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2013 Armenian Protests
Various political and civil groups staged anti-government protests in Armenia in 2013. The first series of protests were held following the 2013 presidential election and were led by the former presidential candidate Raffi Hovannisian. Hovannisian, who, according to official results, lost to incumbent Serzh Sargsyan, denounced the results claiming they were rigged. Starting on 19 February, Hovannisian and his supporters held mass rallies in Yerevan's Freedom Square and other cities. On 10 March, Hovannisian started a hunger strike, calling elected President Sargsyan to resign before 9 April, the inauguration day. Hovannisian called "for the solution of this unprecedented pan-national fundamental issue before April 9." During an interview on 18 March 2013, Sargsyan said he would not visit Hovannisian and described his claims as "arrogant phrases seasoned with obscenities". Sargsyan was inaugurated on 9 April 2013, while Hovannisian and thousands of people gathered in the streets ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raffi Hovannisian
Raffi K. Richardi Hovannisian ( hy, Րաֆֆի Կ. Ռիչարդի Հովհաննիսյան; hyw, Րաֆֆի Կ. Ռիչարդի Յովհաննէսեան; born 20 November 1959) is an Armenian politician, the first Foreign Minister of Armenia and the founding leader of the national liberal Heritage (Armenia), Heritage party. He is the founder of the Armenian Center for National and International Studies, the country's first independent research center. Hovannisian, a descendant of Armenian genocide survivors, was born in Fresno, California to a family of professors. He moved to Armenia with his family in 1990 and was appointed as the first Minister of Foreign Affairs of the newly independent Armenia by then-President Levon Ter-Petrosyan. In 2002, Hovannisian founded the Heritage party, which won 6% of the popular vote in the 2007 Armenian parliamentary election, 2007 parliamentary election. In 2013, Hovannisian was one of the seven candidates at the 2013 Armenian presidential elect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sit-in
A sit-in or sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change. The protestors gather conspicuously in a space or building, refusing to move unless their demands are met. The often clearly visible demonstrations are intended to spread awareness among the public, or disrupt the goings-on of the protested organisation. Lunch counter sit-ins were a nonviolent form of protest used to oppose segregation during the civil rights movement, and often provoked heckling and violence from those opposed to their message. United States Civil rights movement The Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) conducted sit-ins as early as the 1940s. Ernest Calloway refers to Bernice Fisher as "Godmother of the restaurant 'sit-in' technique." In August 1939, African-American attorney Samuel Wilbert Tucker organized the Alexandria Library sit-in at the th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rule Of Law (Armenia)
Orinats Yerkir ( hy, Օրինաց երկիր, lit=Rule of Law, ՕԵԿ/OEK) is a political party operating in Armenia. Its foundation was in 1998, and founder Artur Baghdasaryan continues to lead the party. The party was formerly known as Armenian Renaissance ( hy, Հայկական վերածնունդ, translit=Haykakan veratsnund), during the run-up to the 2017 parliamentary elections. The party's name is translated into English in a number of ways, including Country of Law and Rule of Law. Party history The party participated in elections for the first time during the 1999 Armenian parliamentary election, winning a total of 6 seats in the National Assembly. Following the 2003 elections, the party won 19 seats. Also in 2003, Gagik Aslanyan, the Chairman of the People's Democratic Party, opted to merge his party with Orinats Yerkir. Following the 2007 Armenian parliamentary elections, the party obtained 9 seats in the National Assembly. In the February 2008 presidential elec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republican Party Of Armenia
The Republican Party of Armenia (RPA, hy, Հայաստանի Հանրապետական Կուսակցություն, ՀՀԿ; ''Hayastani Hanrapetakan Kusaktsutyun'', ''HHK'') is a national-conservative political party in Armenia led by the third president of Armenia, Serzh Sargsyan. It was the first political party in independent Armenia to be founded (April 2, 1990) and registered (May 14, 1991). It is the largest party of the right-wing in Armenia, and claims to have had 140,000 members at its heyday. It was the ruling party of Armenia from 1999 to 2018. After the latest parliamentary elections in June 2021, the party entered parliament as a part of the opposition I Have Honor Alliance. ''The Economist'' magazine has described the RPA as a "typical post-Soviet 'party of power' mainly comprising senior government officials, civil servants, and wealthy business people dependent on government connections." [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Police Of The Republic Of Armenia
The Police of the Republic of Armenia () is the national police of Armenia. The acting head is Vahe Ghazaryan, in office since 8 June 2020. History Soviet era The first police service of Armenia was formed in 1918, under the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the First Republic of Armenia. On April 21, 1920, a ''Militia'' was formed in Yerevan based on the Soviet model. It was later renamed to the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Armenian SSR or the NKVD of the Armenian SSR, which was the Armenian subordinate to the NKVD headquarters in Moscow. In 1929, the NKVD of the Armenian SSR was dissolved and was reestablished in July 1934 as a reorganized political department. During World War II, the present-day building of the Armenian Police was built. The Armenian Regiment of Interior Forces of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs was established in 1963, and the Headquarters of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Armenian SSR was founded in 1965. Modern Armenia On ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Armenia
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a means by which organizational policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining policy. In many countries, the government has a kind of constitution, a statement of its governing principles and philosophy. While all types of organizations have governance, the term ''government'' is often used more specifically to refer to the approximately 200 independent national governments and subsidiary organizations. The major types of political systems in the modern era are democracies, monarchies, and authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. Historically prevalent forms of government include monarchy, aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, theocracy, and tyranny. These forms are not always mutually exclusive, and mixed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hayazn
Hayazn ( hy, Հայազն) is an Armenian nationalist political party, that was founded as a civil organization in 2009. It declared itself a political party in 2013 and was registered as such in 2014. Ideology Hayazn has stated its opposition to Armenia's possible integration into the European Union or to the Eurasian Customs Union (which included at the time a customs union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia). Hayazn has also called on the Government of Armenia to opt out of the European Neighbourhood Policy in the past. Hayazn also opposes any official recognition by Armenia of the Artsakh Republic. Instead, Hayazn supports the unification of the Artsakh Republic as an integral part of Armenia, turning Artsakh into an additional Armenian province within the borders of an expanded Armenian Republic. Hayazn also advocates in case of a war between Armenia and Azerbaijan, to "liberate" historical Armenian provinces of Gandzak and Nakhitchevan, presently within the territorial ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pre-Parliament (Armenia)
Pre-Parliament ( hy, Նախախորհրդարան, ''Nakhakhorhrdaran'') is an Armenian civil initiative, formed partly by the Sardarapat Movement on 15 November 2012. Membership Its notable members include: *Jirair Sefilian, Lebanese-born Armenian military commander of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, known for his role during the Capture of Shusha * Tigran Khzmalyan, filmmaker *Larisa Alaverdyan, Armenia's former Ombudsman *Alexander Yenikomshian, convicted terrorist, former member of the terrorist Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia * Hranush Kharatyan, ethnographer Arrests On April 7, police in Yerevan arrested five members of Pre-Parliament: its chairman, Garegin Chugaszyan, founding member Jirair Sefilyan, as well as Varuzhan Avetisyan, Pavel Manukyan, and Gevorg Safaryan. Police searched the men's homes and Pre-Parliament's office, and seized wooden bats, kitchen knives, a stun gun, and a publicly available Pre-Parliament pamphlet published last year. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heritage (Armenia)
Heritage ( hy, Ժառանգություն, translit=Zhaṙangut’yun) is an Armenian national liberal political party. It was founded in 2002 by Raffi Hovannisian, independent Armenia's first Foreign Minister. Ideology *Liberal democracy is the party's principle ideology. ;Economy *The party has stated its support for Economic liberalism. *Other domestic policy goals include legal reforms, the development of civil society and the economic development of Armenia. Heritage has stated that sustaining the competitiveness of the market will help strengthen the Armenian economy. *The party also believes that reducing poverty and building good social services should be prioritized. By taking these measures, Heritage has the objective to reduce emigration from Armenia and stop the “brain drain” from the country. *The party supports the establishment of a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area between Armenia and the EU. ;Foreign Affairs *The party's foreign policy can be characteri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tert
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (abbreviated to TERT, or hTERT in humans) is a catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase, which, together with the telomerase RNA component (TERC), comprises the most important unit of the telomerase complex. Telomerases are part of a distinct subgroup of RNA-dependent polymerases. Telomerase lengthens telomeres in DNA strands, thereby allowing senescent cells that would otherwise become postmitotic and undergo apoptosis to exceed the Hayflick limit and become potentially immortal, as is often the case with cancerous cells. To be specific, TERT is responsible for catalyzing the addition of nucleotides in a TTAGGG sequence to the ends of a chromosome's telomeres. This addition of repetitive DNA sequences prevents degradation of the chromosomal ends following multiple rounds of replication. hTERT absence (usually as a result of a chromosomal mutation) is associated with the disorder Cri du chat. Function Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asbarez
''Asbarez'' ( hy, Ասպարէզ "Arena") is an Armenian-American bilingual daily newspaper published in Armenian and English in Los Angeles, California, formerly by the Western USA Central Committee of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. As of late 2020, the newspaper is no longer affiliated with the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. History The newspaper began publication in 1908 in Fresno, California. It moved to southern California several decades later when a large Armenian-American community emerged there. Before moving to a new headquarters in the Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles in the 1970s, the newspaper's headquarters was located in Glendale, California, a suburb of Los Angeles. The daily is published five times a week. It is from 16 to 28 pages, Tuesdays through Fridays and 40 to 48 pages on Saturdays. It also regularly publishes magazine supplements on special occasions. Asbarez in English The newspaper that includes both Armenian and English ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Disobedience
Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal of a citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders or commands of a government (or any other authority). By some definitions, civil disobedience has to be nonviolent to be called "civil". Hence, civil disobedience is sometimes equated with peaceful protests or nonviolent resistance. Henry David Thoreau's essay ''Resistance to Civil Government'', published posthumously as '' Civil Disobedience'', popularized the term in the US, although the concept itself has been practiced longer before. It has inspired leaders such as Susan B. Anthony of the U.S. women's suffrage movement in the late 1800s, Saad Zaghloul in the 1910s culminating in Egyptian Revolution of 1919 against British Occupation, and Mahatma Gandhi in 1920s India in their protests for Indian independence against the British Empire. Martin Luther King Jr.'s and James Bevel's peaceful protests during the civil rights movement in the 1960s United States cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
