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19 June 1857 Law
300px, The Landes forest at La Teste-de-Buch The 19 June 1857 law, also called ''loi relative à l'assainissement et de mise en culture des Landes de Gascogne'' (Law related to sanitation and culture of the Landes de Gascogne), is a turning point in the Landes history: it is the end of traditional pastoralism, the disappearance of the Landes shepherd, and the beginning of the extension of the Landes forest on the major part of the territory, leading to the generalization of resin extraction Resin extraction consists of incising the outer layers of a pine tree in order to collect the sap or resin. Summary Resin circulates throughout a coniferous tree and a few others, and serves to seal damage to the tree. Harvesting pine resin da ... in the region. External linksText of the law. Landes (department) Legal history of France June 1857 events 1857 in France {{France-law-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landes De Gascogne
The Landes de Gascogne (in Gascon, classic spelling ''las Lanas de Gasconha'', Fébusienne spelling ''leus Lanes de Gascougne''), or Gascony Moors, is a natural region of France of nearly . It extends over three departments: Gironde, Landes and Lot-et-Garonne, and includes 386 communes. The region is a flat, sandy plain in the west of the Aquitaine Basin beside the Atlantic Ocean. The interior is cut off from the sea by a barrier of dunes. It is dominated by pine forests that cover 66% of the territory, with islets of agriculture over 18% of the territory. Before humans began to modify the landscape the Landes de Gascogne was covered by a mixed forest of deciduous and coniferous trees. This was largely cleared by around 600 AD and replaced by moorland (''landes''). Both sheep and cattle grazed here, but an epizootic in 1775 destroyed the cows and only sheep remained. The popular image of the Landes was that of a Gascon shepherd standing on stilts to watch over his flock. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landes Forest
The Landes forest (; La forêt des Landes in French) in the Landes de Gascogne (las Lanas de Gasconha in the Gascon language), in the historic Gascony natural region of southwestern France now known as Aquitaine, is the largest man-made woodland in Western Europe. The French word, ''landes'' and Gascon ''lanas'', mean 'moors' or 'heaths', from Transalpine Gaulish *''landa'' ("uninhabited/uncultivated area"); compare Irish ''lann'', Welsh ''llan'' (“enclosure”). Geography The forest (also known as the 'moors of Gascony', and formerly, the 'moors of Bordeaux') covers a large portion of Landes and Gironde, two of the departments of France; it also spills over into parts of the Lot-et-Garonne department. The sources of several rivers can be found in this region, including the sources of the Leyre, the Boudigau, the Ciron, and the Gat Mort. The largest towns within the forest are Arcachon, Dax, and Mont-de-Marsan. Origin as a pine plantation The forest is composed mostly of m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pastoralism
Pastoralism is a form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals (known as "livestock") are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands (pastures) for grazing, historically by nomadic people who moved around with their herds. The animal species involved include cattle, camels, goats, yaks, llamas, reindeer, horses and sheep. Pastoralism occurs in many variations throughout the world, generally where environmental characteristics such as aridity, poor soils, cold or hot temperatures, and lack of water make crop-growing difficult or impossible. Operating in more extreme environments with more marginal lands means that pastoral communities are very vulnerable to the effects of global warming. Pastoralism remains a way of life in many geographic areas, including Africa, the Tibetan plateau, the Eurasian steppes, the Andes, Patagonia, the Pampas, Australia and many other places. , between 200 million and 500 million people globally practised pastoralism, and 75% ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resin Extraction
Resin extraction consists of incising the outer layers of a pine tree in order to collect the sap or resin. Summary Resin circulates throughout a coniferous tree and a few others, and serves to seal damage to the tree. Harvesting pine resin dates back to Gallo-Roman times in Gascony. Tapping pines may either be done so as to sustain the life of the tree, or exhaustively in the years before the tree is cut down. Traditional tapping In Gascony, and to a lesser extent in Provence, pine-tapping was practiced as a form of sharecropping, although uncertain status of the workers sometimes led to labor disputes. Although almost abandoned during the 20th century, in Spain it has experienced something of a resurgence. Cesefor is a Spanish non-profit foundation. which promotes forestry in Spain and its industry including Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFP) which in the Mediterranean region includes, resins, as well as cork berries, nuts, and mushrooms, among many others. Procedure Resi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landes (department)
Landes (; oc, label= Gascon and Occitan, Lanas ; eu, Landak) is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, Southwestern France, with a long coastline on the Atlantic Ocean to the west. It borders Gers to the east, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, to the south, Lot-et-Garonne to the north-east, and Gironde to the north. It also borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Located on the Atlantic coast, it had a population of 413,690 as of 2019.Populations légales 2019: 40 Landes INSEE Its is . The department is the seco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal History Of France
The legal history of France is commonly divided into three periods: that of the old French law (), that of the Revolutionary or intermediary law (), and that of the Napoleonic law or ''Droit nouveau'' ('New law'). Old French law Revolutionary law "The legislative work of the French Revolution has been qualified as intermediary law since it formed the transition between the old French law and the new, the law covered by the Napoleonic codes." "The private law of the French Revolution is to-day no longer considered an intermediary law. Yet from a positivist point of view, most of the provisions enacted in this area between 1788 to 1799 were of short duration." Feudalism was abolished on the night of 4 August 1789. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was adopted on the 26 August. Napoleonic law Napoleonic law is still considered "the foundation stone of the French legal system." Aftermath of the First French Empire The judicial system of post-Napoleonic Fran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
June 1857 Events
June is the sixth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is the second of four months to have a length of 30 days, and the third of five months to have a length of less than 31 days. June contains the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, the day with the most daylight hours, and the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, the day with the fewest daylight hours (excluding polar regions in both cases). June in the Northern Hemisphere is the seasonal equivalent to December in the Southern Hemisphere and vice versa. In the Northern Hemisphere, the beginning of the traditional astronomical summer is 21 June (meteorological summer begins on 1 June). In the Southern Hemisphere, meteorological winter begins on 1 June. At the start of June, the sun rises in the constellation of Taurus; at the end of June, the sun rises in the constellation of Gemini. However, due to the precession of the equinoxes, June begins with the sun in the astrological sign of G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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