Acerinox
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Acerinox
Acerinox, S.A. (), headquartered in Madrid, is a manufacturer of steel and related products. In 2022, it was the 4th largest producer of stainless steel worldwide. It has operations in Europe, Asia, the U.S., and South Africa. It has fifteen factories including five in its stainless steel division. The company has been focused on increasing production in the U.S. History The company was founded in 1970. It was financed in part by Nisshin Steel. In 2009, Nisshin increased its ownership in the company from 11.3% to 15.0%. In March 2020, it acquired VDM Metals for €532 million. In November 2024, it acquired Haynes International for $798 million. It also sold its subsidiary Bahru Stainless for $95 million. Accidents In 1998, the Acerinox factory in Los Barrios, Cadiz melted a capsule of cesium-137 that was in a consignment of scrap metal. The radioactive substance was released into the atmosphere and spread over Europe — nuclear authorities in France, Germany, Italy, and Swi ...
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VDM Metals
VDM Metals Group (formerly Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke) based in Werdohl, Germany, is a manufacturer of corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and high-temperature nickel alloys, cobalt and zirconium alloys as well as high-alloyed special stainless steels. These materials are used in the chemical process industry, the oil and gas industry, aerospace, automotive and electronics / electrical engineering. VDM Metals operates production sites in Germany (Altena, Siegen, Unna and Werdohl) and the United States ( Florham Park, NJ, and Reno, NV). The company employs about 2,000 people worldwide. History The original Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke AG (VDM) was founded in 1930 by the takeover of ''Heddernheimer Kupferwerk and Süddeutsche Kabelwerk AG'' in Frankfurt by ''Berg-Heckmann-Selve AG'' in Altena. The merger took place on the initiative of Metallgesellschaft, which was the main shareholder of Heddernheimer Kupferwerke since 1893 and also took over the majority of the new co ...
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Haynes International
Haynes International, Inc., a subsidiary of Acerinox headquartered in Kokomo, Indiana, is one of the largest producers of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature alloys. In addition to Kokomo, Haynes has manufacturing facilities in Arcadia, Louisiana, Laporte, Indiana, and Mountain Home, North Carolina. The Kokomo facility specializes in flat products, the Arcadia facility in tubular products, and the Mountain Home facility in wire products. In fiscal year 2018, the company's revenues were derived from the aerospace (52.1%), chemical processing (18.2%), industrial gas turbine (12.0%) and other (12.3%) industries. The company's alloys are primarily marketed under the Hastelloy and the Haynes brands. They are based on nickel, but also include cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, silicon, manganese, carbon, aluminum, and/or titanium. History The company was founded by Elwood Haynes in 1912 in Kokomo, Indiana, as Haynes Stellite Works. The same year Haynes was awarded t ...
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Cesium-137
Caesium-137 (), cesium-137 (US), or radiocaesium, is a radioactive isotope of caesium that is formed as one of the more common fission products by the nuclear fission of uranium-235 and other fissionable isotopes in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. Trace quantities also originate from spontaneous fission of uranium-238. It is among the most problematic of the short-to-medium-lifetime fission products. Caesium-137 has a relatively low boiling point of and easily becomes volatile when released suddenly at high temperature, as in the case of the Chernobyl nuclear accident and with atomic explosions, and can travel very long distances in the air. After being deposited onto the soil as radioactive fallout, it moves and spreads easily in the environment because of the high water solubility of caesium's most common chemical compounds, which are salts. Caesium-137 was discovered by Glenn T. Seaborg and Margaret Melhase. Decay Caesium-137 has a half-life of about 30.04 year ...
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Corporación Financiera Alba
Corporación Financiera Alba is a Spanish investment holding company founded in 1986 and listed on the Continuous Market of the Spanish stock exchanges. The company is part of the March Group, one of Spain's leading private family-owned business and financial groups, which also includes Banca March and the Juan March Foundation. As of March 31, 2021, Corporación Financiera Alba's net asset value amounted to 4609 million euros. History Corporación Financiera Alba has its origins in Cementos Alba, a Spanish cement company controlled by the March Group, which began manufacturing cement in the 1950s. In 1986, Hornos Ibéricos, also a cement company whose majority shareholder was the Holderbank group (now Holcim, Holcim Ltd), acquired its cement plants and concrete subsidiaries. As a result of the sale of these industrial assets, Cementos Alba changed its name to Corporación Financiera Alba and used the proceeds from the divestment to become a financial holding company with ...
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IBEX 35
The IBEX 35 (IBerian IndEX) is the benchmark stock market index of the Bolsa de Madrid, Spain's principal stock exchange. Initiated in 1992, the index is administered and calculated by Sociedad de Bolsas, a subsidiary of Bolsas y Mercados Españoles (BME), the company which runs Spain's securities markets (including the Bolsa de Madrid). It is a market capitalization weighted index comprising the 35 most liquid Spanish stocks traded in the Madrid Stock Exchange General Index and is reviewed twice annually. Trading on options and futures contracts on the IBEX 35 is provided by MEFF (Mercado Español de Futuros Financieros), another subsidiary of BME. History The IBEX 35 was inaugurated on January 14, 1992, although there are calculated values for the index back to December 29, 1989, where the base value of 3,000 points lies. Between 2000 and 2007, the index outperformed many of its Western peers, driven by relatively strong domestic economic growth which particularly helped ...
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List Of Steel Producers
This is a list of the largest steel-producing companies in the world mostly based on the list by the World Steel Association. The list ranks steelmakers by volume of steel production in millions of tons over time and includes all steelmakers with production over 10 million in 2021. The World Steel Association features a list from its members every year. Due to mergers, year-to-year figures for some producers are not comparable. Not all steel is the same. Some steel is more valuable than other steel, so the volume is not the same as turnover. Some of the world's leading steel producers include China Baowu Group and ArcelorMittal. Notable players from China are HBIS Group, Ansteel Group, and Shagang Group.In India, Tata Steel, JSW Steel, SAIL and Jindal Steel and Power are key players in the steel industry. Japan's Nippon Steel Corporation is renowned for quality. POSCO Holdings from South Korea is also a significant contributor. Steelmakers from multiple different countri ...
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Madrid
Madrid ( ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in Spain, most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It is the Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits, second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and its wikt:monocentric, monocentric Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area is the List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population, second-largest in the EU.United Nations Department of Economic and Social AffairWorld Urbanization Prospects (2007 revision), (United Nations, 2008), Table A.12. Data for 2007. The municipality covers geographical area. Madrid lies on the Manzanares (river), River Manzanares in the central part of the Iberian Peninsula at about above mean sea level. The capital city of both Spain and the surrounding Community of Madrid, autonomous community of Madrid (since 1983), it is also th ...
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Badajoz
Badajoz is the capital of the Province of Badajoz in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. It is situated close to the Portugal, Portuguese Portugal–Spain border, border, on the left bank of the river Guadiana. The population in 2011 was 151,565. Badajoz was conquered by the Moors in the 8th century and re-founded as Baṭalyaws, and later in the 11th century the city became the seat of a separate Moorish kingdom, the Taifa of Badajoz. After the Reconquista, the area was disputed between Spain and Portugal for several centuries with alternating control resulting in several wars including the War of the Spanish Succession, Spanish War of Succession (1705), the Peninsular War (1808–1811), the Siege of Badajoz (1812), Storming of Badajoz (1812), and the Spanish Civil War (1936). Spanish history is largely reflected in the town. Badajoz is the Episcopal see, see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mérida-Badajoz. Prior to the merger of ...
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El País
(; ) is a Spanish-language daily newspaper in Spain. is based in the capital city of Madrid and it is owned by the Spanish media conglomerate PRISA. It is the second-most circulated daily newspaper in Spain . is the most read newspaper in Spanish online and one of the Madrid dailies considered to be a national newspaper of record for Spain (along with '' El Mundo'' and '' ABC)''. In 2018, its number of daily sales were 138,000. Its headquarters and central editorial staff are located in Madrid, although there are regional offices in the principal Spanish cities (Barcelona, Seville, Valencia, Bilbao, and Santiago de Compostela) where regional editions were produced until 2015. also produces a world edition in Madrid that is available online in English and in Spanish (Latin America). History was founded in May 1976 by a team at PRISA which included Jesus de Polanco, José Ortega Spottorno and Carlos Mendo. The paper was designed by Reinhard Gade and Julio Alonso. It wa ...
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Huelva
Huelva ( , , ) is a municipality of Spain and the capital of the Huelva (province), province of Huelva, in the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia. Located in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, it sits between the estuaries of the Odiel and Rio Tinto (river), Tinto rivers on the Atlantic coast of the Gulf of Cádiz. According to the 2010 census, the city had a population of 149,410. While the existence of an earlier pre-Phoenician settlement within the current urban limits since has been tentatively defended by scholars, Phoenicians established a stable colony roughly by the 9th century BC. Modern economic activity conformed to copper and pyrite extraction upstream funded by British capital and to the role of Port of Huelva, its port, as well as with the later development of a petrochemical industry. Huelva is home to Recreativo de Huelva, the oldest football club in Spain. History Protohistory At least up to the 1980s and 1990s, the main ...
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Companies Listed On The Madrid Stock Exchange
A company, abbreviated as co., is a Legal personality, legal entity representing an association of legal people, whether Natural person, natural, Juridical person, juridical or a mixture of both, with a specific objective. Company members share a common purpose and unite to achieve specific, declared goals. Over time, companies have evolved to have the following features: "separate legal personality, limited liability, transferable shares, investor ownership, and a managerial hierarchy". The company, as an entity, was created by the State (polity), state which granted the privilege of incorporation. Companies take various forms, such as: * voluntary associations, which may include nonprofit organizations * List of legal entity types by country, business entities, whose aim is to generate sales, revenue, and For-profit, profit * financial entities and banks * programs or educational institutions A company can be created as a legal person so that the company itself has limi ...
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Radioactive Waste
Radioactive waste is a type of hazardous waste that contains radioactive material. It is a result of many activities, including nuclear medicine, nuclear research, nuclear power generation, nuclear decommissioning, rare-earth mining, and nuclear weapons reprocessing. The storage and disposal of radioactive waste is regulated by government agencies in order to protect human health and the environment. Radioactive waste is broadly classified into 3 categories: low-level waste (LLW), such as paper, rags, tools, clothing, which contain small amounts of mostly short-lived radioactivity; intermediate-level waste (ILW), which contains higher amounts of radioactivity and requires some shielding; and high-level waste (HLW), which is highly radioactive and hot due to decay heat, thus requiring cooling and shielding. Spent nuclear fuel can be processed in nuclear reprocessing plants. One third of the total amount have already been reprocessed. With nuclear reprocessing 96% of the spent fue ...
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