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Ancient Regime Of Spain
The Spanish institutions of the Ancien Régime were the Base and superstructure, superstructure that, with some innovations, but above all through the adaptation and transformation of the political, social and economic institutions and practices pre-existing in the different Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula in the Late Middle Ages, presided over the historical period that broadly coincides with the Modern Age: from the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, Catholic Monarchs to the Liberal Revolution (from the last third of the 15th century to the first third of the 18th century) and which was characterized by the features of the Ancien Régime in Western Europe: a strong monarchy (authoritarian or Absolute monarchy, absolute), an Estates of the realm, estamental society and an economy in transition from feudalism to capitalism. The characteristics of the Ancien Régime are dispersion, multiplicity and even institutional collision, which makes the study of the history of institut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Base And Superstructure
In Marxist theory, societies A society () is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. ... consist of two parts: the base (or substructure) and superstructure. The base refers to the mode of production which includes the Forces of production, forces and relations of production (e.g. employer–employee work conditions, the technical division of labour, and property relations) into which people enter to produce the necessities and amenities of life. The superstructure refers to society's other relationships and ideas not directly relating to production (economics), production including its culture, institutions, roles, rituals, religion, media (communication), media, and State (polity), state. The relation of the two parts is not strictly unidirectional. The superstructure can affect the base ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Las Mestas, Extremadura
Las Mestas is a hamlet and ''alqueria'' located in the municipality of Ladrillar, in Cáceres province, Extremadura, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 43. Geography Las Mestas is located 165km north-northeast of Cáceres, Spain Cáceres ( , ) is a city and Spanish municipality located in the center of the autonomous community of Extremadura. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the province of Cáceres and houses the headquarters of the Superior Court .... References Populated places in the Province of Cáceres {{Extremadura-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confraternity
A confraternity (; ) is generally a Christian voluntary association of laypeople created for the purpose of promoting special works of Christian charity or piety, and approved by the Church hierarchy. They are most common among Catholics, Lutherans, Anglicans, and the Western Orthodox. When a Catholic confraternity has received the authority to aggregate to itself groups erected in other localities, it is called an archconfraternity. Examples include the various confraternities of penitents and the confraternities of the cord, as well as the Confraternity of the Holy Guardian Angels and the Confraternity of the Rosary. Confraternities were "the most sweeping and ubiquitous movement of the central and later Middle Ages". History Pious associations of laymen existed in very ancient times at Constantinople and Alexandria. In France, in the eighth and ninth centuries, the laws of the Carolingians mention confraternities and guilds. But the first confraternity in the modern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corporation (feudal Europe)
In feudal Europe, a corporation (from the Latin , a body) was an aggregation of business interests into a single legal body, entity or compact, usually with an explicit license from city, church, or national leaders. These functioned as effective monopolies for a particular good or labor. Most notably, merchants, bankers, notaries, blacksmiths, shoemakers. These corporations experienced their greatest development between the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries and declined and then disappeared between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In Italy, these corporations were mainly called Arts or Crafts Corporations, in Germanic-speaking countries Guilds. Name The term "corporation" was never used outside of Italy (Corporazioni delle arti e dei mestieri). In other countries, they were called métiers ("craft bodies") in France, guilds in England, Zünfte in Germany, gremios in Castile, gremis in Catalonia and València, grémios in Portugal, συντεχνία in Greece, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarchy
A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, reigns as head of state for the rest of their life, or until abdication. The extent of the authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic (constitutional monarchy), to fully autocratic (absolute monarchy), and may have Political representation, representational, Executive (government), executive, legislative, and judicial functions. The Order of succession, succession of monarchs has mostly been Hereditary monarchy, hereditary, often building dynasties; however, monarchies can also be elective monarchy, elective and Self-proclaimed monarchy, self-proclaimed. Aristocracy (class), Aristocrats, though not inherent to monarchies, often function as the pool of persons from which the monarch is chosen, and to fill the constituting institutions (e.g. Diet (assembly), diet and Royal court, court), giving many monarchies oligarchic elements. The Legitimacy (political)#Monarchy, political legitim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intendant
An intendant (; ; ) was, and sometimes still is, a public official, especially in France, Spain, Portugal, and Latin America. The intendancy system was a centralizing administrative system developed in France. In the War of the Spanish Succession of 1701 to 1714 the French royal House of Bourbon secured its hold on the throne of Spain; it extended a French-style intendancy system to Spain and Portugal - and subsequently worldwide through the Spanish Empire and Portuguese Empire. Regions were divided into districts, each administered by an intendant. The title continues in use in Spain and in parts of Spanish America for particular government officials. Development of the system in France Intendants were monarchy, royal civil servants in France under the Ancien Régime, Old Regime. A product of the centralization policies of the French crown, intendants were appointed "commissions," and not purchasable hereditary "offices," which thus prevented the abuse of sales of royal offi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vegueria
A ''vegueria'' (), plural ', is the highest-level Subdivisions of Catalonia, regional division of Catalonia. Each vegueria is further divided into ''Comarques of Catalonia, comarques'' and Municipality, municipalities. As of 2025, the divides the territory into eight vegueries. The autonomous Val d'Aran, Aran Valley, considered a "unique territorial entity", is not part of any of vegueria. The vegueries system is based on the feudalism, feudal administrative territorial jurisdiction of the :wikt:veguería, vegueríes "vicariates" of the Principality of Catalonia, which was abolished with the Nueva Planta decrees of 1716. Preceding the vegueries is the division into ‘functional territorial areas’ in 1995, now mostly identical to the vegueries, except for the merger of the Val d'Aran and Alt Pirineu into a single ''Alt Pirineu i Aran'' region for statistical purposes. The current administrative division was established by the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006 with two fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adelantado
''Adelantado'' (, , ; meaning 'advanced') was a title held by some Spain, Spanish nobles in service of their respective kings during the Middle Ages. It was later used as a military title held by some Spanish ''conquistadores'' of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries. ''Adelantados'' were charter, granted directly by the monarch the right to become governors and judge, justices of a specific region, which they were charged with conquering, in exchange for funding and organizing the initial explorations, settlements and pacification of the target area on behalf of the Crown of Castile. These areas were usually outside the jurisdiction of an existing ''Audiencia Real, audiencia'' or viceroy, and ''adelantados'' were authorized to communicate directly with the Council of the Indies. The ''reconquista'' The term has its origins in the ''reconquista'' and comes from the phrase ''por adelantado'' (Spanish language, Spanish: 'in advance', although translations stating 'one who goes before' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction (from Latin 'law' and 'speech' or 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice. In federations like the United States, the concept of jurisdiction applies at multiple levels (e.g., local, state, and federal). Jurisdiction draws its substance from international law, conflict of laws, constitutional law, and the powers of the executive and legislative branches of government to allocate resources to best serve the needs of society. International dimension Generally, international laws and treaties provide agreements which nations agree to be bound to. Such agreements are not always established or maintained. Extraterritorial jurisdiction is exercised through three principles outlined in the UN charter. These are equality of states, territorial sovereignty and non-intervention. This raises questions of when can many states prescribe or enforce jurisdiction. The ''Lotus'' case establishes two key rules t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfoz
Alfoz () is a municipality in the province of Lugo, in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It is in the comarca of A Mariña Central. It borders the municipalities of Foz, Mondoñedo, Abadín and O Valadouro. The population in 2008 was 2,133 people according to the municipal register of inhabitants. Alfoz is the antipodes of the University of Canterbury The University of Canterbury (UC; ; postnominal abbreviation ''Cantuar.'' or ''Cant.'' for ''Cantuariensis'', the Latin name for Canterbury) is a public research university based in Christchurch, New Zealand. It was founded in 1873 as Canterbur ... in Christchurch, New Zealand. Parishes * Adelán (Santiago) * Bacoi (Santa María) * Carballido (San Sebastián) * O Castro de Ouro (San Salvador) * Lagoa (San Vicente) External links *The Mindoniensis-Ferrolensis Province in the 21st Century (Alternatives: The Britonia Province)( ( 2009-10-24) Municipalities in the Province of Lugo {{Galicia-geo- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manorialism
Manorialism, also known as seigneurialism, the manor system or manorial system, was the method of land ownership (or "Land tenure, tenure") in parts of Europe, notably France and later England, during the Middle Ages. Its defining features included a large, sometimes fortified manor house in which the lord of the manor and his dependants lived and administered a rural estate, and a population of labourers or Serfdom, serfs who worked the surrounding land to support themselves and the lord. These labourers fulfilled their obligations with labour time or in-kind produce at first, and later by cash payment as commercial activity increased. Manorialism was part of the Feudalism, feudal system. Manorialism originated in the Roman villa system of the Late Roman Empire, and was widely practised in Middle Ages, medieval western Europe and parts of central Europe. An essential element of feudal society, manorialism was slowly replaced by the advent of a money-based market economy and new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Individual
An individual is one that exists as a distinct entity. Individuality (or self-hood) is the state or quality of living as an individual; particularly (in the case of humans) as a person unique from other people and possessing one's own needs or goals, rights and responsibilities. The concept of an individual features in many fields, including biology, law, and philosophy. Every individual contributes significantly to the growth of a civilization. Society is a multifaceted concept that is shaped and influenced by a wide range of different things, including human behaviors, attitudes, and ideas. The culture, morals, and beliefs of others as well as the general direction and trajectory of the society can all be influenced and shaped by an individual's activities. Etymology From the 15th century and earlier (and also today within the fields of statistics and metaphysics) ''individual'' meant " indivisible", typically describing any numerically singular thing, but sometimes meani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
