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Adiabene (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)
Metropolitanate of Adiabene ( syr, Hadyab ܚܕܝܐܒ) was an East Syriac metropolitan province of the Church of the East between the 5th and 14th centuries, with more than fifteen known suffragan dioceses at different periods in its history. Although the name Hadyab normally connoted the region around Erbil and Mosul in present-day Iraq, the boundaries of the East Syriac metropolitan province went well beyond the Erbil and Mosul districts. Its known suffragan dioceses included Beth Bgash (the Hakkari region of eastern Turkey) and Adarbaigan (the Ganzak district, to the southeast of Lake Urmi), well to the east of Adiabene proper. Ecclesiastical history The bishop of Erbil, present-day Iraqi Kurdistan, became metropolitan of Adiabene in 410, responsible also for the six suffragan dioceses of Beth Nuhadra (), Beth Bgash, Beth Dasen, Ramonin, Beth Mahqart and Dabarin. Bishops of the dioceses of Beth Nuhadra, Beth Bgash and Beth Dasen, which covered the modern ʿAmadiya and Hakkari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citadel (old City) Of Hewlêr (Erbil)
A citadel is the core fortified area of a town or city. It may be a castle, fortress, or fortified center. The term is a diminutive of "city", meaning "little city", because it is a smaller part of the city of which it is the defensive core. In a fortification with bastions, the citadel is the strongest part of the system, sometimes well inside the outer walls and bastions, but often forming part of the outer wall for the sake of economy. It is positioned to be the last line of defence, should the enemy breach the other components of the fortification system. The functions of the police and the army, as well as the army barracks were developed in the citadel. History 3300–1300 BC Some of the oldest known structures which have served as citadels were built by the Indus Valley civilisation, where citadels represented a centralised authority. Citadels in Indus Valley were almost 12 meters tall. The purpose of these structures, however, remains debated. Though the structures fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabrisho IV
Sabrisho IV bar Qayyoma was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 1222 until his death in 1225. Sources Brief accounts of Sabrisho's patriarchate are given in the ''Ecclesiastical Chronicle'' of the Jacobite writer Bar Hebraeus Gregory Bar Hebraeus ( syc, ܓܪܝܓܘܪܝܘܣ ܒܪ ܥܒܪܝܐ, b. 1226 - d. 30 July 1286), known by his Syriac ancestral surname as Bar Ebraya or Bar Ebroyo, and also by a Latinized name Abulpharagius, was an Aramean Maphrian (regional prim ... () and in the ecclesiastical histories of the fourteenth-century Nestorian writers Amr and Sliba. Modern assessments of his reign can be found in Jean-Maurice Fiey's ''Chrétiens syriaques sous les Abbassides'' and David Wilmshurst's ''The Martyred Church''. Sabrisho's patriarchate The following account of Sabrisho's patriarchate is given by Bar Hebraeus: Yahballaha II was succeeded by Sabrisho, his nephew by his brother, also as a result of the gold which he conveyed to the governor by the hand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emmanuel I (Nestorian Patriarch)
Emmanuel I was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 937 to 960. __NOTOC__ Emmanuel's patriarchate The following account of Emmanuel's patriarchate is given by Bar Hebraeus: After the death of the catholicus Abraham, the bishops gathered together and conspired to consecrate one of their own number catholicus, whoever it might be, rather than some outside monk. But Abu'lhasan, the counsellor of the caliph al-Radi, sent a messenger to summon a certain Emmanuel, from the monastery of Abba Joseph in the town of Balad. The bishops, forced to waive their rights, consecrated Emmanuel at Seleucia Seleucia (; grc-gre, Σελεύκεια), also known as or , was a major Mesopotamian city of the Seleucid empire. It stood on the west bank of the Tigris River, within the present-day Baghdad Governorate in Iraq. Name Seleucia ( grc-gre, ... in the year 326 D 937/8 Emmanuel was famed for his chastity and continence, reverenced and feared by his people, and strikingly tall and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sargis (Nestorian Patriarch)
Sargis was Patriarch of the Church of the East between 860 and 872. Sources Brief accounts of Sargis's patriarchate are given in the ''Ecclesiastical Chronicle'' of the Jacobite writer Bar Hebraeus (''floruit'' 1280) and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari (twelfth-century), Amr (fourteenth-century) and Sliba (fourteenth-century). Sargis's patriarchate The following account of Sargis's patriarchate is given by Mari: Sargis. We have mentioned earlier how this man assisted when al-Mutawakkil passed through Damascus and established an excellent relationship with him. After the death of Theodosius the caliph ordered that he should be appointed patriarch, but was warned that the metropolitans of Nisibis were not allowed to become patriarch because Bar Sawma had contrived the murder of Babowai and Yohannan the Leper had tried to murder Mar Hnanisho. The caliph ignored this custom, and Sargis was consecrated in al-Madaïn on the Sunday after the fast of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enosh (Nestorian Patriarch)
Enosh was Patriarch of the Church of the East between 877 and 884. Sources Brief accounts of Enosh's patriarchate are given in the ''Ecclesiastical Chronicle'' of the Jacobite writer Bar Hebraeus (''floruit'' 1280) and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari (twelfth-century), ʿAmr (fourteenth-century) and Sliba (fourteenth-century). An important incident during Enosh's reign is also mentioned in the ''Chronicle of Seert'', an ecclesiastical history probably written towards the end of the ninth century. Modern assessments of Enosh's reign can be found in Jean-Maurice Fiey's ''Chrétiens syriaques sous les Abbassides'' and David Wilmshurst's ''The Martyred Church''. Enosh's election The following account of Enosh's controversial election is given by Bar Hebraeus: At about the same time, in the third year of the caliph al-Muʿtamid, the Nestorian catholicus Sargis died, after fulfilling his office for twelve years. After their church remained widowed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ʿAbdishoʿ Bar Bahrīz
Ḥabīb ibn Bahrīz ( early 9th century), also called ʿAbdishoʿ bar Bahrīz,; ar, عبد يشوع بن بهريز, ʿAbd Īshūʿ ibn Bahrīz was a bishop and scholar of the Church of the East, famous for his translations from Syriac into Arabic. He also wrote original works on logic, canon law and apologetics. Ibn Bahrīz was probably born in the mid to late 8th century. His place of birth is unknown. He was a contemporary of the Abbasid caliph al-Maʾmūn () and the physician Jibrīl ibn Bukhtīshūʿ. He may have died shortly before Ibn Bukhtīshūʿ's own death in 827.Mark N. Swanson, "ʿAbdīshūʿ ibn Bahrīz", in David Thomas and Barbara Roggema (eds.), ''Christian–Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History'', Vol. 1 (600–900) (Brill, 2008), pp. 550–552. He was of Persian descent, as indicated by his father's name, Bahrīz. His own given name was Ḥabīb, while ʿAbdishoʿ ('servant of Jesus') was a religious name he took upon entering the church.Barbara H. Rogg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Elijah's Monastery 1
In religious belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of holiness, likeness, or closeness to God. However, the use of the term ''saint'' depends on the context and denomination. In Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, Oriental Orthodox, and Lutheran doctrine, all of their faithful deceased in Heaven are considered to be saints, but some are considered worthy of greater honor or emulation. Official ecclesiastical recognition, and consequently a public cult of veneration, is conferred on some denominational saints through the process of canonization in the Catholic Church or glorification in the Eastern Orthodox Church after their approval. While the English word ''saint'' originated in Christianity, historians of religion tend to use the appellation "in a more general way to refer to the state of special holiness that many religions attribute to certain people", referring to the Jewish tzadik, the Islamic walī, the Hindu rishi or Sikh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishodad Of Merv
Mar Ishodad of Merv ( syc, , Māri Ishoʿdād Maruzāyā; fl. AD 850) was a bishop of Hdatta and prominent theologian of the Church of the East, best known for his ''Commentaries'' on the Old and New Testaments. Life Very little is known of Ishodad's life, but a few details have survived in annotations to the list of patriarchs compiled by Mari ibn Suleiman and Amr ibn Matta. His epithet "of Merv" may denote a birthplace, meaning that he was born in the city of Merv in Khorasan, but this inference remains conjectural: his relationship to Merv is not known with certainty.. A member of the Church of the East—historically, though inaccurately, known as the Nestorian church—he became bishop of Hdatta,. a town close to the mouth of the Great Zab in modern Iraq, perhaps in 837 after Abraham of Marga left the see to become patriarch. Ishodad was a candidate for the patriarchate of the Church of the East around 853 after Abraham's death.. At the time the patriarchate was subject ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monastery Of Beth Abe
Monastery of Beth Abe ( syc, ܒܝܬ ܥܒܐ; ', literally "house of wood"), is an East Syriac monastery located near the on the Great Zab about 80 km northeast of Nineveh. It was founded by Rabban Jacob of Lashom around 595 AD. The monastery played a major part in Syriac monasticism and was inhabited by several important figures in the Church of the East such as Sahdona, John of Dailam, Shubhalishoʿ, Giwargis II and Abraham II. One monk, Thomas of Marga, wrote a history of the monastery. Another, Bishop David of Kartaw, wrote a series of biographies of holy men known as the ''Little Paradise''. Abbots The abbots listed by Thomas of Marga are: #''Rabban'' Jacob of Lashom #John of Beth Garmai (before 628) #Paul #Kam-Isho (during the reign of Ishoyahb III, 649–659) #Beraz-Surin (during the reign of Giwargis I, 661–680) #''Rabban Mar'' Abraham #Bar Sauma (during the reign of Hnanisho I, 686–698) #Gabriel of Shahrizor, called "the Cow" (during the reign of Hnanisho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham II (Nestorian Patriarch)
Abraham II was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 837 to 850. He was a monk at Beth Abe and was later appointed a bishop of Hdatta before being elected to the patriarchate. Brief accounts of Abraham's patriarchate are given in the ''Ecclesiastical Chronicle'' of the Jacobite writer Bar Hebraeus (''floruit'' 1280) and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari (twelfth-century), Amr (fourteenth-century) and Sliba (fourteenth-century). The following account of Abraham's patriarchate is given by Bar Hebraeus: Sabrisho II Sabrishoʿ II was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 831 to 835. He sat during the reigns of the caliphs al-Maʿmun (813–33) and al-Muʿtasim (833–41). Sources Accounts of Sabrishoʿ's patriarchate are given in the ''Ecclesiastical ... was succeeded by Abraham II, from the monastery of Beth Abe, who was a man pure and chaste in body but not learned, and not up to the task of governing the church. His nephew Ephrem, his siste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yohannan III (Nestorian Patriarch)
Yohannan III, the nephew of the patriarch Theodosius (853–858), was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 893 to 899. He was remembered as a profound scholar, but also as a glutton, a miser and a simoniac Simony () is the act of selling church offices and roles or sacred things. It is named after Simon Magus, who is described in the Acts of the Apostles as having offered two disciples of Jesus payment in exchange for their empowering him to imp .... Sources Brief accounts of Yohannan's patriarchate are given in the ''Ecclesiastical Chronicle'' of the Jacobite writer Bar Hebraeus (''floruit'' 1280) and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari (twelfth-century), Amr (fourteenth-century) and Sliba (fourteenth-century) Yohannan's patriarchate The following account of Yohannan's patriarchate, partly dependent on Mari's version, is given by Bar Hebraeus: The catholicus Yohannan Bar Narsaï was succeeded by Yohannan, the nephew of the catholicus Theodos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timothy II (Nestorian Patriarch)
Mar Timothy II (also Timotheos II) was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 1318 to 1332. He became leader of the church at a time of profound external stress due to loss of favor with the Mongol rulers of Persia. Eleven bishops were present at Timothy's consecration in 1318: the metropolitans Joseph of Ilam, Abdisho of Nisibis and Shemon of Mosul, and the bishops Shemon of Beth Garmaï, Shemon of Tirhan, Shemon of Balad, Yohannan of Beth Waziq, Yohannan of Shigar, Abdisho of Hnitha, Isaac of Beth Daron and Ishoyahb of Tella and Barbelli (Marga). Timothy himself had been metropolitan of Erbil before his election as patriarch. One of Timothy's first acts as patriarch was to call a synod in February 1318 and to affirm the Nomocanon of Abdisho of Nisibis as a source of ecclesiastical law. The canons of this synod were the last to have been recorded in the Church of the East before the nineteenth century. Timothy wrote an important treatise on the sacraments of the Chu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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