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1643 In Science
The year 1643 in science and technology involved some significant events. Exploration * January 21 – Abel Tasman discovers the Tonga archipelago. * December 25 – Captain William Mynors of the British East India Company discovers Christmas Island. Meteorology * Evangelista Torricelli invents the mercury barometer. Births * January 4 ( NS) – Isaac Newton, English physicist (died 1727) * Jean de Fontaney, French Jesuit mathematician and astronomer (died 1710) * Pierre Dionis, French surgeon and anatomist (died 1718) Deaths * April 9 – Benedetto Castelli, Italian mathematician (born 1578) * November 3 ** John Bainbridge, English astronomer (born 1582) ** Paul Guldin, Swiss mathematician and astronomer (born 1577) * Sophia Brahe, Danish astronomer (born 1556) * Gasparo Berti, Italian mathematician, astronomer and physicist (born c. 1600) * Walter Warner, English scientist (born 1563 Year 1563 ( MDLXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that Scientific method, builds and organizes knowledge in the form of Testability, testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 Common Era, BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the Universe, physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of History of science in classical antiquity, Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jesuit
, image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders = , founding_location = , type = Order of clerics regular of pontifical right (for men) , headquarters = Generalate:Borgo S. Spirito 4, 00195 Roma-Prati, Italy , coords = , region_served = Worldwide , num_members = 14,839 members (includes 10,721 priests) as of 2020 , leader_title = Motto , leader_name = la, Ad Majorem Dei GloriamEnglish: ''For the Greater Glory of God'' , leader_title2 = Superior General , leader_name2 = Fr. Arturo Sosa, SJ , leader_title3 = Patron saints , leader_name3 = , leader_title4 = Ministry , leader_name4 = Missionary, educational, literary works , main_organ = La Civiltà Cattoli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Guldin
Paul Guldin (born Habakkuk Guldin; 12 June 1577 ( Mels) – 3 November 1643 (Graz)) was a Swiss Jesuit mathematician and astronomer. He discovered the Guldinus theorem to determine the surface and the volume of a solid of revolution. (This theorem is also known as the Pappus–Guldinus theorem and Pappus's centroid theorem, attributed to Pappus of Alexandria.) Guldin was noted for his association with the German mathematician and astronomer Johannes Kepler. Guldin composed a critique of Cavalieri's method of Indivisibles. Although of Jewish descent, his parents were Protestants and they brought Guldin up in that faith. He was a professor of mathematics in Graz and Vienna. In Paolo Casati's astronomical work ''Terra machinis mota'' (1658), Casati imagines a dialogue among Guldin, Galileo, and Marin Mersenne on various intellectual problems of cosmology, geography, astronomy and geodesy. See also *List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics A ''list'' is any set of items in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1582 In Science
The year 1582 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. This year sees the introduction of the Gregorian calendar, promulgated by Pope Gregory XIII in the Papal bull '' Inter gravissimas'' on February 24 and based largely on the work of Christopher Clavius. Under the Habsburg monarchy in Spain, Portugal and Italy, together with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the year continues under the Julian calendar as normal until Thursday October 4, the next day becoming Friday October 15; France follows two months later, letting Sunday December 9 be followed by Monday December 20. Other countries switch in later years. Astronomy * Giovanni Antonio Magini publishes the ephemerides ''Ephemerides coelestium motuum''. Exploration * Richard Hakluyt publishes ''Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America and the Ilands Adjacent unto the Same, Made First of all by our Englishmen''. Medicine * Urbain Hémard investigates the anatomy of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Bainbridge (astronomer)
John Bainbridge (1582 – 3 November 1643) was an English astronomer and mathematician. Life Bainbridge was born at Ashby-de-la-Zouch, in Leicestershire to Robert and Anne (née Everard) Bainbridge. He attended the Free Grammar School in Ashby-de-la-Zouch and then became a student at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He returned to Ashby where he practiced as a physician for some years, kept a school and studied astronomy. Having removed to London, he was admitted (6 November 1618) a licentiate of the college of physicians, and was noticed due to a publication concerning the comet of 1618. In 1618, he became a member of the Puritan group of scholars known as the Gresham Circle. In 1619, Sir Henry Savile (Bible translator) (1549–1622) elected him as the first Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford University. Bainbridge was incorporated of Merton College and became, in 1631 and 1635 respectively, junior and senior reader of Linacre's lectures. Bainbridge was a purita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1578 In Science
The year 1578 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Archaeology * Catacombs of Rome rediscovered. Medicine * Cristóbal Acosta publishes a study of Indian pharmacology, ''Tractado de las drogas y medicinas de las Indias orientales'', in Burgos. * Roch Le Baillif publishes Le Demosterion de Roch le Baillif, edelphe medecin spagiric, auquel sont contenuz trois cens Aphorismes latins et français. Sommaire véritable de la médecine Paracelsique, extraicte de luy en la plus part par ledict Baillif' in Rennes. * Li Shizhen completes the first draft of the '' materia medica'' '' Bencao Gangmu''. Technology * English seaman William Bourne publishes a manual, ''Inventions or Devises, Very Necessary for all Generalles and Captaines, as wel by Sea as by Land'', including an early theoretical description of a submarine. Births * April 1 – William Harvey, English physician (died 1657) * Benedetto Castelli, Italian mathematician (died 16 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian People
, flag = , flag_caption = The national flag of Italy , population = , regions = Italy 55,551,000 , region1 = Brazil , pop1 = 25–33 million , ref1 = , region2 = Argentina , pop2 = 20–25 million , ref2 = , region3 = United States , pop3 = 17-20 million , ref3 = , region4 = France , pop4 = 1-5 million , ref4 = , region5 = Venezuela , pop5 = 1-5 million , ref5 = , region6 = Paraguay , pop6 = 2.5 million , region7 = Colombia , pop7 = 2 million , ref7 = , region8 = Canada , pop8 = 1.5 million , ref8 = , region9 = Australia , pop9 = 1.0 million , ref9 = , region10 = Uruguay , pop10 = 1.0 million ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benedetto Castelli
Benedetto Castelli (1578 – 9 April 1643), born Antonio Castelli, was an Italian mathematician. Benedetto was his name in religion on entering the Benedictine Order in 1595. Life Born in Brescia, Castelli studied at the University of Padua and later became an abbot at the Benedictine monastery in Monte Cassino. He was a long-time friend and supporter of his teacher, Galileo Galilei, and in turn teacher to Galileo's son. He assisted Galileo's study of sunspots and participated in the examination of the theories of Nicolaus Copernicus. Castelli was interested in mathematics and hydraulics. He was appointed as a mathematician to the University of Pisa, replacing Galileo, and later at the University of Rome La Sapienza. Castelli introduced Bonaventura Cavalieri to Galileo, leading to an extensive correspondence between the latter; Galileo was instrumental in procuring a position for Cavalieri at the University of Bologna in 1629. Castelli was involved in the discovery of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1718 In Science
This is a list of significant events that occurred in the year 1718 in science. Astronomy * Edmond Halley discovers the proper motion of stars. Chemistry * Étienne François Geoffroy presents the first ever table of chemical affinity (based on displacement reactions) to the French Academy of Sciences. Mathematics * Abraham de Moivre publishes '' The Doctrine of Chances: a method of calculating the probabilities of events in play'' in English, which goes through several editions. Medicine * The Charitable Infirmary, Dublin, is founded by six surgeons in Ireland, the first public voluntary hospital in the British Isles. Technology * May 15 – James Puckle patents the Puckle Gun, in England. Births * May 16 – Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Italian mathematician (died 1799) * May 23 – William Hunter, Scottish anatomist (died 1783) * August 17 – Francis Willis, English physician specialising in mental disorders (died 1807) * Salomée Halpir (née Rusiecki), Lithuanian physic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatomist
Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology, embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated, both over immediate and long-term timescales. Anatomy and physiology, which study the structure and function of organisms and their parts respectively, make a natural pair of related disciplines, and are often studied together. Human anatomy is one of the essential basic sciences that are applied in medicine. The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic. Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the examination of an animal's body parts using unaided eyesight. Gross anatomy also includes the branch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surgeon
In modern medicine, a surgeon is a medical professional who performs surgery. Although there are different traditions in different times and places, a modern surgeon usually is also a licensed physician or received the same medical training as physicians before specializing in surgery. There are also surgeons in podiatry, dentistry, and veterinary medicine. It is estimated that surgeons perform over 300 million surgical procedures globally each year. History The first person to document a surgery was the 6th century BC Indian physician-surgeon, Sushruta. He specialized in cosmetic plastic surgery and even documented an open rhinoplasty procedure.Ira D. Papel, John Frodel, ''Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery'' His magnum opus ''Suśruta-saṃhitā'' is one of the most important surviving ancient treatises on medicine and is considered a foundational text of both Ayurveda and surgery. The treatise addresses all aspects of general medicine, but the translator G. D. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Dionis
Pierre Dionis (1643 in Paris – 11 December 1718 in Paris) was a French surgeon and anatomist, First surgeon of the '' Enfants de France''. Biography Pierre Dionis was trained at the in Paris where he obtained the rank of master surgeon. He was influenced by the work of Guichard Joseph Duverney (1648-1730). In 1669, Dionis was surgeon of the King and of the Queen Maria Theresa.Physician per quarter: a physician who serves with a sovereign per quarter year. On 31 July 1671, the King Louis XIV appointed François Cureau de La Chambre as a Demonstrator operator of the interior of plants: the composition of the medicines was associated with the "interior of the plants". of the Botanical Garden ''( Jardin des Plantes)''. Too busy with his duties, François Cureau de La Chambre appointed Pierre Cressé, to read the lectures, while Pierre Dionis performed the actual dissections. He was appointed surgeon by Louis XIV in 1672 to teach at the “anatomy according to the circulation o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
