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Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif
Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif (31 May 1935 – 27 May 2022), popularly known as Buya Syafi'i, was an Indonesian Islamic scholar and intellectual. He was chairman of Muhammadiyah between 1998 and 2005. Educated in the United States, he was known for his moderate and progressive interpretation of Islam and his opposition to the direct influence of Islam in politics. Early life Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif was born on 31 May 1935 in the ''Nagari'' of Calau, in the present-day Sumpur Kudus District of Sijunjung Regency in West Sumatra. He had four full siblings and 11 half-siblings. His father, Ma'rifah Rauf Datuk Rajo Malayu, was a gambier trader and the chief elder in his region. Maarif's mother died when he was a year old, and he was brought up by his aunt Bainah. In 1942, he enrolled at ''Sekolah Rakyat'', a local elementary school open to native students under the colonial system. He studied Qur'an and Islamic lessons after school in a madrasa owned by Muhammadiyah, and Qur'an recitatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammadiyah
Muhammadiyah (), officially Muhammadiyah Society () is a major Islamic non-governmental organization in Indonesia.A. Jalil HamidTackle the rising cost of living longer New Straits Times, 30 October 2016. Accessed 1 November 2016. The organization was founded in 1912 by Ahmad Dahlan in the city of Yogyakarta as a Islah, reformist socioreligious movement, advocating ''ijtihad'' - individual interpretation of ''Quran, Qur'an'' and ''Sunnah'', as opposed to ''Taqlid'' - conformity to the traditional interpretations propounded by the ''ulama''. Since its establishment, Muhammadiyah has adopted a reformist platform mixing religious and secular education, primarily as a way to promote the upward mobility of Muslims toward a 'modern' community and to purify Indonesian Islam of local Syncretism, syncretic practices. It continues to support local culture and promote religious tolerance in Indonesia, while a few of its higher education institutions are attended mostly by non-Muslims, especial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian National Revolution
The Indonesian National Revolution (), also known as the Indonesian War of Independence (, ), was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during Aftermath of WWII, postwar and Dutch East Indies#World War II and independence, postcolonial Indonesia. It took place between Indonesian Declaration of Independence, Indonesia's declaration of independence in 1945 and the Netherlands' Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, transfer of sovereignty over the Dutch East Indies to the Republic of the United States of Indonesia at the end of 1949. The four-year struggle involved sporadic but bloody armed conflict, internal Indonesian political and communal upheavals, and two major international diplomatic interventions. Dutch military forces (and, for a while, the forces of the World War II Allies, World War II allies) were able to control the major towns, cities and industrial assets in Repu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
McGill University
McGill University (French: Université McGill) is an English-language public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1821 by royal charter,Frost, Stanley Brice. ''McGill University, Vol. I. For the Advancement of Learning, 1801–1895.'' McGill-Queen's University Press, 1980. the university bears the name of James McGill, a Scottish merchant, whose bequest in 1813 established the University of McGill College. In 1885, the name of the university was officially changed to McGill University. Its main campus is on the slope of Mount Royal in downtown Montreal in the borough of Ville-Marie, with a second campus situated in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, west of the main campus on Montreal Island. The university is one of two members of the Association of American Universities located outside the United States, alongside the University of Toronto, and is the only Canadian member of the Global University Leaders Forum (GULF) within the World Economic Forum. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanford University Press
Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University. It is one of the oldest academic presses in the United States and the first university press to be established on the West Coast. It is currently a member of the Association of University Presses. The press publishes 130 books per year across the humanities, social sciences, and business, and has more than 3,500 titles in print. History David Starr Jordan, the first president of Stanford University, posited four propositions to Leland and Jane Stanford when accepting the post, the last of which stipulated, "That provision be made for the publication of the results of any important research on the part of professors, or advanced students. Such papers may be issued from time to time as 'Memoirs of the Leland Stanford Junior University.'" In 1892, the first work of scholarship to be published under the Stanford name, ''The Tariff Controversy in the United States, 1789-1833'', by Orrin Leslie Elliott, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fulbright Program
The Fulbright Program, including the Fulbright–Hays Program, is one of several United States cultural exchange programs with the goal of improving intercultural relations, cultural diplomacy, and intercultural competence between the people of the United States and other countries through the mutual exchange of persons, knowledge, and skills. The program was founded by United States Senator J. William Fulbright in 1946, and has been considered as one of the most prestigious scholarships in the United States. Via the program, competitively selected American citizens including students, scholars, teachers, professionals, scientists, and artists may receive scholarships or grants to study, conduct research, teach, or exercise their talents abroad; and citizens of other countries may qualify to do the same in the United States. The program provides approximately 8,000 grants annually, comprising roughly 1,600 grants to U.S. students, 1,200 to U.S. scholars, 4,000 to foreign s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Journalists Association
The Indonesian Journalists Association (), here inafter known as PWI, is the first professional journalist organization in Indonesia. PWI was established on 9 February 1946 in Surakarta (this date was designated under the New Order in 1985 to become National Press Day). PWI consists of journalists spread all over Indonesia. Currently PWI is led by Margiono as chairman who has served from 2013 to 2018. History The establishment of the PWI organization became the beginning of Indonesia's struggle against colonialism in Indonesia through media and writing. After the establishment of PWI, similar organizations were also established. The organization was the Newspaper Publishers Union (SPS; ) on 8 June 1946. The SPS changed its name to the Press Company Union (SPP; ) in 2011, coinciding with the 65th SPS anniversary. The interest in establishing SPS at that time departed from the idea that the ranks of national press publishers needed to be immediately organized and managed, in its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wonogiri Regency
Wonogiri Regency is a regency () in the southeastern part of Central Java Central Java (, ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia, located in the middle of the island of Java. Its administrative capital is Semarang. It is bordered by West Java in the west, the Indian Ocean and the Special Region of Yogya ... province in Indonesia. It is bordered to the north by Sukoharjo Regency and Karanganyar Regency, to the east by East Java Province (mainly Pacitan Regency), to the south by the Indian Ocean, and to the west by the Special Region of Yogyakarta. It covers an area of 1,904.32 km2, and its population was 928,904 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 1,043,177 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 1,054,145 (comprising 525,877 males and 528,268 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kabupaten Wonogiri Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3312) The capital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surakarta
Surakarta (Javanese script, Javanese: , Pegon script, Pegon: ), known colloquially as Solo (Javanese script, Javanese: ; ), is a major List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, city in Central Java, Indonesia. The city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency to the east and west, and Sukoharjo Regency to the south. On the eastern side of Solo lies Solo River (Bengawan Solo). Its metropolitan area, consisting of Surakarta City and the surrounding six regencies ("Greater Solo Area", formerly Special Region of Surakarta), was home to 6,837,753 inhabitants according to the official estimates for mid 2023, 526,870 of whom reside in the city proper. Surakarta is the birthplace of the President of Indonesia from 2014 to 2024, Joko Widodo, as well as his son and current Vice President of Indonesia, Gibran Rakabuming Raka. The former served as Mayor of Surakarta from 2005 to 2012, as did the latter from 2021 to 2024. His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lombok
Lombok, is an island in West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. It forms part of the chain of the Lesser Sunda Islands, with the Lombok Strait separating it from Bali to the west and the Alas Strait between it and Sumbawa to the east. It is roughly circular, with a "tail" (Sekotong Peninsula) to the southwest, about across and a total area of about including smaller offshore islands. The provincial capital and largest city on the island is Mataram (city), Mataram. Lombok is somewhat similar in size and density, and shares some cultural heritage with the neighboring island of Bali to the west. However, it is administratively part of West Nusa Tenggara, along with the larger but less densely populated island of Sumbawa to the east. Lombok is surrounded by a number of smaller islands locally called Gili Islands, Gili. The island was home to some 3,168,692 people as recorded in the decennial 2010 census and 3,758,631 in the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia
The Pramuka Movement of Indonesia (), officially the Praja Muda Karana Scouting Movement (), is the national scouting organization of Indonesia. Scouting was founded in the Dutch East Indies in 1912, and Indonesia became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) in 1953. Regulated by the Pramuka Movement Act of 2010, all elementary and secondary schools must operate a scouting program; and membership was compulsory for students in elementary and secondary schools from 2013 to 2024. It has 25,272,760 members (as of 2022), making it the world's largest Scout association. The organization was established on 14 August 1961 as a part of the Guided Democracy in Indonesia, late Sukarno government's attempt to create a Scouting-like movement "Scouting controversy and conflict#Bans on Scouting by authoritarian regimes, freed from (the influences of) Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, Baden-Powell",. August 14 is celebrated as Pramuka Day to honour the org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Language
English is a West Germanic language that developed in early medieval England and has since become a English as a lingua franca, global lingua franca. The namesake of the language is the Angles (tribe), Angles, one of the Germanic peoples that Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, migrated to Britain after its End of Roman rule in Britain, Roman occupiers left. English is the list of languages by total number of speakers, most spoken language in the world, primarily due to the global influences of the former British Empire (succeeded by the Commonwealth of Nations) and the United States. English is the list of languages by number of native speakers, third-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish language, Spanish; it is also the most widely learned second language in the world, with more second-language speakers than native speakers. English is either the official language or one of the official languages in list of countries and territories where English ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Language
Indonesian (; ) is the official language, official and national language of Indonesia. It is a standard language, standardized variety (linguistics), variety of Malay language, Malay, an Austronesian languages, Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. With over 280 million inhabitants, Indonesia ranks as the list of countries by population, fourth-most populous nation globally. According to the 2020 census, over 97% of Indonesians are fluent in Indonesian, making it the largest language by number of speakers in Southeast Asia and one of the List of languages by total number of speakers, most widely spoken languages in the world.James Neil Sneddon. ''The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society''. UNSW Press, 2004. Indonesian vocabulary has been influenced by various native regional languages such as Javanese language, Javanese, Sundanese language, Sundanese, Minangkabau language, Min ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
