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1671 In Science
The year 1671 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Completion of Paris Observatory, the world's first such national institution. * February 27 – The Ortenau meteorite lands in Germany. * October 25 – Italian-born French astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini discovers Iapetus, the second known moon of the planet Saturn. Mathematics * James Gregory develops a series expansion for the inverse tangent function and discovers Taylor's theorem. * publishes ''Kokin-Sanpo-Ki'' (古今算法之記), in which he gives the first comprehensive applied account of Chinese algebra in Japan. Medicine * Publication of ''Les secrets de la medecine des Chinois'', the first Western book on traditional Eastern medicine, in Grenoble. Physics * Jacques Rohault publishes ''Traité de physique'' in Paris, disseminating Cartesian physics. Technology * March 31 – The English Royal Navy launches HMS ''Royal James'' at Portsmouth Royal Dockyard, its first war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that Scientific method, builds and organizes knowledge in the form of Testability, testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 Common Era, BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the Universe, physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of History of science in classical antiquity, Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartesian Physics
''The World'', also called ''Treatise on the Light'' (French title: ''Traité du monde et de la lumière''), is a book by René Descartes (1596–1650). Written between 1629 and 1633, it contains a nearly complete version of his philosophy, from method, to metaphysics, to physics and biology. Descartes espoused mechanical philosophy, a form of natural philosophy popular in the 17th century. He thought everything physical in the universe to be made of tiny "corpuscles" of matter. Corpuscularianism is closely related to atomism. The main difference was that Descartes maintained that there could be no vacuum, and all matter was constantly swirling to prevent a void as corpuscles moved through other matter. ''The World'' presents a corpuscularian cosmology in which swirling vortices explain, among other phenomena, the creation of the Solar System and the circular motion of planets around the Sun. ''The World'' rests on the heliocentric view, first explicated in Western Europe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1671 In Science
The year 1671 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Completion of Paris Observatory, the world's first such national institution. * February 27 – The Ortenau meteorite lands in Germany. * October 25 – Italian-born French astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini discovers Iapetus, the second known moon of the planet Saturn. Mathematics * James Gregory develops a series expansion for the inverse tangent function and discovers Taylor's theorem. * publishes ''Kokin-Sanpo-Ki'' (古今算法之記), in which he gives the first comprehensive applied account of Chinese algebra in Japan. Medicine * Publication of ''Les secrets de la medecine des Chinois'', the first Western book on traditional Eastern medicine, in Grenoble. Physics * Jacques Rohault publishes ''Traité de physique'' in Paris, disseminating Cartesian physics. Technology * March 31 – The English Royal Navy launches HMS ''Royal James'' at Portsmouth Royal Dockyard, its first war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1598 In Science
The year 1598 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * May – Tycho Brahe's star catalogue Astronomiæ instauratæ mechanica', listing the positions of 1,004 stars, is published. Exploration * Spanish prospectors discover the Ojuela Mine. Zoology * Autumn – After being separated from the main Second Dutch Expedition to Indonesia fleet of Admiral Wybrand Van Warwyck, three ships under Jacob Cornelisz. van Neck land on the island which they name Mauritius and sight the dodo bird (''Raphus cucullatus''); it will become extinct around 1681. Births * April 17 – Giovanni Battista Riccioli, Italian astronomer (died 1671) Deaths * June – Emery Molyneux, English-born maker of globes and scientific instruments * October 11 – Joachim Camerarius the Younger, German physician and botanist (born 1534) * Roch Le Baillif, French physician (born 1540 Year 1540 ( MDXL) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies – in either observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, solar astronomy, the origin or evolution of stars, or the formation of galaxies. A related but distinct subject is physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole. Types Astronomers usually fall under either of two main types: observational and theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of celestial objects and analyze the data. In contrast, theoretical astronomers create and investigate models of things that cannot be observed. Because it takes millions to billions of years for a system of stars or a galaxy to complete a life cycle, astronomers must observe sna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Battista Riccioli
Giovanni Battista Riccioli, SJ (17 April 1598 – 25 June 1671) was an Italian astronomer and a Catholic priest in the Jesuit order. He is known, among other things, for his experiments with pendulums and with falling bodies, for his discussion of 126 arguments concerning the motion of the Earth, and for introducing the current scheme of lunar nomenclature. He is also widely known for discovering the first double star. He argued that the rotation of the Earth should reveal itself because on a rotating Earth, the ground moves at different speeds at different times. Biography Riccioli was born in Ferrara. He entered the Society of Jesus on 6 October 1614. After completing his novitiate, he began to study humanities in 1616, pursuing those studies first at Ferrara, and then at Piacenza. From 1620 to 1628 he studied philosophy and theology at the College of Parma. Parma Jesuits had developed a strong program of experimentation, such as with falling bodies. One of the most famous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1742 In Science
The year 1742 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * January 14 – Death of Edmond Halley; James Bradley succeeds him as Astronomer Royal in Great Britain. Mathematics * June – Christian Goldbach produces Goldbach's conjecture. * Colin Maclaurin publishes his ''Treatise on Fluxions'' in Great Britain, the first systematic exposition of Newton's methods. Metrology * Anders Celsius publishes his proposal for a centigrade temperature scale originated in 1741. Physiology and medicine * Surgeon Joseph Hurlock publishes his ''A Practical Treatise upon Dentition, or The breeding of teeth in children'' in London, the first treatise in English on dentition. Technology * Benjamin Robins publishes his ''New Principles of Gunnery, containing the determination of the force of gun-powder and an investigation of the difference in the resisting power of the air to swift and slow motions'' in London, containing a description of his ballistic pendulum and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History One of the earliest known mathematicians were Thales of Miletus (c. 624–c.546 BC); he has been hailed as the first true mathematician and the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed. He is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry, by deriving four corollaries to Thales' Theorem. The number of known mathematicians grew when Pythagoras of Samos (c. 582–c. 507 BC) established the Pythagorean School, whose doctrine it was that mathematics ruled the universe and whose motto was "All is number". It was the Pythagoreans who coined the term "mathematics", and with whom the study of mathematics for its own sake begins. The first woman mathematician recorded by history was Hyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian People
, flag = , flag_caption = The national flag of Italy , population = , regions = Italy 55,551,000 , region1 = Brazil , pop1 = 25–33 million , ref1 = , region2 = Argentina , pop2 = 20–25 million , ref2 = , region3 = United States , pop3 = 17-20 million , ref3 = , region4 = France , pop4 = 1-5 million , ref4 = , region5 = Venezuela , pop5 = 1-5 million , ref5 = , region6 = Paraguay , pop6 = 2.5 million , region7 = Colombia , pop7 = 2 million , ref7 = , region8 = Canada , pop8 = 1.5 million , ref8 = , region9 = Australia , pop9 = 1.0 million , ref9 = , region10 = Uruguay , pop10 = 1.0 million ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guido Grandi
image:Guidograndi.jpg, Guido Grandi Dom (title), Dom Guido Grandi, Camaldolese, O.S.B. Cam. (1 October 1671 – 4 July 1742) was an Italian monk, priest, philosopher, theologian, mathematician, and engineer. Life Grandi was born on 1 October 1671 in Cremona, Italy and baptised, christened Luigi Francesco Lodovico. When he was of age, he was educated at the Jesuit college there. After he completed his studies there in 1687, he entered the novitiate of the Camaldolese monks at Ferrara and took the name of Guido. In 1693 he was sent to the San Gregorio al Celio, Monastery of St. Gregory the Great, the Camaldolese house in Rome, to complete his studies in philosophy and theology in preparation for Holy Orders. A year later, Grandi was assigned as professor of both fields at the Camaldolese St. Mary of the Angels Monastery (Florence), Monastery of St. Mary of the Angels in Florence. It appears that it was during this period of his life that he took an interest in mathematics. He di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthony Deane (shipwright)
Sir Anthony Deane FRS (16331721) was a 17th-century mayor of Harwich, naval architect, Master Shipwright and commercial shipbuilder, and Member of Parliament. Early life Deane was baptised at Stow-on-the-Wold, Gloucestershire, on 3 December 1633. He is described in his Grant of Arms in 1683, as "son of Anthony, of London, gent., deceased, son of Anthony, of county Gloucester". At an early age he was apprenticed to master shipwright Christopher Pett at Woolwich Dockyard, and was appointed as the Dockyard's assistant shipwright in 1660. Naval career In August 1662 Deane met Samuel Pepys, the Clerk of the Acts and member of the Navy Board. Pepys was impressed with Deane's ability and saw in him a potential rival for Christopher Pett, against whom Pepys held a political grudge. On Pepys' recommendation, the Navy Board reopened the derelict Harwich Dockyard in October 1664 and appointed Deane as its master shipwright, elevating him from being Pett's assistant to his nominal equa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portsmouth Royal Dockyard
His Majesty's Naval Base, Portsmouth (HMNB Portsmouth) is one of three operating bases in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy (the others being HMNB Clyde and HMNB Devonport). Portsmouth Naval Base is part of the city of Portsmouth; it is located on the eastern shore of Portsmouth Harbour, north of the Solent and the Isle of Wight. Until the early 1970s, it was officially known as Portsmouth Royal Dockyard (or HM Dockyard, Portsmouth); thereafter the term 'Naval Base' gained currency, acknowledging a greater focus on personnel and support elements alongside the traditional emphasis on building, repairing and maintaining ships. In 1984 Portsmouth's Royal Dockyard function was downgraded and it was formally renamed the 'Fleet Maintenance and Repair Organisation' (FMRO). The FMRO was privatized in 1998, and for a time (from 2002 to 2014), shipbuilding, in the form of block construction, returned. Around 2000, the designation HMS ''Nelson'' (which until then had been specific t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
