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Acetylated Wood
Acetylated wood is a type of modified wood that is produced through a chemical modification process and does not contain any toxic substances. It produced from a chemical reaction (named as acetylation), involving acetic anhydride and a modification process to make wood highly resistant to biological attacks by fungi and wood-boring insects and durable to environmental conditions. It is a new wood product in the field of wood science, following decades of research and experimentation. The chemical modification occurs through the reaction of wood polymers especially the free hydroxyl groups present in lignin and hemicelluloses, without the need of a catalyst, forming bonds between them. The substances used, such as anhydrides, modify the structural components of wood without leaving toxic residues. This process prevents approximately 80-90% of hydroxyl (-OH) groups from forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules, effectively "locking" the cellular walls with the material. The chem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wood
Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic materiala natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs. In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or woodchips or fiber. Wood has been used for thousands of years for fuel, as a construction material, for making tools and weapons, furniture and paper. More recently it emerged as a feedstock for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acetic Acid
Acetic acid , systematically named ethanoic acid , is an acidic, colourless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula (also written as , , or ). Vinegar is at least 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from water and other trace elements. Acetic acid is the second simplest carboxylic acid (after formic acid). It is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical, used primarily in the production of cellulose acetate for photographic film, polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, and synthetic fibres and fabrics. In households, diluted acetic acid is often used in descaling agents. In the food industry, acetic acid is controlled by the food additive code E260 as an acidity regulator and as a condiment. In biochemistry, the acetyl group, derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. The global demand for aceti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holger Militz
Holger Militz (born in 1960) is a German wood scientist and professor at the University of Goettingen, who is an elected fellow (''FIAWS'') of the International Academy of Wood Science. Biography Militz was born in 1960 in Waldbröl, a small town in the countryside, in Germany. He pursued his studies in wood science at the University of Hamburg. He then completed his PhD work in 1990 at the University of Wageningen in the Netherlands, focusing on enhancing the impregnation of wood through anatomical cell wall changes. Between 1987 and 2000, he held positions in the Netherlands, initially serving as the head of wood technology at TNO Timber Research and later becoming the director of SHR Timber Research in Wageningen. Militz along with his research corkers started up during the 90's at SHR the first feasible pilot plant, leading thus to the scaling-up of the today-commercial wood acetylation process, that had been initiated by American chemist, Alfred J. Stamm during the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roger M
Roger is a given name, usually masculine, and a surname. The given name is derived from the Old French personal names ' and '. These names are of Germanic origin, derived from the elements ', ''χrōþi'' ("fame", "renown", "honour") and ', ' ("spear", "lance") (Hrōþigēraz). The name was introduced into England by the Normans. In Normandy, the Frankish name had been reinforced by the Old Norse cognate '. The name introduced into England replaced the Old English cognate '. ''Roger'' became a very common given name during the Middle Ages. A variant form of the given name ''Roger'' that is closer to the name's origin is '' Rodger''. Slang and other uses Roger is also a short version of the term " Jolly Roger", which refers to a black flag with a white skull and crossbones, formerly used by sea pirates since as early as 1723. From up to , Roger was slang for the word "penis". In ''Under Milk Wood'', Dylan Thomas writes "jolly, rodgered" suggesting both the sexual double ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Furfurylated Wood
Furfurylated wood is the end product of treating wood with furfuryl alcohol. This chemical process is also called ''furfurylation''. Furfurylation is a commercially used wood modification process to enhance the physical, mechanical and biological properties of wood. In this process -which is based on principles of wood science- the cell walls of the wood swell with furfuryl alcohol, which polymerizes within the cell walls. This treatment reduces the water absorption capacity of the wood, thus minimizing its tendency to deform with changes in moisture. The hardness and rot resistance of the modified wood are also improved compared to natural, untreated wood. The furfuryl alcohol used is obtained through the hydrogenation of furfural from biological agriwaste residues, such as husks and bagasse. Process In the furfurylation process, the walls of woody cells are initially swollen with the furfuryl-alcohol-based solution. Due to its polarity and size, furfuryl alcohol penetrates the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bridge Made From Acetylated Wood
A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually something that is otherwise difficult or impossible to cross. There are many different designs of bridges, each serving a particular purpose and applicable to different situations. Designs of bridges vary depending on factors such as the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, and the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it. The earliest bridges were likely made with fallen trees and stepping stones. The Neolithic people built boardwalk bridges across marshland. The Arkadiko Bridge (dating from the 13th century BC, in the Peloponnese) is one of the oldest arch bridges still in existence and use. Etymology The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' traces the origin of the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric pressure, also known as barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth. The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as , which is equivalent to 1013.25 millibars, 760 mm Hg, 29.9212 inchesHg, or 14.696 psi.International Civil Aviation Organization. ''Manual of the ICAO Standard Atmosphere'', Doc 7488-CD, Third Edition, 1993. . The atm unit is roughly equivalent to the mean sea-level atmospheric pressure on Earth; that is, the Earth's atmospheric pressure at sea level is approximately 1 atm. In most circumstances, atmospheric pressure is closely approximated by the hydrostatic pressure caused by the weight of air above the measurement point. As elevation increases, there is less overlying atmospheric mass, so atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing elevation. Because the atmosphere is thin relative to the Earth's radius—especially the dense atmospheric layer at low altitudes—the E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Formation Of Cellulose Acetate V1
Formation may refer to: Linguistics * Back-formation, the process of creating a new lexeme by removing or affixes * Word formation, the creation of a new word by adding affixes Mathematics and science * Cave formation or speleothem, a secondary mineral deposit formed in a cave * Class formation, a topological group acting on a module satisfying certain conditions * Formation (group theory), a class of groups that is closed under some operations * Formation constant, an equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex in solution * Formation enthalpy, standard heat of formation of a compound * Formation (group theory), a class of groups * Formation (geology), a formally named rock stratum or geological unit * Formation of rocks, how rocks are formed * Formation and evolution of the Solar System, history of the Solar System * Rock formation, an isolated, scenic, or spectacular surface rock outcrop * Vegetation formation, a concept used to classify vegetation communities Milit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred J
Alfred may refer to: Arts and entertainment *'' Alfred J. Kwak'', Dutch-German-Japanese anime television series * ''Alfred'' (Arne opera), a 1740 masque by Thomas Arne * ''Alfred'' (Dvořák), an 1870 opera by Antonín Dvořák *"Alfred (Interlude)" and "Alfred (Outro)", songs by Eminem from the 2020 album '' Music to Be Murdered By'' Business and organisations * Alfred, a radio station in Shaftesbury, England * Alfred Music, an American music publisher * Alfred University, New York, U.S. * The Alfred Hospital, a hospital in Melbourne, Australia People * Alfred (name) includes a list of people and fictional characters called Alfred * Alfred the Great (848/49 – 899), or Alfred I, a king of the West Saxons and of the Anglo-Saxons Places Antarctica * Mount Alfred (Antarctica) Australia * Alfredtown, New South Wales * County of Alfred, South Australia Canada * Alfred and Plantagenet, Ontario * Alfred Island, Nunavut * Mount Alfred, British Columbia United States * A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Mantanis
George Mantanis ('; born September 18, 1966) is a Greek wood scientist and professor at the University of Thessaly in Greece, who is an elected fellow (''FIAWS'') of the International Academy of Wood Science. Early life and education Mantanis was born in Mytilene, Lesvos, Greece in 1966, and grew up in the village Stipsi. He is the eldest son of Eleni Sevastou and her husband, Ignatios Mantanis. He completed his secondary education with honors at the High School of Kalloni at Lesbos island, in 1984. Subsequently, from 1984 to 1989, he pursued undergraduate studies in forestry specializing in wood technology, earning a university diploma from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Forestry and Natural Environment. After receiving a McIntire–Stennis scholarship, he pursued doctoral studies in the United States of America under the supervision of Raymond A. Young at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Madison. He got his PhD degree in 1994, after conductin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forest Products Laboratory
The Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) is the national research laboratory of the United States Forest Service, which is part of USDA. Since its opening in 1910, the FPL has provided scientific research on wood, wood products and their commercial uses in partnership with academia, industry, tribal, state, local and other government agencies. The laboratory is headquartered in Madison, Wisconsin. The focus of the Forest Products Laboratory is to promote healthy forests and forest-based economies through the efficient, sustainable use of the Nation's wood resources. History By the late 1800s, awareness was growing that timber resources were finite and careful use could extend them. In 1887 B.E. Fernow, chief of the Division of Forestry in the Department of Agriculture reported: The properties upon which the use of wood, its technology, are based, should be well known to the forest manager if he wishes to produce a crop of given quality useful for definite purposes. Our ignorance o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
