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Anaptychia Roemerioides
''Anaptychia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. ''Anaptychia'' species are foliose (leafy) to fruticose (bushy) lichens. They have brown, thin-walled spores with a single septum, and a upper . Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologist Gustav Wilhelm Körber in his 1848 work ''Grundriss der Kryptogamen-Kunde''. In his 1962 monograph on the genus, Syo Kurokawa included 88 species. A few years later, Josef Poelt thought the genus should be divided into two genera – ''Anaptychia'' and ''Heterodermia'' – based largely on differences in spore structure. William Culberson supported this opinion, emphasizing the presence of distinct chemical characteristics between the two groups. Some species of ''Anaptychia'' were transferred to the genus ''Kurokawia'', newly circumscribed in 2021. Other advancements in the taxonomy of ''Anaptychia'' have clarified the classification within section ''Protoanaptychia'', a group originally proposed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the kingdom (biology)#Six kingdoms (1998), traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxonomy (biology)
In biology, taxonomy () is the science, scientific study of naming, defining (Circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxon, taxa (singular: taxon), and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a more inclusive group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain (biology), domain, kingdom (biology), kingdom, phylum (''division'' is sometimes used in botany in place of ''phylum''), class (biology), class, order (biology), order, family (biology), family, genus, and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the founder of the current system of taxonomy, having developed a ranked system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorizing organisms. With advances in the theory, data and analytical technology of biological systematics, the Linnaean system has transfo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurokawia
''Kurokawia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. It has seven species of foliose lichens. The genus, circumscribed in 2021, has ''Kurokawia isidiata'' as the type species. Taxonomy The lichen genus ''Kurokawia'' was named in honour of Japanese lichenologist Syo Kurokawa (1926–2010), who authored a world monograph on the genus ''Anaptychia''. The genus is distinct from ''Anaptychia'', despite certain resemblances, primarily in its upper layer. The type species of ''Kurokawia'' is ''Kurokawia isidiata''. A total of six species were initially acknowledged members of the genus based on combined phylogenetic analyses. An additional species was transferred to ''Kurokawia'' from ''Anaptychia'' in 2022. Description ''Kurokawia'' is discernible by its foliose (leafy) thallus which is closely affixed to the . When dry, the upper surface has hues ranging from light to dark brown but transitions to a dull olive green when moist. In contrast, the genus ''Ana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Louis Culberson
William Louis "Bill" Culberson (April 5, 1929 in Indianapolis, Indiana – February 8, 2003 in Durham, North Carolina) was an American lichenologist. Professional history Culberson earned his bachelor's degree at the University of Cincinnati, where he was influenced by E. Lucy Braun; he subsequently attended the University of Paris and the University of Wisconsin–Madison. In 1955, Culberson joined the botany department at Duke University; he subsequently managed Duke's acquisition of the lichen-centric herbaria of Julien Harmand and Johan Havaas. He served as the Hugo L. Blomquist Professor. In 2010, the lichen collection was officially named the William Louis & Chicita F. Culberson Lichen Herbarium & Library. He served as president of the Botanical Society of America and the American Bryological and Lichenological Society and as director of the Sarah P. Duke Gardens. He was the first editor-in-chief of the journal ''Systematic Botany''. In 1992, he became one of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterodermia
''Heterodermia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains about 80 species. Description ''Heterodermia'' are subterranean or almost upright leaf lichens with a bearing diameter of up to 10 centimeters. Their top is pale greenish, whitish or pale greyish, many species are ciliolate on the edge. The underside is white, tan or orange with pale or dark rhizines. '' Lichenoverruculina'' is lichenicolous (a parasitic fungus that only lives on lichen as the host) and is found under the thallus of various ''Heterodermia'' species. Distribution The genus ''Heterodermia'' has about 80 species a large area of distribution, especially in the tropics. Species As accepted by Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josef Poelt
Josef Poelt was a botanist, bryologist and lichenologist. He held the chair in Systematic Botany and Plant Geography at the Free University of Berlin (1965 - 1972) and then was head of the Botanical Institute and Botanical Garden of Graz University, Austria (1972 - 1990). Early life and education Josef Poelt was born in 1925 in the village of Pöcking in Bavaria, Germany, where his parents ran a guest house. He began to study botany at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich but due to the start of the Second World War he joined the German army and was assigned to an intelligence unit in Russia. After illness and time as a prisoner of war of the British, he returned to university study in 1946 and graduated with a bachelor's degree in natural sciences in 1950. Poelt was influenced by a botanist, H. Paul, to study non-flowering plants. He made use of the lichen herbarium at the university's botanic garden which contained nineteenth century specimens collected by Ferdinand Arno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syo Kurokawa
Kashiwadani 2011. was a renowned Japanese lichenologist and 1994 recipient of the Acharius Medal. He studied under Mason HaleDePriest. and Yasuhiko Asahina. Education and career Kurokawa graduated in 1951 from the Tokyo University of Literature & Science, which later became the University of Tsukuba. He earned his Doctor of Science degree with a thesis titled "The species of ''Anaptychia'', with a new sub generic classification". This work was later published as "A monograph of the genus ''Anaptychia''" in 1962, which became a seminal paper in the field. Throughout his career, Kurokawa made significant contributions to lichenology. He collaborated with Mason Hale on "Studies on ''Parmelia'' subgenus ''Parmelia''" (1964), which revolutionized the understanding of rhizine characteristics in ''Parmelia'' classification. His research encompassed various lichen genera in Japan, including '' Anzia'', ''Cetraria'', '' Parmelia'', ''Peltigera'', '' Pilophorus'', and ''Xanthoparmelia'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monograph
A monograph is generally a long-form work on one (usually scholarly) subject, or one aspect of a subject, typically created by a single author or artist (or, sometimes, by two or more authors). Traditionally it is in written form and published as a book, but it may be an artwork, audiovisual work, or exhibition made up of visual artworks. In library cataloguing, the word has a specific and broader meaning, while in the United States, the Food and Drug Administration uses the term to mean a set of published standards. Written works Academic works The English term ''monograph'' is derived from modern Latin , which has its root in Greek. In the English word, ''mono-'' means and ''-graph'' means . Unlike a textbook, which surveys the state of knowledge in a field, the main purpose of a monograph is to present primary research and original scholarship. This research is presented at length, distinguishing a monograph from an article. For these reasons, publication of a monograph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustav Wilhelm Körber
Gustav Wilhelm Körber (10 January 1817, Jelenia Góra, Hirschberg – 27 January 1885, Breslau) was a Silesian-German lichenologist and a professor at the University of Wrocław, University of Breslau. He specialized in the flora of Central Europe. Biography Körber was born in Hirschberg, Jelenia Góra, Silesia where his father was a high school director. He received his early education from the local high school. From 1835 studied natural sciences in Breslau and Berlin in 1838, obtaining his Doctor of Philosophy, PhD in 1839 with the thesis ''De gonidiis lichenum''. His teachers at Breslau included Heinrich Göppert, Heinrich Robert Göppert (1800-1884) and Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (1776-1858). At Berlin his influences included Franz Meyen, Franz Julius Ferdinand Meyen (1804-1840) and the chemist Eilhard Mitscherlich (1794-1863). After graduation, he served as an instructor at the "Elisabethanum" in Breslau, and from 1862, worked as a private teacher. In 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circumscription (taxonomy)
In biological taxonomy, circumscription is the content of a taxon, that is, the delimitation of which subordinate taxa are parts of that taxon. For example, if we determine that species X, Y, and Z belong in genus A, and species T, U, V, and W belong in genus B, those are our circumscriptions of those two genera. Another systematist might determine that T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z all belong in genus A. Agreement on circumscriptions is not governed by the Codes of Zoological or Botanical Nomenclature, and must be reached by scientific consensus. A goal of biological taxonomy is to achieve a stable circumscription for every taxon. This goal conflicts, at times, with the goal of achieving a natural classification that reflects the evolutionary history of divergence of groups of organisms. Balancing these two goals is a work in progress, and the circumscriptions of many taxa that had been regarded as stable for decades are in upheaval in the light of rapid developments in molecu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Septum
In biology, a septum (Latin language, Latin for ''something that encloses''; septa) is a wall, dividing a Body cavity, cavity or structure into smaller ones. A cavity or structure divided in this way may be referred to as septate. Examples Human anatomy * Interatrial septum, the wall of tissue that is a sectional part of the left and right atria of the heart * Interventricular septum, the wall separating the left and right ventricles of the heart * Lingual septum, a vertical layer of fibrous tissue that separates the halves of the tongue *Nasal septum: the cartilage wall separating the nostrils of the nose * Alveolar septum: the thin wall which separates the Pulmonary alveolus, alveoli from each other in the lungs * Orbital septum, a palpebral ligament in the upper and lower eyelids * Septum pellucidum or septum lucidum, a thin structure separating two fluid pockets in the brain * Uterine septum, a malformation of the uterus * Septum of the penis, Penile septum, a fibrous w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
