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3Sat
3sat (, ''Dreisat'') is a free-to-air German-language public service television channel. It is a generalist channel with a cultural focus and is jointly operated by public broadcasters from Germany ( ZDF, ARD), Austria ( ORF) and Switzerland ( SRG SSR). The coordinating broadcaster is ZDF, at whose Mainz facility the broadcasting centre with studios for in-house productions is located. History 3sat was established to broadcast cultural programmes, originally by satellite. The network was founded as a cooperative network by Germany's ZDF, Austria's ORF, and Switzerland's SRG SSR (formerly SRG SSR idée suisse). 3sat began broadcasting on 1 December 1984, with its first programme being simulcasted on FS2, TV DRS and ZDF. ZDF leads the cooperative, though decisions are reached through consensus of the cooperative's partners. In 1990, DFF, television broadcaster of the German Democratic Republic became a cooperative member of 3sat, and a name change to 4sat was considere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZDFkultur
ZDFkultur (stylized as zdf.kultur) was a German free-to-air television channel owned by ZDF. It was launched on 7 May 2011, replacing ZDF theaterkanal. It mainly broadcast music shows, such as ''Later... with Jools Holland'', pop concerts and series from the ZDF archive, but also movies and theatre plays. On 1 May 2012, a HDTV, high-definition simulcast was launched on satellite. On 22 February 2013, ZDF director Thomas Bellut announced that ZDFkultur would close in the near future, due to cost-saving measures at ZDF. The channel council agreed Bellut's proposal on 8 March 2013. The programming after the closure announcement consisting mostly of old ZDF archive content from the 1970s and 80s, with an annual budget of around €2 million. The channel was finally closed down on 30 September 2016. Audience share References External links * Publicly funded broadcasters Defunct television channels in Germany Television channels and stations established in 2011 Televisio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ARD (broadcaster)
ARD is a joint organisation of Germany's regional Public broadcasting, public-service broadcasters. It was founded in 1950 in West Germany to represent the common interests of the new, decentralised, post-war broadcasting services—in particular the introduction of a joint television network. ARD has a budget of €6.9 billion, 22,612 employees and is the largest public broadcaster network in the world. The budget comes primarily from a mandatory licence fee which every household, company and public institution, regardless of television ownership, is required by law to pay. For an ordinary household the fee is €18.36 per month, as of 2023. Households living on Welfare in Germany, welfare are exempt from the fee. The fees are not collected directly by ARD, but by the Beitragsservice von ARD, ZDF und Deutschlandradio, Beitragsservice (formerly known as Gebühreneinzugszentrale GEZ), a common organisation by the ARD member broadcasters, the second public TV broadcaster ZDF, and De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZDF 2
ZDF 2 was the name of a TV channel operated by the ZDF, which was broadcast from 1 January 1984 to 30 November 1984 within the framework of a cable pilot project ''(Kabelpilotprojekt)''. The station broadcast parts of the ZDF main program time-delayed under the motto ''Zeitalternatives Fernsehen'', partly also broadcast from the same day before the broadcast in the regular ZDF program. In addition, broadcasts of the ''First Private Television Company'' (Erste Private Fernsehgesellschaft/EPF), a subsidiary of the regional newspaper Die Rheinpfalz and German newspaper publishers, were broadcast on the channel. In this context, EPF offered broadcasts with informative, regional, popular and entertaining content. The channel was distributed at the cable pilot project ''(Kabelpilotprojekt)'' in Ludwigshafen am Rhein on channel 13 as of January 1, 1984 and in the cable network of Munich from April 1984. ZDF 2 stopped its broadcasting service already 11 months after the start in favor of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deutscher Fernsehfunk
Deutscher Fernsehfunk (DFF; German for "German Television Broadcasting") was the state television broadcaster in the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) from 1952 to 1991. DFF produced free-to-air terrestrial television programming approved by the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) and broadcast to audiences in East Germany and parts of West Germany. DFF served as the main televised propaganda outlet of the SED with censored political and non-political programmes featuring bias towards the Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist ideology of the Eastern Bloc. DFF was known as Fernsehen der DDR (DDR-FS; "GDR Television" or "Television of [the] GDR") from 1972 until German reunification in 1990, and DFF assets were replaced by the West German network before it was dissolved on 31 December 1991. History Foundation Radio was the dominant medium in the former Eastern bloc, with television being considered low on the priority list when compiling Five-year plans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ORF 2
ORF 2 (''ORF zwei'', ''Österreichischer Rundfunk 2'') is an Austrian public television channel owned by ORF. It was launched on 11 September 1961 as a technical test programme. Today it is one of the four public TV channels in Austria. ORF 2 is available via DVB-T in Germany near the Austrian border and in parts of Munich. It is funded by a mixture of advertising breaks and a television licence fee; as such, unlike its German equivalents (which are generally available free-to-air), ORF 2 and its sister stations are encrypted over satellite. History ORF 2 began broadcasting three days a week as a "Technical Test Program" (''Technisches Versuchsprogramm'') on UHF frequencies on 11 September 1961. In 1967, the ''Versuchsprogramm'' was renamed as FS 2 (''Fernsehprogramm 2''; 'Television programme 2'), and its broadcasting days were increased to five days a week, which remained the case until 1 September 1970 when it began broadcasting daily. On 2 May 1988, regio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Broadcasting
Public broadcasting (or public service broadcasting) is radio, television, and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service with a commitment to avoiding political and commercial influence. Public broadcasters receive funding from diverse sources including broadcast receiving licence, license fees, individual contributions and donations, public financing, and corporate underwriting. A public service broadcaster should operate as a Nonpartisanship, non-partisan, Nonprofit organization, non-profit entity, guided by a clear public interest mandate. PSBs must be safeguarded from external interference—especially of a political or commercial nature—in matters related to governance, budgeting, and editorial decision-making. The PSB model relies on an independent and transparent system of governance, encompassing key areas such as editorial policy, managerial appointments, and financial oversight. Common media include AM broadcasting, AM, FM broadcasting, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ARD 1 Plus
ARD 1 Plus was a German cultural television channel, which was broadcast as an offshoot of Das Erste from 29 March 1986 to 30 November 1993. The program scheme was similar to Arte, except for bilingualism. 1 Plus also served as the test channel for European HDTV development HD-MAC, which made good progress until the live broadcast of the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, but was then unable to receive European funding under pressure from the United Kingdom government. For cost reasons and the broadcaster's impending inclusion as a cooperative member for the existing cultural channel 3sat at that time, ARD decided to close 1 Plus on November 30, 1993. The responsibility for the management of 1 Plus was ARD-internally at the then Südwestfunk in Baden-Baden. 1 Plus was broadcast terrestrially via cable and satellite, as well in Saarland (Saarbrücken) and in Bremen via antenna. 1 Plus was received via satellite via Astra 1B, DFS Kopernikus and in D2-MAC via TV-SAT 2 until ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ORF (broadcaster)
(ORF ; , ) is the national public broadcaster of Austria. Funded from a combination of television licence fee revenue and limited on-air advertising, ORF is the dominant player in the Austrian broadcast media. Austria was the last country in continental Europe after Albania to allow nationwide private television broadcasting, although commercial TV channels from neighbouring Germany have been present in Austria on Pay television, pay-TV and via Signal overspill, terrestrial overspill since the 1980s. History of broadcasting in Austria The first unregulated test transmissions in Austria began on 1 April 1923 by Radio Hekaphon, run by the radio pioneer and enthusiast (1887–1958), who applied for a radio licence in 1921; first in his telephone factory in the Brigittenau district of Vienna, later in the nearby TGM technical college. On 2 September, it aired a first broadcast address by Austrian President Michael Hainisch (1858–1940). One year later, a powerful transmitte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SRG SSR
The Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (; ; ; ; SRG SSR) is the Swiss public broadcasting association, founded in 1931, the holding company of 24 radio and television channels. Headquartered in Bern, the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation is a non-profit organisation, funded mainly through radio and television licence fees (79%) and making the remaining income from advertising and sponsorship. Switzerland's system of direct democracy and the fact that the country has four official languages (German, French, Italian and Romansh) mean that the structure of Swiss public service broadcasting is rather complicated. The actual holders of the broadcasting licences that enable SRG SSR to operate are four regional corporations: * German Switzerland: (SRF) * French Switzerland: (RTS) * Italian Switzerland: (RSI) * Romansh: (RTR) These four corporations maintain SRG SSR as a joint central production and broadcasting association. The fifth business unit of the SRG SSR is the ten-langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mainz
Mainz (; #Names and etymology, see below) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, and with around 223,000 inhabitants, it is List of cities in Germany by population, Germany's 35th-largest city. It lies in the Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region—Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr—which also encompasses the cities of Frankfurt am Main, Wiesbaden, Darmstadt, Offenbach am Main, and Hanau. Mainz is located at the northern end of the Upper Rhine Plain, on the left bank of the Rhine. It is the largest city of Rhenish Hesse, a region of Rhineland-Palatinate that was historically part of Grand Duchy of Hesse, Hesse, and is Rheinhessen (wine region), one of Germany's most important wine regions because of its mild climate. Mainz is connected to Frankfurt am Main by the Rhine-Main S-Bahn rapid transit system. Before 1945, Mainz had six boroughs on the other side of the Rhine (see: :de:Rechtsrheinische St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free-to-air
Free-to-air (FTA) services are television (TV) and radio services broadcast in unencrypted form, allowing any person with the appropriate receiving equipment to receive the signal and view or listen to the content without requiring a subscription, other ongoing cost, or one-off fee (e.g., pay-per-view). In the traditional sense, this is carried on terrestrial radio signals and received with an antenna. FTA also refers to channels and broadcasters providing content for which no subscription is expected, even though they may be delivered to the viewer/listener by another carrier for which a subscription is required, e.g., cable television, the Internet, or satellite. These carriers may be mandated (or OPT) in some geographies to deliver FTA channels even if a premium subscription is not present (providing the necessary equipment is still available), especially where FTA channels are expected to be used for emergency broadcasts, similar to the mandatory emergency phone num ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SES Astra
SES Astra SA was a corporate subsidiary of SES, based in Betzdorf, in eastern Luxembourg, that maintained and operated the Astra series of geostationary communication satellites between 2001 and 2011. Formed in 1985 as Société Européenne des Satellites ( SES), it was Europe's first private satellite operator. In November 2001, upon the purchase of GE Americom from General Electric (renamed to SES Americom), SES Global was formed as the parent company to SES Americom and SES Astra. SES Astra was formed at that time as a subsidiary company to contain all of SES's existing European based satellite operations. In September 2011, SES Astra and sister subsidiary SES World Skies (formed from SES Americom and SES New Skies) were merged back into SES to streamline operations under a single management system. Subsidiaries of SES Astra, such as HD Plus and ASTRA Broadband Services became direct subsidiaries of SES. The brand name, ''Astra'', representing the satellite family and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
