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'Abd Allah II Ibn 'Ali 'Abd Ash-Shakur
Amir Abdullahi, formally Abd Allah II ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur or Amir Hajji 'Abdu'llahi II ibn 'Ali 'Abdu's Shakur ( – 1930), was the last Emir of Harar and ruled from late 1884 to 26 January 1887, when the state was terminated, following the defeat of the Harari troops at the Battle of Chelenqo on 9 January. According to R. A. Caulk, Amir Abdullahi was the son of Muhammad ibn `Ali `Abd ash-Shakur by Kadija, the daughter of Emir `Abd al-Karim ibn Muhammad. To secure his hold on the emirate of Harar, his father had married Abdullahi to the daughter of Ahmad III ibn Abu Bakr, his predecessor. Abdullahi was a student of and an Islamic fundamentalist. Egypt had occupied Harar since 1875, but the local commander reported that maintaining that occupation was costly and logistically challenging, so the Egyptians withdrew leaving Amir Abdullahi with the Khedive's firman to rule Harar. He was given "a few hundred soldiers trained by one of the British officers, 300 to 400 rifles, so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gwandu Emirate
Gwandu, also called Gando, is a town and emirate in Kebbi State, Nigeria. The seat of government for the emirate and district of this name is in Birnin Kebbi, which is the capital of Kebbi State and was capital of the historical Kingdom of Kebbi. Founded in the sixteenth century by the Kabbawa, a Hausa people Gwandu today acts as one of the four emirates composing Kebbi State. The town became important during the Fulani War, Fulani jihad, and from 1815 it was one of the two capitals of the Sokoto Caliphate, Fulani empire until it came under British control in 1903. History The name "Gwandu" derives from the Hausa language, Hausa word ''gandu'', which translates to "royal farmlands." The town's origins can be traced back to its earlier days as a small village under the leadership of the royal farmer of Kanta Kotal, who was the first King of Kebbi Emirate, Kebbi who reigned from 1517 to 1561. Over time, the village developed and expanded, eventually becoming a town. One of the fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaldessa
Jaldessa (also transliterated Jeldessa, Gildessa, Guildessa, Gheldessa) is a village in eastern Ethiopia. Located in the Dire Dawa Region. The Central Statistical Agency has not published an estimate for the population of this village. It is located in History In its early history the area of Jaldessa was part of the Emirate of Harar. W.C. Barker, writing in 1842, mentions it as a stopping place in the territory of the Nole Oromo, on the caravan route between Zeila and Harar. The present-day town of Jaldessa (45 km north of Harar), was founded in 1875 by the Egyptians who set up a fort to secure supply from the coast and stationed a contingent of Sudanese soldiers with an Egyptian officer. Jaldessa then became an important station along the trade route between Harar and the Red Sea coast. A market was set up and people built huts around the station, which was fortified with stones and hedgerows, the Somali on one side and the Oromo on the other. The Ughaz of Issa, Roble ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1850s Births
Year 185 ( CLXXXV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lascivius and Atilius (or, less frequently, year 938 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 185 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Nobles of Britain demand that Emperor Commodus rescind all power given to Tigidius Perennis, who is eventually executed. * Publius Helvius Pertinax is made governor of Britain and quells a mutiny of the British Roman legions who wanted him to become emperor. The disgruntled usurpers go on to attempt to assassinate the governor. * Tigidius Perennis, his family and many others are executed for conspiring against Commodus. * Commodus drains Rome's treasury to put on gladiatorial spectacles and confiscates property to support his pleasures. He participates a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Emirs Of Harar
The Emirate of Harar was a Muslim kingdom founded in 1647 when the Harari people refused to accept Imām ʿUmardīn Ādam as their ruler and broke away from the Imamate of Aussa to form their own state under `Ali ibn Da`ud. The Harar, city of Harar Gey served as its sole capital. Prior to its invasion by Shewan forces under Menelik II, the League of Nations noted that the Harar Emirate made up the area between the rivers Awash River, Awash and Shebelle River, Shebelle while the Ogaden was a tributary state. Originally however the Harar Emirate composed of present-day Somalia, Karanle and to the south of eastern Ethiopia including the Arsi Province. Numerous Oromo people, Oromo and Somali people, Somali clans in the region paid tax to the Emirate as late as the 18th century despite their gradual annexation of lands in the Harari state. Harar also dominated trade in Shewa. Harar's influence began shrinking in the 19th century possibly due to lack of resources and famine. Like all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sufi
Sufism ( or ) is a mysticism, mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic Tazkiyah, purification, spirituality, ritualism, and Asceticism#Islam, asceticism. Practitioners of Sufism are referred to as "Sufis" (from , ), and historically typically belonged to "orders" known as (pl. ) — congregations formed around a grand (saint) who would be the last in a Silsilah, chain of successive teachers linking back to Muhammad, with the goal of undergoing (self purification) and the hope of reaching the Maqam (Sufism), spiritual station of . The ultimate aim of Sufis is to seek the pleasure of God by endeavoring to return to their original state of purity and natural disposition, known as . Sufism emerged early on in Islamic history, partly as a reaction against the expansion of the early Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) and mainly under the tutelage of Hasan al-Basri. Although Sufis were opposed to dry legalism, they strictly obs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krupp
Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp (formerly Fried. Krupp AG and Friedrich Krupp GmbH), trade name, trading as Krupp, was the largest company in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century as well as Germany's premier weapons manufacturer during both world war, world wars. It produced battleship, battleships, U-boats, tanks, howitzers, guns, utilities, and hundreds of other commodities. The company also produced steel used to build railroads in the United States and to cap the Chrysler Building. After the Nazi Germany, Nazis seized power in Germany, Krupp supported the regime and was one of many German businesses that profited from forced labour under German rule during World War II, slave labor during World War II. Upon the war's end, the head of the company, Alfried Krupp, was tried and convicted as a war criminal for employing prisoners of war, foreign civilians and concentration camp inmates under inhumane conditions in support of the Nazi war effort. Despite being senten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Hirna
The Battle of Hirna was an engagement fought in October 1886 between the Abyssinian army of Shewa under ''Dejazmach'' Walda Gabriel and officer Bakri Salih of the Emirate of Harar. The Shewan forces were routed. Background In response to king Menelik's orders to occupy the Emirate of Harar, in September 1886 ''Dejazmach'' Wolde Gabriel a general of Menelik invaded the Emirate of Harar and occupied the Chercher area at Hirna however his army would be ambushed by the Emirate's troops. Battle According to Harold G. Marcus, his army "was in poor shape, reduced to a relatively small number by sickness and desertions." A night attack by Emir 'Abd Allah's army routed the ''Dejazmachs force, sending them fleeing westward towards the Awash River. Ethiopian historian Bahru Zewde calls it a decisive victory for the emirate's troops. Menelik's informant Asme Giyorgis, conceded the initial push towards Harar by Walda Gabryiel was a failure as the Amir's soldiers used fireworks to startl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menelik II
Menelik II ( ; horse name Aba Dagnew (Amharic: አባ ዳኘው ''abba daññäw''); 17 August 1844 – 12 December 1913), baptised as Sahle Maryam (ሣህለ ማርያም ''sahlä maryam'') was king of Shewa from 1866 to 1889 and Emperor of Ethiopia from 1889 to his death in 1913. At the height of his internal power and external prestige, the process of Menelik II's conquests, territorial expansion and creation of the modern empire-state was largely completed by 1898.Zewde, Bahru. A history of Ethiopia: 1855–1991. 2nd ed. Eastern African studies. 2001 The Ethiopian Empire was transformed under Menelik: the major signposts of modernisation were put in place, with the assistance of key ministerial advisors. Externally, Menelik led Ethiopian troops against Kingdom of Italy, Italian invaders in the First Italo-Ethiopian War; following a decisive victory at the Battle of Adwa, recognition of Ethiopia's independence by external powers was expressed in terms of diplomatic representa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menelik II Of Ethiopia
Menelik II ( ; horse name Aba Dagnew (Amharic: አባ ዳኘው ''abba daññäw''); 17 August 1844 – 12 December 1913), baptised as Sahle Maryam (ሣህለ ማርያም ''sahlä maryam'') was king of Shewa from 1866 to 1889 and Emperor of Ethiopia from 1889 to his death in 1913. At the height of his internal power and external prestige, the process of territorial expansion and creation of the modern empire-state was largely completed by 1898.Zewde, Bahru. A history of Ethiopia: 1855–1991. 2nd ed. Eastern African studies. 2001 The Ethiopian Empire was transformed under Menelik: the major signposts of modernisation were put in place, with the assistance of key ministerial advisors. Externally, Menelik led Ethiopian troops against Italian invaders in the First Italo-Ethiopian War; following a decisive victory at the Battle of Adwa, recognition of Ethiopia's independence by external powers was expressed in terms of diplomatic representation at his court and delineation of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oromo People
The Oromo people (, pron. ) are a Cushitic peoples, Cushitic ethnic group native to the Oromia region of Ethiopia and parts of Northern Kenya. They speak the Oromo language (also called ''Afaan Oromoo''), which is part of the Cushitic languages, Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They are one of the largest List of ethnic groups in Ethiopia, ethnic groups in Ethiopia. According to the last Ethiopian census of 2007, the Oromo numbered 25,488,344 people or 34.5% of the Ethiopian population. Recent estimates have the Oromo comprising 45,000,000 people, or 35.8% of the total Ethiopian population estimated at 116,000,000. The Oromo were originally Nomadic pastoralism, nomadic, semi-pastoralist people who later would Oromo expansion, conquer large swaths of land during their expansions. After the settlement, they would establish kingdoms in the Gibe regionsPaul Trevor William Baxter, Jan Hultin, Alessandro Triulzi"Being and Becoming Oromo: Historical and Anthropologi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zeila
Zeila (, ), also known as Zaila or Zayla, is a historical port town in the western Awdal region of Somaliland. In the Middle Ages, the Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela identified Zeila with the Biblical location of Havilah. Most modern scholars identify it with the site of Avalites mentioned in the 1st-century Greco-Roman travelogue the ''Periplus of the Erythraean Sea'' and in Ptolemy, although this is disputed. The town evolved into an early Islamic center with the arrival of Muslims shortly after the Hijrah. By the 9th century, Zeila was the capital of the early Adal (historical_region), Adal Kingdom and Ifat Sultanate in the 13th century, it would attain its height of prosperity a few centuries later in the 16th century. The city subsequently came under Ottoman Empire, Ottoman and British Empire, British protection in the 18th century. Up until recently Zeila was surrounded by a large wall with five gates: Bab al Sahil and Bab al-jadd on the North. Bab Abdulqadir on the Ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Issa (clan)
The Issa (also spelled Esa, or Aysa) (, ) is a northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Dir clan family. Overview As a Dir sub-clan, the Issa have immediate lineal ties with the Gadabuursi, Akisho, the Surre (Abdalle and Qubeys), the Biimaal (who the Gaadsen also belong to), the Bajimal, the Bursuk, the Madigan Dir, the Gurgura, the Garre (the Quranyow sub-clan to be precise as they claim descent from Dir), Gurre, Gariire, other Dir sub-clans and they have lineal ties with the Hawiye (Irir), Hawadle, Ajuran, Degoodi, Gaalje'el clan groups, who share the same ancestor Samaale.The Quranyo section of the Garre claim descent from Dirr, who are born of the Irrir Samal. UNDP Paper in Kenya http://www.undp.org/content/dam/kenya/docs/Amani%20Papers/AP_Volume1_n2_May2010.pdf The Issa clan has produced numerous noble Somali men and women over the centuries, including multiple Kings (Ughaz). Throughout their known history the Issa where known for their military strength and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
