal Valley along Slizza Creek to Lake Predil, where the route to the Sella Nevea Pass in the south branches off, and uphill to the Predil crest. On the Slovenian side, road no. 203 runs downhill to Log pod Mangartom and continues to Bovec. The village of Strmec na Predelu lies just below the border crossing. History The road was built from 1319 onwards by the citizens of Cividale in the Patriarchate of Aquileia with the consent of the Prince ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Werk Corno 1914 Werk may refer to: * Elliot Werk (born 1957), Democratic politician from Boise, Idaho * Nicholas Werk (born 14th-century), English politician * colloquial name for Třinec Iron and Steel Works in the Czech Republic * WERK, a radio station in Muncie, Indiana * Werk 80, a 1997 album by German band Atrocity * Werk Arena, an indoor sporting arena in Třinec, Czech Republic * Werk Discs Werkdiscs (formerly spelt as Werk Discs) is a British independent record label based in London. It was originally a club night started by Darren J. Cunningham also known as Actress, Ben Casey and Gavin Weale in the early 2000s. Werkdiscs releas ... , an independent record label based in London * German and Dutch for work {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Erzherzog Leopold Salvator Inspiziert Das Werk Corno (BildID 15520065) Archduke (feminine: Archduchess; German: ''Erzherzog'', feminine form: ''Erzherzogin'') was the title borne from 1358 by the Habsburg rulers of the Archduchy of Austria, and later by all senior members of that dynasty. It denotes a rank within the former Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), which was below that of Emperor and King, roughly equal to Grand Duke, but above that of a Prince and Duke. The territory ruled by an Archduke or Archduchess was called an Archduchy. All remaining Archduchies ceased to exist in 1918. The current head of the House of Habsburg is Karl von Habsburg. Terminology The English word is first recorded in 1530, derived from Middle French ', a 15th-century derivation from Medieval Latin ', from Latin ''-'' ( Greek ) meaning "authority" or "primary" (see ''arch-'') and ' "duke" (literally "leader"). "Archduke" (german: Erzherzog; nl, Aartshertog) is a title distinct from "Grand Duke" (french: Grand-Duc; lb, Groussherzog; german: Großherzog; nl, Groother ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest. Slovenia is mostly mountainous and forested, covers , and has a population of 2.1 million (2,108,708 people). Slovenes constitute over 80% of the country's population. Slovene, a South Slavic language, is the official language. Slovenia has a predominantly temperate continental climate, with the exception of the Slovene Littoral and the Julian Alps. A sub-mediterranean climate reaches to the northern extensions of the Dinaric Alps that traverse the country in a northwest–southeast direction. The Julian Alps in the northwest have an alpine climate. Toward the northeastern Pannonian Basin, a continental climate is more pronounced. Ljubljana, the capital and largest city of Slovenia, is geogr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Kluže Fortress The Kluže Fortress is a fort near the town of Bovec in northwestern Slovenia. The original fortress was built in 1472 near Bovec on the road between Cave del Predil and Carinthia. Its likely original purpose was defence of Friuli against the Turks. In the course of the 16th century Bovec came under Austrian authority as a result of the wars between Venice and the Habsburgs. However, for the time being it remained as an ecclesiastical dependence of Cividale and Aquileia. At the end of the 18th century it was entirely under Austria's administration, and remained so until 1918. In 1796 and 1797 fighting took place around the fort, as Napoleon's army pushed through the Koritnica gorge. Napoleon's forces took the fort in 1797 by placing artillery at a higher elevation (where Fort Hermann now stands). The fortress was then destroyed. The current fort was built upon the site by the Austrians in the late 19th century. Fort Hermann, covering the higher elevation, was built at the same ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Carinthia Carinthia (german: Kärnten ; sl, Koroška ) is the southernmost States of Austria, Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The main language is German language, German. Its regional dialects belong to the Southern Bavarian group. Carinthian dialect group, Carinthian Slovene dialects, forms of a South Slavic languages, Slavic language that predominated in the southeastern part of the region up to the first half of the 20th century, are now spoken by a Carinthian Slovenes, small minority in the area. Carinthia's main Industry (economics), industries are tourism, electronics, engineering, forestry, and agriculture. Name The etymology of the name "Carinthia", similar to Carnia or Carniola, has not been conclusively established. The ''Ravenna Cosmography'' (about AD 700) referred to a Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps, Slavic "Carantani" tribe as the eastern neighbours of the Bavarians. In his ''History of the Lombards'', the 8th-c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]