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Angolan Escudo
The escudo was the currency of Angola between 1914 and 1928 and again between 1958 and 1977. It was subdivided into 100 ''centavos'' with the ''macuta'' worth 5 centavos and was equivalent to the Portuguese escudo. History The introduction of the escudo in Portugal's colonies took place in 1914, three years after it occurred in Portugal. The escudo replaced the ''Angolan real, real'' at a rate of 1000 réis = 1 escudo. In 1928, the ''Angolan angolar, angolar'' was introduced. Banknotes were exchanged at a rate of 1.25 escudos = 1 angolar, whilst centavo coins used with the escudo continued to be used with the angolar with no change in value. The angolar was pegged at parity with the Portuguese escudo, as the Angolan escudo had been before 1928. Thus, the currency reform constituted a devaluation of the escudo banknotes. In 1953, Portugal began unifying the currencies of its colonies. This process was completed in Angola at the end of 1958, with the reintroduction of the escudo. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-Central Africa, central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Portuguese-speaking world, Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) country in both total area and List of countries and dependencies by population, population and is the List of African countries by area, seventh-largest country in Africa. It is bordered by Namibia to the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Zambia to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Angola has an Enclave and exclave, exclave province, the province of Cabinda Province, Cabinda, that borders the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The capital and most populous city is Luanda. Angola has been inhabited since the Paleolithic, Paleolithic Age. After the Bantu expansion reached the region, states were formed by the 13th century and organised into confederations. The Kingdom of Kongo ascended to achieve hegemony among the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alves Dos Reis
Artur Virgílio Alves Reis (Lisbon, 8 September 1896 – 9 July 1955) was a Portuguese criminal who perpetrated one of the largest frauds in history, against the Bank of Portugal in 1925, often called the Angola e Metrópole affair. Early life Alves Reis was a child of a humble family; his father was a financially troubled undertaker who ended up being declared insolvent. Reis wanted to study engineering. He started his degree but quit in the first year to marry Maria Luísa Jacobetti de Azevedo, sister of Octávio Jacobetti de Azevedo and daughter of de Azevedo and Beatriz, in August 1916. In 1916, he decided to emigrate to Portuguese Angola, at the time a Portuguese colony, to try to make a fortune and escape the humiliations from his wife's family, due to their differences in social status. Before departing to Angola, Reis forged himself a diploma from Oxford University's "Polytechnic School of Engineering", a department that did not exist. He supposedly studied engineer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1977 Disestablishments
Events January * January 8 – 1977 Moscow bombings, Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo). * January 17 – 49 marines from the and are killed as a result of a collision in Barcelona harbour, Spain. * January 18 ** Scientists identify a previously unknown Bacteria, bacterium as the cause of the mysterious Legionnaires' disease. ** Australia's worst Granville rail disaster, railway disaster at Granville, a suburb of Sydney, leaves 83 people dead. ** SFR Yugoslavia Prime minister Džemal Bijedić, his wife and 6 others are killed in a plane crash in Bosnia and Herzegovina. * January 19 – An Ejército del Aire CASA C-207 Azor, CASA C-207C Azor (registration T.7-15) plane crashes into the side of a mountain near Chiva, Valencia, Chiva, on approach to Valencia Airport in Spain, killing all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1914 Establishments In Angola
This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It also saw the first airline to provide scheduled regular commercial passenger services with heavier-than-air aircraft, with the St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line. Events January * January 1 – The St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line in the United States starts services between St. Petersburg, Florida, St. Petersburg and Tampa, Florida, becoming the first airline to provide scheduled regular commercial passenger services with heavier-than-air aircraft, with Tony Jannus (the first federally-licensed pilot) conveying passengers in a Benoist XIV flying boat. Abram C. Pheil, mayor of St. Petersburg, is the first airline passenger, and over 3,000 people witness the first departure. * January 11 **The Sakurajima volcano in Japan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic History Of Portugal
The economic history of Portugal covers the development of the economy of Portugal, economy throughout the course of Portuguese history. It has its roots prior to nationality, when Roman Empire, Roman occupation developed a thriving economy of Hispania, economy in Hispania, in the provinces of Lusitania and Gallaecia, as producers and exporters to the Roman Empire. This continued under the Visigoths and then Al-Andalus Moorish rule, until the Kingdom of Portugal was established in 1139. With the end of Portuguese reconquista and integration in the Economic history of Europe#Interaction and renaissance in the Middle Ages, European Middle Age economy, the Portuguese were at the forefront of Portuguese discoveries, maritime exploration of the Age of Discovery, expanding to become the first Portuguese Empire, global empire. Portugal then became the world's main economic power during the Renaissance, introducing most of Africa and the East to European society, and establishing a G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modern Obsolete Currencies
Modern may refer to: History *Modern history ** Early Modern period ** Late Modern period *** 18th century *** 19th century *** 20th century ** Contemporary history * Moderns, a faction of Freemasonry that existed in the 18th century Philosophy and sociology * Modernity, a loosely defined concept delineating a number of societal, economic and ideological features that contrast with "pre-modern" times or societies ** Late modernity Art * Modernism ** Modernist poetry * Modern art, a form of art * Modern dance, a dance form developed in the early 20th century * Modern architecture, a broad movement and period in architectural history ** Moderne, multiple architectural styles ** Modernisme a.k.a. Catalan Modernism * Modern music (other) Geography *Modra, a Slovak city, referred to in the German language as "Modern" Typography * Modern (typeface), a raster font packaged with Windows XP * Another name for the typeface classification known as Didone (typography) * Modern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Currencies Of Portugal
A currency is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a ''system of money'' in common use within a specific environment over time, especially for people in a nation state. Under this definition, the British Pound sterling (£), euros (€), Japanese yen (¥), and U.S. dollars (US$) are examples of (government-issued) fiat currencies. Currencies may act as stores of value and be traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are either chosen by users or decreed by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance; i.e., legal tender laws may require a particular unit of account for payments to government agencies. Other definitions of the term ''currency'' appear in the respective synonymous articles: banknote, coin, and money. This article uses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angolan Kwanza
The kwanza (sign: Kz; ISO 4217 code: ) is the currency of Angola. Four different currencies using the name kwanza have circulated since 1977. The currency derives its name from the Kwanza River (which is also written as: Cuanza, Coanza, Quanza). Overview First kwanza, AOK, 1977–1990 The kwanza was introduced following Angolan independence. It replaced the escudo at par and was subdivided into 100 ''lwei''. Its ISO 4217 code was ''AOK''. Following a change in currency, a confiscation took place. Individuals could convert up to 200,000 escudos for kwanzas and corporations up to 1,500,000 escudos. This kwanza had a remarkably stable exchange rate of 29.918 kwanzas to the U.S. dollar for the entire period. Coins The first coins issued for the kwanza currency did not bear any date of issue, although all bore the date of independence, "11 de Novembro de 1975". They were in denominations of 50 lwei, 1, 2, 5 and 10 kwanzas. 20 kwanza coins were added in 1978. The last date to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centavo
The centavo (Spanish language, Spanish and Portuguese language, Portuguese 'one hundredth') is a fractional monetary unit that represents one hundredth of a basic monetary unit in many countries around the world. The term comes from Latin ''centum'' (), with the added suffix ''-avo'' ('portion'). Coins of various denominations of centavos have been made from copper, stainless steel, aluminum-bronze, and silver. Circulating Places that currently use the centavo include: *Argentine peso *Bolivian boliviano *Brazilian real *Cape Verdean escudo *Colombian peso *Cuban peso *Dominican peso *East Timorese centavo coins *Ecuadorian centavo coins *Guatemalan quetzal *Honduran lempira *Macanese pataca#Coins, Macanese avos *Mexican peso *Mozambican metical *Nicaraguan córdoba *Philippine peso (''In English usage; céntimo, ''sentimo'' or ''céntimo'' is used in Tagalog language, Tagalog and Spanish language, Spanish respectively.'') File:50 Centavos (Philippines).jpg, 50 Philippine cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angolan Angolar
The angolar (plural: ''angolares'') was the currency of Portuguese Angola between 1928 and 1958. It was subdivided into 100 ''centavos'' or 20 ''macutas''. ''Angolar'' is Portuguese for "of Angola". History The angolar was introduced in 1928 to replace the escudo. Banknotes were exchanged at a rate of 1 angolar = 1.25 escudos. However, the exchange rate with the Portuguese escudo remained at par, indicating that the earlier Angolan banknotes were devalued as part of the reform, rather than the angolar actually having a new, higher value. Coins (all denominated in centavos and macutas) were unaffected by the reform. In 1958, the name of the currency was switched back to escudo The escudo ( Portuguese: 'shield') is a unit of currency which is used in Cape Verde, and which has been used by Portugal, Spain and their colonies. The original coin was worth 16 silver . The Cape Verdean escudo is, and the Portuguese escudo ... after a period of time during which coins denominated in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
