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Andrija Artuković
Andrija Artuković (19 November 1899 – 16 January 1988) was a Croatian lawyer, politician, and senior member of the ultranationalist and fascist Ustasha movement, who served as the Minister of Internal Affairs and Minister of Justice in the Government of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) during World War II in Yugoslavia. He signed into law a number of racial laws against Serbs, Jews, and Roma, and was responsible for a string of concentration camps in which over 100,000 civilians were tortured and murdered. He escaped to the United States after the war, where he lived until extradited to Yugoslavia in 1986. He was tried and found guilty of a number of mass killings in the NDH, and was sentenced to death, but the sentence was not carried out due to his age and health. He died in custody in 1988. Early life and career Andrija Artuković was born on 19 November 1899, in Klobuk, near Ljubuški in Austro-Hungarian-occupied Herzegovina to Marijan and Ruža (née Rašić) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ante Nikšić
Ante Nikšić (8 June 1892 – 28 January 1962) was a Croatian lawyer and politician who served as Minister of Interior of the Independent State of Croatia between 1942 and 1943. Early life Nikšić was born in Gospić in Croatian region of Lika. He attended high school in Gospić. Nikšić studied law at the University of Vienna and at the Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb where he gained the title of doctor of law. As a student, he was member of the Party of Right's youth organization and was the president of "Kvaternik" club and of the students' support society. After he left university he worked as a judge in Gospić and Zagreb, and later worked as a lawyer in Vukovar. In Vukovar, he was an editor of local newspaper of the Croatian Union, and later the newspaper of the Croatian Bloc during the 1925 elections, after which he worked as a judge in such regions as Jastrebarsko, Ivanec and Karlovac, where he became President of the Karlovac Municipal Court and later Pres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II In Yugoslavia
World War II in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia began on 6 April 1941, when the country was swiftly conquered by Axis forces and partitioned between Germany, Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria and their client regimes. Shortly after Germany attacked the USSR on 22 June 1941, the communist-led republican Yugoslav Partisans, on orders from Moscow, launched a guerrilla liberation war fighting against the Axis forces and their locally established Puppet state, puppet regimes, including the Axis-allied Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and the Government of National Salvation in the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia, German-occupied territory of Serbia. This was dubbed the National Liberation War and Socialist Revolution in post-war Yugoslav communist historiography. Simultaneously, a multi-side civil war was waged between the Yugoslav communist Partisans, the Serbian royalist Chetniks, the Axis-allied Croatian Ustaše and Croatian Home Guard (World War II), Home Guard, Serbian Volun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juris Doctor
The Juris Doctor (J.D. or JD), also known as Doctor of Jurisprudence (J.D., JD, D.Jur., or DJur), is a graduate-entry professional degree in law and one of several Doctor of Law degrees. The J.D. is the standard degree obtained to practice law in the United States; unlike in some other jurisdictions, there is no undergraduate law degree in the United States. In the United States, along with Australia, Canada, and some other common law countries, the J.D. is earned by completing law school. It has the academic standing of a professional doctorate (in contrast to a research doctorate) in the United States, – mentions that the J.D. is a “professional doctorate”, in § ‘Data notes’ – describes differences between academic and professional doctorates; contains a statement that the J.D. is a professional doctorate, in § ‘Other references’. where the National Center for Education Statistics discontinued the use of the term "first professional degree" a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Široki Brijeg
, , nickname = , motto = , image_map = BiH municipality location Široki Brijeg.svg , map_alt = , map_caption = Location of Široki Brijeg in Bosnia and Herzegovina , pushpin_map = Bosnia and Herzegovina , pushpin_map_alt = , pushpin_map_caption = , coordinates = , coor_pinpoint = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = Entity , subdivision_name1 = Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , subdivision_type2 = Canton , subdivision_name2 = West Herzegovina , subdivision_type3 = Geographical region , subdivision_name3 = Herzegovina , established_title = , established_date = , founder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnasium (school)
''Gymnasium'' (and variations of the word) is a term in various European languages for a secondary school that prepares students for higher education at a university. It is comparable to the US English term '' preparatory high school''. Before the 20th century, the gymnasium system was a widespread feature of educational systems throughout many European countries. The word (), from Greek () 'naked' or 'nude', was first used in Ancient Greece, in the sense of a place for both physical and intellectual education of young men. The latter meaning of a place of intellectual education persisted in many European languages (including Albanian, Bulgarian, Estonian, Greek, German, Hungarian, the Scandinavian languages, Dutch, Polish, Czech, Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovak, Slovenian and Russian), whereas in other languages, like English (''gymnasium'', ''gym'') and Spanish (''gimnasio''), the former meaning of a place for physical education was retained. School structure Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franciscan
The Franciscans are a group of related Mendicant orders, mendicant Christianity, Christian Catholic religious order, religious orders within the Catholic Church. Founded in 1209 by Italian Catholic friar Francis of Assisi, these orders include three independent orders for men (the Order of Friars Minor being the largest contemporary male order), orders for women religious such as the Order of Saint Clare, and the Third Order of Saint Francis open to male and female members. They adhere to the teachings and spiritual disciplines of the founder and of his main associates and followers, such as Clare of Assisi, Anthony of Padua, and Elizabeth of Hungary. Several smaller Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism, Protestant Franciscan orders exist as well, notably in the Anglican and Lutheran traditions (e.g. the Community of Francis and Clare). Francis began preaching around 1207 and traveled to Rome to seek approval from Pope Innocent III in 1209 to form a new religious order. The o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austro-Hungarian Rule In Bosnia And Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina fell under Austro-Hungarian rule in 1878, when the Congress of Berlin approved the occupation of the Bosnia Vilayet, which officially remained part of the Ottoman Empire. Three decades later, in 1908, Austria-Hungary provoked the Bosnian Crisis by formally annexing the occupied zone, establishing the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the joint control of Austria and Hungary. History Occupation Following the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), in June and July 1878 the Congress of Berlin was organized by the Great Powers. The resulting Treaty of Berlin caused Bosnia and Herzegovina to nominally remain under sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire, but was de facto ceded to Austria-Hungary, which also obtained the right to garrison the Sanjak of Novi Pazar. According to article 25: The provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina shall be occupied and administered by Austria-Hungary. The government of Austria-Hungary, not desiring to undertake the administ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klobuk (Ljubuški)
Klobuk of Patriarch Philaret of Moscow (1619-33), Kremlin museum A klobuk is an item of monastic clothing worn by monks and, in the Russian tradition, also by nuns, in the Byzantine Rite, composed of a kamilavka (stiffened round black headcovering) with an epanokamelavkion, a veil which completely covers the kamilavka and hangs down over the shoulders and back. Overview In the Greek tradition, the epanokamelavkion is simply laid over the kamilavka and allowed to hang freely,The Athonite Typicon calls for the veil to be removed at certain points during the services.A deacon's epanokamelavkion is normally removable because he serves wearing only the kamilavka when he vests. but in the Russian tradition they are permanently attached. Tonsured monastics always wear a klobuk in church and the refectory and whenever else formally dressed. During the services, there are specified times when monks are to remove the klobuk and lay it on their left shoulder to denote reverence for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in free association with three Pacific Island sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City. Paleo-Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concentration Camps In The Independent State Of Croatia
During World War II, numerous concentration camps existed in the Independent State of Croatia. Most of them were operated by the Croatian Ustaša authorities, but some of them were operated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Ustaša-operated camps German-operated camps * Sajmište concentration camp * Sisak * Vinkovci * Jankomir Italian-operated camps * Kraljevica * Brač * Hvar * Gruž * Kupari * Lopud In annexed territories * Molat concentration camp * Rab concentration camp See also * List of massacres in the Independent State of Croatia * Persecution of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia * The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia ( hr, Holokaust u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj; he, השואה במדינת קרואטיה העצמאית) involved the genocide primarily of Jews, and also the genocide of Serbs (the Genocide o ... Notes References Sources ;Books * * * * * * * ;Journals * ; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romani People In Croatia
There have been Romani people in Croatia for more than 600 years and they are concentrated mostly in the northern regions of the country. A considerable number of Romani refugees in Croatia are from the ethnic conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina. There are more than 120 Romani minority NGOs in Croatia. One of the most prominent is Croatian Roma Union and Alliance of Roma in the Republic of Croatia "Kali Sara". History Origin The Romani people originally came to Europe from Northern India, presumably from the northwestern Indian states of Rajasthan and Punjab. The linguistic evidence has indisputably shown that roots of the Romani language lie in India: the language has grammatical characteristics of Indian languages and shares with them a big part of the basic lexicon, for example, body parts or daily routines. More exactly, Romani shares the basic lexicon with Hindi and Punjabi. It shares many phonetic features with Marwari, while its grammar is closest to Bengali. Geneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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