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2021 Kazakh Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Kazakhstan on 10 January 2021 to elect the members of the Mazhilis. This was the 8th legislative election in Kazakhstan's history since its independence. It coincided with the 2021 local elections. This election marks the first to be held under Kassym-Jomart Tokayev's presidency and the first since 2004 to be held at the normally scheduled date, rather than due to an early dissolution of the Mazhilis. The ruling Nur Otan (NO) party maintained its dominant party status in the Mazhilis by winning 71.1% of the vote and sweeping 76 seats; however, it fared worse than the prior election in 2016, losing 8 seats and 11.1% of votes, while two parties nominally in the opposition (Ak Zhol Democratic Party and People's Party of Kazakhstan HP, present in the Mazhilis since 2012, performed better, each seeing a small gain in votes and seats. Despite some expectations, the other contesting parties failed to reach the 7% electoral threshold, and thus were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2016 Kazakh Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Kazakhstan on 20 March 2016. The date was set by president Nursultan Nazarbayev on 20 January 2016, when he dissolved the Mazhilis after it had requested dissolution on 13 January, with the reason cited being the economic crisis caused by low oil prices. Normally, the term of the Mazhilis would have expired in fall of 2016. The result was an expected victory for Nur Otan from the exit polls which won an extra seat while the Ak Zhol Democratic Party and Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan maintained their presence in the Mazhilis. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) complained about lack of "genuine political choice” and "pluralism of opinion in the media.” Background From 2014, Kazakhstan had experienced economic crisis as a result of oil price crash in which it is heavily reliant on for revenue and the devaluation of the Kazakhstani tenge that was caused by the country's neighboring and main trading par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Internal Affairs (Kazakhstan)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs ( kk, Ішкі істер министрлігі, ''Ishki ister mınıstrligi''; russian: Министерство внутренних дел) is the Kazakh government ministry which oversees the police and the National Guard (formerly the Internal Troops) of Kazakhstan. The Ministry is headed by the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, appointed by the decree of the President of Kazakhstan. The Minister of Internal Affairs has 5 deputies, including the First Deputy Minister. The residence of the minister and all senior leadership of the ministry, as well as all committees and departments are located in Astana. History After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, there was a rapid increase in crime. Regional centers and large industrial cities with the most complex operational environment were under the special control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. On 23 June 1992, the Law "On the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organization For Security And Co-operation In Europe
The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest regional security-oriented intergovernmental organization with observer status at the United Nations. Its mandate includes issues such as arms control, promotion of human rights, freedom of the press, and free and fair elections. It employs around 3,460 people, mostly in its field operations but also in its secretariat in Vienna, Austria, and its institutions. It has its origins in the mid-1975 Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) held in Helsinki, Finland. The OSCE is concerned with early warning, conflict prevention, crisis management, and post-conflict rehabilitation. Most of its 57 participating countries are in Europe, but there are a few members present in Asia and North America. The participating states cover much of the land area of the Northern Hemisphere. It was created during the Cold War era as a forum for discussion between the Western Bloc and Easte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliamentary Assembly Of The Organization For Security And Co-operation In Europe
The Parliamentary Assembly of the OSCE (OSCE PA) is an institution of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. The primary task of the 323-member Assembly is to facilitate inter-parliamentary dialogue, an important aspect of the overall effort to meet the challenges of democracy throughout the OSCE area. The Parliamentary Assembly pursues objectives which are stated in the preamble of the Assembly's Rules of Procedure: assess the implementation of OSCE objectives by participating States; discuss subjects addressed during meetings of the Ministerial Council and summit meetings of OSCE Heads of State or Government; develop and promote mechanisms for the prevention and resolution of conflicts; support the strengthening and consolidation of democratic institutions in OSCE participating States; contribute to the development of OSCE institutional structures and of relations and co-operation between existing OSCE institutions. To pursue these objectives, the OSCE Parliame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identified in an outbreak in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019. Attempts to contain it there failed, allowing the virus to spread to other areas of Asia and later worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020, and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. As of , the pandemic had caused more than cases and confirmed deaths, making it one of the deadliest in history. COVID-19 symptoms range from undetectable to deadly, but most commonly include fever, dry cough, and fatigue. Severe illness is more likely in elderly patients and those with certain underlying medical conditions. COVID-19 transmits when people breathe in air contaminated by droplets ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
28th Assembly Of People Of Kazakhstan Session
The 28th Assembly of People of Kazakhstan Session was held on 11 January 2021 following the 2021 legislative elections in Nur-Sultan by the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan to elect nine members whose seats were reserved to the Mazhilis. 351 of 504 Assembly of People of Kazakhstan (QHA) members took part in voting to elect new Mazhilis members from the QHA of whom were: Sauytbek Abdrahmanov, Avetik Amirkhanyan, Ilyas Bularov, Natalya Dementyeva, Yuri Li, Vakil Nabiev, Shamil Osin, Vladimir Tokhtasunov, and Abilfas Khamedov. The newly elected QHA members took office at the opening session of the 7th Parliament of Kazakhstan on 15 January 2021. Background Assembly of People of Kazakhstan The Assembly of People of Kazakhstan (QHA) is consultative and advisory body under the President of Kazakhstan, the task of the body is to promote the development and implementation of state national policy. Formed in 1995, it was originally made to consolidate the interests of all e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assembly Of People Of Kazakhstan
The Assembly of People of Kazakhstan (; ) is a national political body in Kazakhstan consisting of delegates of the Regional Assemblies of the People. Its task is to represent the various ethnic groups that make up the Central Asian state at national level and to strengthen ethnic/religious coexistence in Kazakh society. It was established in 1995 by President Nursultan Nazarbayev, who served as assembly chairman until April 2021. The assembly is presently chaired by Kazakhstan's president Kassym-Jomart Tokayev. Organization The APK consists of 384 representatives of all ethnic groups living in Kazakhstan drawn from the Regional Assemblies of the People. The law provides that all APK decisions be considered by public authorities and civil society institutions; APK Deputies participate in the legislative process and can propose legislation. APK Deputies elect 9 members to the Mazhilis and the APK review all parliamentary laws to ensure that they are in conformity with the Const ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1999 Kazakh Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Kazakhstan on 10 January 1999. Incumbent president Nursultan Nazarbayev won the election with over 80% of the vote, and was sworn into office on 20 January 1999. Most observers viewed the election as blatantly unfair, further confirming that Nazarbayev was not interested in promoting a democratic system of government.Olcott, p119 Voter turnout was reported to be 87.0%. Background Kazakhstan's second presidential election was originally scheduled to occur in 1996. However, after a 1995 referendum the date was then set to be in December 2000. Parliamentary action in the fall of 1998, however, ultimately resulted in the election occurring in early 1999. On 7 October 1998, nineteen amendments to the constitution were passed by Parliament and signed into law by President Nazarbayev. One amendment to article 94 read: "''By consent of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan the present term of the powers of the President of the Republic may be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tactical Voting
Strategic voting, also called tactical voting, sophisticated voting or insincere voting, occurs in voting systems when a voter votes for another candidate or party than their ''sincere preference'' to prevent an undesirable outcome. For example, in a simple plurality election, a voter might gain a better outcome by voting for a less preferred but more generally popular candidate. Gibbard's theorem shows that ''all'' single-winner voting methods are susceptible to strategic voting, unless there are only two options or ''dictatorial'' (i.e., a distinguished agent exists who can impose the outcome). For multi-winner elections no general theorem for strategic voting exists. Strategic voting is observed due to non-proportionality, electoral thresholds and quotas. Types of strategic voting ; (sometimes "useful vote"): A voter insincerely ranks an alternative higher in the hope of getting that candidate elected. For example, in the first-past-the-post election, voters may vote fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nationwide Social Democratic Party
The Nationwide Social Democratic Party ( kk, Жалпы ұлттық социал-демократиялық партия, Jalpyūlttyq Sotsial-Demokratialyq Partia, JSDP), sometimes translated as the All-National Social Democratic Party, is a political party in Kazakhstan led by Ashat Raqymjanov. It was founded by a former presidential candidate and the Mazhilis Chairman, Zharmakhan Tuyakbay. The party was registered by the authorities on 25 January 2007, aiming to become a member of the Socialist International (SI) which happened in 2012 as the JSDP became consultative member, and then a full member in 2016. History On 7 August 2006, on the basis of the For a Just Kazakhstan (EQU) alliance, a meeting of the Initiative Group of Citizens on the creation of the Nationwide Social Democratic Party (JSDP) was held, which made a decision on the formation of the Republican Organizing Committee. From there, main program goals and objectives of the newly created party were discussed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of Kazakhstan
The Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan ( kk, Қазақстан Республикасының Парламенті, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Parlamentı; rus, Парламент Республики Казахстан, r=Parliament Respubliki Kazakhstan) is the bicameral legislature of Kazakhstan. The lower house is the Mazhilis, with 107 seats, (98 seats are from party lists, 9 – from Assembly of People) which are elected to five-year terms. The upper house is the Senate, which has 47 members. History In early autumn 1994, journalist and ex-candidate for the Supreme Council of Kazakhstan Tatyana Kvyatkovskaya filed a lawsuit demanding to nullify the results of the 1994 Kazakh legislative election. After lengthy trials in March 1995, the then-existing Constitutional Court of Kazakhstan, despite the objections by President Nursultan Nazarbayev and Supreme Council Chairman Abish Kekilbayev, recognized Kvyatkovskaya's claims as justified on 6 March 1995. As a resul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
