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Alawite State
The Alawite State (, '; ), initially named the Territory of the Alawites ()—after the locally-dominant Alawites—from its inception until its integration to the Syrian Federation in 1922, was a French mandate territory on the coast of present-day Syria after World War I. The French Mandate from the League of Nations lasted from 1920 to 1946.Provence, Michael. ''The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism''. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005. The use of "Alawite", instead of "Nusayri", was advocated by the French early in the Mandate period and referred to a member of the Alawite faith with the term literally referring to a "follower of Ali". In 1920, the French-named "Alawite Territory" was home to a large population of Alawites.Khoury, Philip S. ''Syria and the French Mandate: The Politics of Arab Nationalism, 1920–1945''. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987. Geography The region is coastal and mountainous, home to a predominantly-rura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandate For Syria And Lebanon
The Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon (; , also referred to as the Levant States; 1923−1946) was a League of Nations mandate founded in the aftermath of the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, concerning the territories of Syria (region), Syria and Lebanon. The mandate system was supposed to differ from colonialism, with the governing country intended to act as a trustee until the inhabitants were considered eligible for self-government. At that point, the mandate would terminate and a sovereign state would be born. During the two years that followed the end of the war in 1918—and in accordance with the Sykes–Picot Agreement signed by the United Kingdom and France during the war—the British held control of most of Ottoman Iraq (now Iraq) and the southern part of Ottoman Syria (now Israel, Palestine (region), Palestine and Transjordan (region), Transjordan), while the French controlled the rest of Ottoman Syria (including History of Lebanon under Ott ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greater Lebanon
The State of Greater Lebanon (; ), informally known as French Lebanon, was a state declared on 1 September 1920, which became the Lebanese Republic (; ) in May 1926, and is the predecessor of modern Lebanon. The state was declared on 1 September 1920, following Decree 318 of 31 August 1920, as a League of Nations Mandate under the proposed terms of the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon which was to be ratified in 1923. When the Ottoman Empire was formally split up by the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920, it was decided that four of its territories in the Middle East should be League of Nations mandates temporarily governed by the United Kingdom and France on behalf of the League. The British were given British Mandate for Palestine (legal instrument), Palestine and British Mandate of Iraq, Iraq, while the French were given a mandate over Syria and Lebanon. Henri Gouraud (general), General Gouraud proclaimed the establishment of the state with its present boundaries after support from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
The Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (OETA) was a joint British, French and Arab military administration over the Levantine provinceswhich had been part of the Ottoman Empire for four centuriesbetween 1918 and 1920, set up on 23 October 1918 following the Sinai and Palestine Campaign and Arab Revolt of World War I. Although it was declared by the British military, who were in control of the region, it was preceded on 30 September 1918 by the 1918 Anglo-French Modus Vivendi; in which it was agreed that the British would give the French control in certain areas, and the Hashemites were given joint control of the Eastern area per T. E. Lawrence's November 1918 " Sharifian plan". Following the occupation of the Adana Vilayet (the region of Cilicia) in December 1918, a new territory, OETA North, was set up. The administration ended in OETA West and OETA South in 1920, following the assignment of the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon and British Mandate for Palestine at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armistice Of Mudros
The Armistice of Mudros () ended hostilities in the Middle Eastern theatre between Ottoman Turkey and the Allies of World War I. It was signed on 30 October 1918 by the Ottoman Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey and British Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe, on board HMS ''Agamemnon'' in Moudros harbor on the Greek island of Lemnos,Karsh, Efraim, ''Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East'', (Harvard University Press, 2001), 327. and it took effect at noon the next day. The table it was signed on is now on board HMS ''Belfast'' in London Bridge, though it is not accessible to the public. Among its conditions, the Ottomans surrendered their remaining garrisons outside Anatolia, and granted the Allies the right to occupy forts controlling the Straits of the Dardanelles and the Bosporus and any Ottoman territory "in case of disorder" threatening their security. The Ottoman Army (including the Ottoman Air Force) was demobilized; and all ports, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dissolution Of The Ottoman Empire
The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922) was a period of history of the Ottoman Empire beginning with the Young Turk Revolution and ultimately ending with the empire's dissolution and the founding of the modern state of Turkey. The Young Turk Revolution restored the constitution of 1876 and brought in multi-party politics with a two-stage electoral system for the Ottoman parliament. At the same time, a nascent movement called Ottomanism was promoted in an attempt to maintain the unity of the Empire, emphasising a collective Ottoman nationalism regardless of religion or ethnicity. Within the empire, the new constitution was initially seen positively, as an opportunity to modernize state institutions and resolve inter-communal tensions between different ethnic groups. Additionally, this period was characterised by continuing military failures by the empire. Despite military reforms, the Ottoman Army met with disastrous defeat in the Italo-Turkish War (1911–191 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jisr Ash-Shugur District
Jisr ash-Shugur District () is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. Administrative centre An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgi ... is the city of Jisr ash-Shugur. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 150,193. Sub-districts The district of Jisr ash-Shugur is divided into four sub-districts or nawāḥī (population as of 2004): * Jisr al-Shughur Subdistrict (ناحية جسر الشغور): population 89,028. * Bidama Subdistrict (ناحية بداما): population 18,501. * Darkush Subdistrict (ناحية دركوش): population 23,022. * Al-Janudiyah Subdistrict (ناحية الجانودية): population 19,642. References External links * {{IdlibSY-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masyaf District
Masyaf District ( ') is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 Census it had a population of 169,341. Its capital city, administrative centre is the city of Masyaf. Sub-districts The district of Masyaf is divided into five sub-districts or nahiyahs (population according to 2004 official census): *Masyaf Subdistrict (ناحية مصياف): population 68,184. *Jubb Ramlah Subdistrict (ناحية جب رملة): population 39,814. *Awj Subdistrict (ناحية عوج): population 33,344. *Ayn Halaqim Subdistrict (ناحية عين حلاقيم): population 16,502. *Wadi al-Uyun Subdistrict (ناحية وادي العيون): population 12,951. References Masyaf District, {{HamaSY-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Suqaylabiyah District
Al-Suqaylabiyah District ( ') is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 official census, the district had a population of 240,091. Its capital city, administrative centre is the city of al-Suqaylabiyah. The district includes most of al-Ghab plain. It is currently controlled by the Syrian caretaker government, Syrian transitional government. Sub-districts The district of Hama is divided into five sub-districts or nahiyahs (population according to 2004 official census): *Al-Suqaylabiyah Subdistrict (ناحية السقيلبية): population 49,686. *Tell Salhab Subdistrict (ناحية تلسلحب): population 38,783. *Al-Ziyarah Subdistrict (ناحية الزيارة): population 38,872. *Shathah Subdistrict (ناحية شطحة): population 25,273. *Qalaat al-Madiq Subdistrict (ناحية قلعة المضيق): population 85,597. References Al-Suqaylabiyah District, Al-Ghab Plain {{HamaSY-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tartus Governorate
Tartus Governorate, also transliterated as Tartous Governorate ( / ALA-LC: ''Muḥāfaẓat Ṭarṭūs''), is one of the 14 governorates of Syria. It is situated in western Syria, bordering Latakia Governorate to the north, Homs and Hama Governorates to the east, Lebanon to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. It is one of the few governorates in Syria that has an Alawite majority. Sources list the area as 1,890 km2 or 1,892 km2, with its capital being Tartus. History The present day Tartus Governorate was part of the Alawite State, which existed from 1920 to 1936.Longrigg, Stephen Hemsley. "Syria and Lebanon Under French Mandate." London: Oxford University Press, 1958. In 1972, the Ba'athist administration had established Tartus Governorate, effectively detaching it from Latakia Governorate. Archeological sites * Al-Kahf Castle – Isma'ili castle * Hosn Sulaiman * Aleika Castle – Isma'ili castle * Amrit – Phoenician city * Chastel Rouge (Qal� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latakia Governorate
Latakia Governorate ( / ALA-LC: ''Muḥāfaẓat al-Lādhiqīyah''), also transliterated as Ladhakia, is one of the 14 Governorates of Syria, governorates of Syria. It is situated in northwestern Syria, bordering Turkey's Hatay Province to the north, Idlib Governorate, Idlib and Hama Governorates to the east, Tartus Governorate to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Its reported area varies in different sources from to . The governorate has a population of 1,008,000 (2011 estimate). History The governorate was historically part of the Alawite State, which existed from 1920 to 1936.Longrigg, Stephen Hemsley. "Syria and Lebanon Under French Mandate." London: Oxford University Press, 1958. Tartus Governorate was formerly included as part of Latakia, before being split off circa 1972. The region has been relatively peaceful during the Syrian civil war, being a generally pro-Bashar al-Assad, Assad region that had largely remained under government control. The Free S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orontes River
The Orontes (; from Ancient Greek , ) or Nahr al-ʿĀṣī, or simply Asi (, ; ) is a long river in Western Asia that begins in Lebanon, flowing northwards through Syria before entering the Mediterranean Sea near Samandağ in Hatay Province, Turkey. As the chief river of the northern Levant, the Orontes has been the site of many major battles including the Battle of Kadesh (13th century BCE), and water distribution remains a controversial issue between the countries in the region. Among the most important cities on the river are Homs, Hama, Jisr al-Shughur, and Antakya (the ancient Antioch, which was also known as "Antioch on the Orontes"). Names In the 9th century BCE, the ancient Assyrian people, Assyrians referred to the river as Arantu, and the nearby Egyptians called it Araunti. The etymology of the name is unknown, yet some sources indicate that it might be derived from ''Arnt'' which means "lioness" in Syriac languages; others called it ''Alimas'', a "water goddess" in Ara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
