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2C-T-33
2C-T-33, also known as 4-(3-methoxybenzylthio)-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a serotonin receptor agonist of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It was first synthesized and described by Daniel Trachsel in 2003. The drug is not known to have ever been tested in humans and its active human doses have not been reported. Pharmacology 2C-T-33 shows high affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (Ki = 1.7nM) and to a much lesser extent for the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor (Ki = 75nM; 44-fold lower than for 5-HT2A). In terms of serotonin 5-HT2A receptor activation, its is 26nM and its is 40%. Hence, 2C-T-33 acts as a low-efficacy partial agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. The drug shows higher affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor but much lower potency and efficacy in activating the receptor compared to 2C-T or 2C-B (which had values of Ki = 6.9–49nM, = 2.0–2.1nM, and = 75–92%). In contrast to most other 2C drugs and serotonergic psychedelics, 2C-T-33 appear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine
2C (2C-''x'') is a general name for the family of psychedelic drug, psychedelic substituted phenethylamine, phenethylamines containing Methoxy, methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 carbon, positions of a benzene ring. Most of these compounds also carry lipophilic substituents at the 4 position, usually resulting in more potent and more metabolism, metabolically stable and longer acting compounds. Most of the currently known 2C compounds were first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in the 1970s and 1980s and published in his book ''PiHKAL'' (''Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved''). Shulgin also coined the term 2C, being an acronym for the 2 carbon atoms between the benzene ring and the amino group. 2C-B is the most popular of the 2C drugs. Use The 2C drugs are oral administration, orally active, are used at oral doses of 6 to 150mg depending on the drug, and have duration of action, durations of 3 to 48hours depending on the drug. However, many have doses in the range of 10 to 60mg an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C-T-X
2C (2C-''x'') is a general name for the family of psychedelic phenethylamines containing methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 positions of a benzene ring. Most of these compounds also carry lipophilic substituents at the 4 position, usually resulting in more potent and more metabolically stable and longer acting compounds. Most of the currently known 2C compounds were first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in the 1970s and 1980s and published in his book ''PiHKAL'' (''Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved''). Shulgin also coined the term 2C, being an acronym for the 2 carbon atoms between the benzene ring and the amino group. 2C-B is the most popular of the 2C drugs. Use The 2C drugs are orally active, are used at oral doses of 6 to 150mg depending on the drug, and have durations of 3 to 48hours depending on the drug. However, many have doses in the range of 10 to 60mg and durations in the range of 4 to 12hours. The 2C drugs produce psychedelic effects. Some, such as 2C-B, have al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel Trachsel
Daniel Trachsel is a Swiss people, Swiss chemist who studies psychedelic drug, psychedelics and entactogens. He has developed and published on a large number of novel psychedelic and entactogen chemical compound, compounds, including their psychoactive drug, psychoactive effects. This has been in a manner similar to that of the psychedelic chemist Alexander Shulgin, which has caused Trachsel to sometimes be referred to as the "German Shulgin". However, unlike Shulgin, Trachsel has distanced himself from any personal self-experimentation, self-experiments. According to Hamilton Morris and Nick Cozzi in mid-2023, Trachel's book ''Phenethylamine: von der Struktur zur Funktion'' (''Phenethylamines: From Structure to Function'') is in the process of being translated into English. It is being independently translated by the Alexander Shulgin Research Institute (ASRI), with tentative publication by Transform Press, and also by chemist David Carlson. Compounds Compounds that were first k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-HT2A Receptor
The 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor, 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and functions as a GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). It is a cell surface receptor that activates multiple intracellular signalling cascades. Like all 5-HT2 receptors, the 5-HT2A receptor is coupled to the Gq protein, Gq/G11 signaling pathway. It is the primary excitatory receptor subtype among the serotonin-responsive GPCRs. The 5-HT2A receptor was initially noted for its central role as the primary target of serotonergic psychedelic drugs such as LSD and psilocybin mushrooms. It later regained research prominence when found to mediate, at least in part, the effects of many antipsychotic drugs, particularly atypical antipsychotic, atypical antipsychotics. Downregulation of post-synaptic 5-HT2A receptors is an adaptive response triggered by chronic administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and atypical antipsychotics. Elevated 5-HT2A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C-T-27
2C-T-27, also known as 4-benzylthio-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and serotonergic psychedelic of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It was first synthesized and described by Daniel Trachsel in 2003. In addition to the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, 2C-T-27 interacts with the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor. It showed higher affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor than any other 2C drug (Ki = 1.6nM), but its activational potency and efficacy were among the lowest ( = 26nM; = 27%). The drug produces the head-twitch response (HTR), a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, in rodents. However, the HTR induced by 2C-T-27 is relatively weak. 2C-T-27 has been reported to produce hallucinogenic effects in humans. Its dosage was reported by Trachsel to be 80mg or more orally and no duration was listed. See also * 2C-T-33 * 2C-T-8 * Aleph-6 * 3C-BZ * Benzscaline Benzscaline (BZ), also known as 4-benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (4-Bzl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DOBz
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-benzylamphetamine (DOBz or DOBN) is a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor modulator of the amphetamine and DOx families. It is the DOx derivative with a benzyl ring at the 4 position. The drug's affinities (Ki) for the human serotonin 5-HT2 receptors have been found to be 0.40nM for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, 24.5 to 35.0nM for the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor, and 1.0nM for the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor. Its affinities for the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors are very similar to those of DOB. The drug has been assessed and found to act as a silent antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor ( = 0%). In rodent drug discrimination tests, DOBz neither antagonized nor generalized to the stimulus of DOM. Higher doses produced behavioral disruption however. DOBz was first described in the scientific literature by Richard Glennon and colleagues in 1989. See also * 2C-Ph * 4-PhPr-2,5-DMA * 2C-T-27 * Benzscaline (BZ) * 3C-BZ 3C-BZ, also known as 4-benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyampheta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methoxy
In organic chemistry, a methoxy group is the functional group consisting of a methyl group bound to oxygen. This alkoxy group has the formula . On a benzene ring, the Hammett equation classifies a methoxy substituent at the ''para'' position as an electron-donating group, but as an electron-withdrawing group if at the ''meta'' position. At the ''ortho'' position, steric effects are likely to cause a significant alteration in the Hammett equation prediction, which otherwise follows the same trend as that of the ''para'' position. Occurrence The simplest of methoxy compounds are methanol and dimethyl ether. Other methoxy ethers include anisole and vanillin. Many metal alkoxides contain methoxy groups, such as tetramethyl orthosilicate and titanium methoxide. Esters with a methoxy group can be referred to as methyl esters, and the —COOCH3 substituent is called a methoxycarbonyl. Biosynthesis In nature, methoxy groups are found on nucleosides subjected to 2′-''O''-meth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzyl Ring
In organic chemistry, benzyl is the substituent or molecular fragment possessing the structure . Benzyl features a benzene ring () attached to a methylene group (). Nomenclature In IUPAC nomenclature, the prefix benzyl refers to a substituent, for example benzyl chloride or benzyl benzoate. Benzyl is not to be confused with phenyl with the formula . The term benzylic is used to describe the position of the first carbon bonded to a benzene or other aromatic ring. For example, is referred to as a "benzylic" carbocation. The benzyl free radical has the formula . The benzyl cation or phenylcarbenium ion is the carbocation with formula ; the benzyl anion or phenylmethanide ion is the carbanion with the formula . None of these species can be formed in significant amounts in the solution phase under normal conditions, but they are useful referents for discussion of reaction mechanisms and may exist as reactive intermediates. Abbreviations Benzyl is most commonly abbreviated Bn. For ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DOHx
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-hexylamphetamine (DOHx or DOHE) is a non-hallucinogenic serotonin receptor modulator of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and DOx families. Pharmacology DOHx has shown the highest affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors of any other assessed DOx drug in multiple studies. In one study, its affinities for the human serotonin 5-HT2 receptors were 0.1nM for the 5-HT2A receptor, 30nM for the 5-HT2B receptor, and 0.7nM for 5-HT2C receptor. In the case of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, this was 6- to 14-fold higher than DOB, DOI, and DOC and was 9-fold higher than DOPR. In another study, DOHx showed 25-fold higher affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor than DOM or DOET, 23- to 28-fold higher affinity than DOPR and DOBU, and 2.8-fold higher affinity than DOAM. Conversely, it showed only slightly higher or roughly the same affinity for the receptor relative to DOCT (2.5nM vs. 3.0nM, respectively). In contrast to many other DOx drugs, DOHx, as well ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serotonin Receptor Agonist
A serotonin receptor agonist is an agonist of one or more serotonin receptors. They activate serotonin receptors in a manner similar to that of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), a neurotransmitter and hormone and the endogenous ligand of the serotonin receptors. Non-selective agonists Serotonergic psychedelics such as tryptamines (e.g., psilocybin, psilocin, , 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin), lysergamides (e.g., , ergine ()), phenethylamines (e.g., mescaline, 2C-B, 25I-NBOMe), and amphetamines (e.g., , ) are non-selective agonists of serotonin receptors. Their hallucinogenic effects are specifically mediated by activation of the 5-HT2A receptor. Drugs that increase extracellular serotonin levels such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g., fluoxetine, venlafaxine), serotonin releasing agents (e.g., fenfluramine, ), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (e.g., phenelzine, moclobemide) are indirect non-selective serotonin receptor agonists. They are used variously as antidepressant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-PhPr-3,5-DMA
4-PhPr-3,5-DMA, also known as 4-(3-phenylpropyl)-3,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, is a serotonin receptor modulator of the phenethylamine and amphetamine families. It is structurally related to the DOx drugs but has one of its methoxy groups in the 3 position instead of 2 position on the phenyl ring and has a bulky substitution at the 4 position of the phenyl ring. The affinities (Ki) of 4-PhPr-3,5-DMA for the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors have been reported to be 4nM for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor and 40nM for the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor, with approximately 10-fold selectivity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor over the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor. Its affinities for the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the study were approximately 8-fold and 1.6-fold higher than those of DOB, respectively. The drug was a full agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor in terms of phosphatidylinositol (PI) hydrolysis ( = 109% relative to serotonin). However, in the presence of the serotonin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hallucinogen
Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelics, entheogens, or historically as psychotomimetics, are a large and diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes. Hallucinogens are often categorized as either being psychedelics, dissociatives, or deliriants, but not all hallucinogens fall into these three classes. Examples of hallucinogens include psychedelics or serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists like LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and DMT; dissociatives or NMDA receptor antagonists like ketamine, PCP, DXM, and nitrous oxide; deliriants or antimuscarinics like scopolamine and diphenhydramine; cannabinoids or cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists like THC, nabilone, and JWH-018; κ-opioid receptor agonists like salvinorin A and pentazocine; GABAA receptor agonists like muscimol and gaboxadol; and oneirogens like ibogaine and harmaline, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
