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1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 Shootdown
The 1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown occurred on March 17, 1994, when an Iranian Air Force C-130E military transport aircraft, carrying Iranian embassy personnel from Moscow to Tehran, was shot down by Armenian military forces near the city of Stepanakert in Nagorno-Karabakh, an area which had been under armed conflict since 1988.Human Rights Watch/Helsinki, Christopher Panico, Jemera Rone. Azerbaijan: Seven years of conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. Human Rights Watch, 1994. , , p. 108 The 32 people (19 passengers and 13 crew) on board were killed in the crash. Shootdown The C-130 Hercules departed from Moscow, taking relatives of Iranian embassy staff home for Novruz celebrations. The Iranian Embassy in Moscow said the aircraft was carrying 19 passengers, including nine children, and a crew of 13.''Los Angeles Times'', March 19, 199432 Die as Iranian Plane Strays, Crashes in Karabakh War Zone The crew reported mechanical trouble before veering into and entering the Azerbaija ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Aircraft Shootdowns
This is a list of aircraft shootdowns, dogfights and other incidents during wars since World War II. An aircraft shootdown occurs when an aircraft is struck by a projectile launched or fired from another aircraft or from the ground (see anti-aircraft warfare) which causes the targeted aircraft to lose its ability to continue flying, and subsequently crash, often resulting in the death of the occupants on board. Military aircraft Cold War (1945–1992) * (2) 9 February 1948 – Two Turkish Supermarine Spitfire were shot down by Bulgarian small arms fire. * 27 October 1948 – An Italian Lockheed P-38 Lightning was shot down by Yugoslavia. * 22 January 1949 – A USAF North American T-6 Texan was shot down by Communist guerrillas over Greece killing the pilot. * 8 April 1950 – A US Navy Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer, PB4Y-2 Privateer of VP-26 which had departed from Wiesbaden, West Germany was shot down during a patrol mission over the Baltic by four Soviet Air Forces, Soviet A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerard Libaridian
Gerard Jirair Libaridian ( hy, Ժիրայր Լիպարիտեան, born 1945 in Beirut, Lebanon) is an Armenian American historian and politician. Biography From 1991 to 1997, he served as adviser, and then senior adviser to the former President of Armenia, Levon Ter-Petrosyan, and was closely involved in the Karabakh negotiations. In 2007, Libaridian was appointed the Director of Armenian Studies Program at the University of Michigan. He holds the Alex Manoogian Chair in Modern Armenian History at the University of Michigan. He has provided occasional commentary on relations between Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkey, including on the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. In 2012, he had warned that Armenia would "remain weak" if it did not settle the Karabakh conflict. In 1995 the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe wrote that Libaridian had been a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation The Armenian Revolutionary Federation ( hy, Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշն� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization, headquartered in New York City, that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. The group pressures governments, policy makers, companies, and individual human rights abusers to denounce abuse and respect human rights, and the group often works on behalf of refugees, children, migrants, and political prisoners. Human Rights Watch, in 1997, shared the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. The organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011, $69.2 million in 2014, and $75.5 million in 2017. History Human Rights Watch was co-founded by Robert L. Bernstein Jeri Laber and Aryeh Neier as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the then- Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani ( fa, اکبر هاشمی رفسنجانی, Akbar Hāshemī Rafsanjānī, born Akbar Hashemi Bahramani, 25 August 1934 – 8 January 2017) was an Iranian politician, writer, and one of the founding fathers of the Islamic Republic who was the fourth president of Iran from 1989 to 1997. He was the head of the Assembly of Experts from 2007 until 2011 when he decided not to nominate himself for the post. He was also the chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council. During his 40-year tenure, Rafsanjani amassed a large amount of power serving as the speaker of parliament, Commander-in-Chief during the Iran–Iraq War, President, and chose Ali Khamenei as the supreme leader of Iran. His powerful role and control over Iranian politics earned him the name "Akbar Shah". Rafsanjani became president of Iran after winning the 1989 election. He served another term by winning the election in 1993. In the 2005 election he ran for a third term in office, placing fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Christian Science Monitor
''The Christian Science Monitor'' (''CSM''), commonly known as ''The Monitor'', is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles in electronic format as well as a weekly print edition. It was founded in 1908 as a daily newspaper by Mary Baker Eddy, the founder of the Church of Christ, Scientist. , the print circulation was 75,052. According to the organization's website, "the Monitor's global approach is reflected in how Mary Baker Eddy described its object as 'To injure no man, but to bless all mankind.' The aim is to embrace the human family, shedding light with the conviction that understanding the world's problems and possibilities moves us towards solutions." ''The Christian Science Monitor'' has won seven Pulitzer Prizes and more than a dozen Overseas Press Club awards. Reporting Despite its name, the ''Monitor'' is not a religious-themed paper, and does not promote the doctrine of its patron, the Church of Christ, Scientist. However, at its founder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
9K33 Osa
The 9K33 ''Osa'' (, literally "wasp"; NATO reporting name SA-8 ''Gecko'') is a highly mobile, low-altitude, short-range tactical surface-to-air missile system developed in the Soviet Union in the 1960s and fielded in 1972. Its export version name is Romb. Development Design work on an entirely new, self-propelled air defense guided missile system began in 1960 and was assigned to the Moscow-based () research and design institute under lead designer M.M. Kosichkin. The program initially suffered numerous delays and setbacks due to poorly formulated performance and tactical requirements, as this was a pioneering battlefield air defense system with no equivalents in existence at the time, and no doctrinal experience with such a weapon. P.M. Chukadov was assigned project leader in 1965 after a thorough review of the stalled program. The Osa had service acceptance in 1972 after a period of trials. Description The Osa was the first mobile air defense missile system incorporating i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Associated Press
The Associated Press (AP) is an American non-profit news agency headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1846, it operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association. It produces news reports that are distributed to its members, U.S. newspapers and broadcasters. The AP has earned 56 Pulitzer Prizes, including 34 for photography, since the award was established in 1917. It is also known for publishing the widely used ''AP Stylebook''. By 2016, news collected by the AP was published and republished by more than 1,300 newspapers and broadcasters, English, Spanish, and Arabic. The AP operates 248 news bureaus in 99 countries. It also operates the AP Radio Network, which provides newscasts twice hourly for broadcast and satellite radio and television stations. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, paying a fee to use AP material without being contributing members of the cooperative. As part of their cooperative agreement with the AP ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Foreign Ministry
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs ( fa, وزارت امور خارجه, Vezārat-e Omūr-e Khārejeh) is an Iranian government ministry headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs (Iran), Minister of Foreign Affairs, who is a member of cabinet. The current Minister of Foreign Affairs is Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, who was approved by the Parliament of Iran, Parliament on 25 August 2021 after being nominated by the President of Iran, President. Ministers and officials The first minister of foreign affairs of Iran was Mirza Abdulvahab Khan, who served from 1821 to 1823. The incumbent minister is Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, who was appointed on 25 August 2021 to succeed Mohammad Javad Zarif. The current officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs are: * Minister of Foreign Affairs — Hossein Amir-Abdollahian * Deputy for Political Affairs — Ali Bagheri * Deputy for Legal & International Affairs — Reza Najafi * Deputy for Economic Diplomacy Affairs — Mehdi Safari * Deputy for Cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nezavisimaya Gazeta
''Nezavisimaya Gazeta'' ( rus, Независимая газета, p=nʲɪzɐˈvʲisʲɪməjə ɡɐˈzʲetə, t=Independent Newspaper) is a Russian daily newspaper. History and profile ''Nezavisimaya Gazeta'' was first published on 21 December 1990. It was one of the most important daily newspapers in the early post-Soviet period, when it was seen as close to the opinion of the Moscow intelligentsia. The paper was temporarily closed for four months in 1995. Then it became part of the "Berezovsky Media Group". In 2007, following Berezovsky's political and economical disgrace, ''Nezavisimaya Gazeta'' was bought by Konstantin Remchukov, who became the new editor-in-chief, and his wife Yelena. Following the acquisition, the paper became mildly critical of the Putin administration. For example, it criticized the Kremlin's tightening control over the Central Election Commission An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ITAR-TASS
The Russian News Agency TASS (russian: Информацио́нное аге́нтство Росси́и ТАСС, translit=Informatsionnoye agentstvo Rossii, or Information agency of Russia), abbreviated TASS (russian: ТАСС, label=none), is a major Russian state-owned news agency founded in 1904. TASS is the largest Russian news agency and one of the largest news agencies worldwide. TASS is registered as a Federal State Unitary Enterprise, owned by the Government of Russia. Headquartered in Moscow, TASS has 70 offices in Russia and in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), as well as 68 bureaus around the world. In Soviet times, it was named the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (russian: Телегра́фное аге́нтство Сове́тского Сою́за, translit=Telegrafnoye agentstvo Sovetskogo Soyuza, label=none) and was the central agency for news collection and distribution for all Soviet newspapers, radio and television stations. After t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gagik Arutyunyan
Gagik Garushi Harutyunyan ( hy, Գագիկ Գարուշի Հարությունյան; born 23 March 1948) is an Armenian politician and jurist who served as the president of the Constitutional Court of Armenia from 1996 to 2018. He served as Prime Minister of Armenia from 22 November 1991 to 30 July 1992. Harutyunyan was elected as Vice President of Levon Ter-Petrossian Levon Hakobi Ter-Petrosyan ( hy, Լևոն Հակոբի Տեր-Պետրոսյան; born 9 January 1945), also known by his initials LTP, is an Armenian politician who served as the first president of Armenia from 1991 until his resignation in 1998 ... and served from 11 November 1991 until February 1996, when the post was abolished by the new constitution. As replacement, the National Assembly elected him as the president of the center of constitutional law of Armenia. References External links The President of the Constitutional Court {{DEFAULTSORT:Harutyunyan, Gagik 1948 births Living people Prime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zvartnots International Airport
Zvartnots International Airport ( hy, Զվարթնոց միջազգային օդանավակայան, translit=Zvart'nots' mijazgayin ōdanavakayan) is located near Zvartnots, west of Yerevan, the capital city of Armenia. It acts as the main international airport of Armenia and is Yerevan's main international transport hub. It is the busiest airport in the country. History The airport was opened in 1961, and following a design competition held in 1970, M. Khachikyan, A. Tarkhanyan, S. Qalashyan, L. Cherkezyan and M. Baghdasaryan won the right to design the first terminal building. The airport was renovated in the 1980s with the development of a new terminal area, in order to meet domestic traffic demands within the Soviet Union. When Armenia declared its independence from the Soviet Union in the 1990s, the growth of cargo shipments resulted in the construction of a new cargo terminal in 1998 that can handle about 100,000 tonnes of cargo annually. In 2001, a 30-year concessio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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